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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: FLOW REACTOR
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Tracer investigations of dynamic properties of fluid flow reactor.
PublikacjaOmówiono podstawowe metody opisu rozkładu czasu przebywania cieczy w reaktorze oraz sposób jego wyznaczania metodą znacznikową. Szczegółowo omówiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych dla separatora substancji olejowych i dla złoża biologicznego.
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Influence of TiO2 hydrophilicity on the photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde in a circulated flow reactor
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Electrochemical degradation of textile dyes in a flow reactor: effect of operating conditions and dyes chemical structure
PublikacjaIn this study, electrochemical oxidation of five azo dyestuffs (Yellow D-5GN, Red D-B8, Ruby F-2B, Blue D-5RN, Black DN), that are widely used in the textile industry, was investigated in a flow reactor. BDD electrode with a high boron doping level (C/B = 10 000) was prepared and used. Two configurations of reactor were considered, i.e., one with the undivided cell, and the other with the cell divided by anodic and cathodic compartments....
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Numerical Modeling of Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production From Gasoline Autothermal Reforming in a Plug Flow Reactor for Electric Vehicles
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Decahedral-shaped anatase titania photocatalyst particles: Synthesis in a newly developed coaxial-flow gas-phase reactor
PublikacjaDecahedral-shaped anatase particles (DAPs) were prepared by a gas-phase process consisting of titanium(IV) chloride oxidation. The use of a coaxial-flow gas-phase reactor resulted in high reaction yield (ca. 70%) and good reproducibility of DAPs production. The influence of controlled and resultant preparation parameters on the process course and on DAPs properties (such as specific surface area, particle size and particle morphology)...
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Immobilization of TiO2 and Fe–C–TiO2 photocatalysts on the cotton material for application in a flow photocatalytic reactor for decomposition of phenol in water
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Analysis of the radiation dose in UV-disinfection flow reactors.
PublikacjaTheoretical considerations devoted to the variation of UV radiation doses in flow disinfection reactors are presented. The minimal time required by the fluid to pass the reactor was determined and combined with the radiation intensity. The active zones of the reactor were determined.
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Rational determination of dynamic characteristics of fluid-flow Reactors
PublikacjaPodstawowa charakterystykę reaktorów stanowi krzywa rozkładu czasu zatrzymania. Jej dokładne wyznaczenie jest trudne i kosztowne. W pracy zaproponowano wykorzystanie metody aproksymacyjnej, polegającej na zastąpieniu rzeczywistej funkcji przez jej przebieg uproszczony. Zaproponowano aproksymację rozkładem trójkątnym. Na konkretnym przykładzie pokazano, że metoda ta daje lepsze wyniki niż powszechnie stosowany model przepływu tłokowego.
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Comparison of cadmium adsorption process on barley straw in batch and flow reactors
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Insights Into Hydrodynamics of Spinning Fluids Reactor
PublikacjaSpinning fluids reactor (SFR) is one of the most efficient gas-liquid contacting system with high potential of application in many fields. The unique solution of SFR is the contacting of two spinning fluids which generated centrifugal force. The aim of this study was to investigate the pressure field distribution on the inner surface of reactors dispersing element. Obtained results confirm the high heterogeneity of the field pressure...
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Spinning Fluids Reactor: A new design of a gas – liquid contactor
PublikacjaCurrent trends in chemical reactor design are based on adapting these to the requirements of a particular chemical process. Processes involving reactions between the gas and liquid phase in particular require precise adjustment of all parameters. The common denominator for most modern design solutions is enhancement of the mass transfer area and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Gas – liquid contactors evolved from...
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Nitrogen mass balance and mathematical model of a Structured- Bed Reactor (SBRRIA)
PublikacjaAn up-flow structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA) was operated under varying influent conditions. The influent COD/N ratio was adjusted by maintaining a stable organic loading rate (average of 1.07 kgCOD m-3 d-1) and changing the nitrogen loading rate from 0.1 to 0.4 kg N m-3. Therefore, three different COD/N ratios were tested: 9.7±1 (Scenario 1); 7.6±1 (Scenario 2) and 2.9±1 (Scenario...
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Simulation of Residence Time Distribution and Mixing in Reactors with Recirculation Using 2D Approach
PublikacjaIn this paper, we propose a 2D approach in order to create a mathematical model for the determination of the residence time distribution for a flow reactor with recirculation. Apart from characterizing the functional residence time distribution, this model can help improve the operation of the reactor at the design stage. The mathematical model was validated by comparison with experiments carried out in a hydraulic laboratory.
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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN THERMOCATALYTIC REACTOR BASED ON THE INTERMETALLIC PHASE OF NI3AL
PublikacjaThe main aim of the following paper is mathematical modelling for momentum, heat and mass transfer, which is accompanied by chemical surface reactions of the flow of the mixture helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of hydrocarbons incorporate vertical microchannels coupling at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls. The results of the experiment were compared with CFD calculations to calibrate...
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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SPECIES DIFFUSION AND METHANOL DECOMPOSITION IN THERMOCATALYTIC REACTOR BASED ON THE INTERMETALLIC PHASE OF Ni3Al FOR LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS
PublikacjaNumerical modelling of hydrogen production by means of methanol decomposition in a thermocatalytic reactor using corrugated foil made of the Ni3Al intermetallic phase is shown in the paper. Experimental results of the flow analysis of mixtures containing helium and methanol in a thermocatalytic reactor with microchannels were used for the initial calibration of the CFD calculations (calculations based on the Computational Fluid...
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Modeling of entrained flow steam gasification of sewage sludge
PublikacjaProper management of sewage sludge becomes increasingly problematic due to legal requirements aiming at diminishing environmental impact, as well as rationalizing the utilization from the point of view of logistics. Steam gasification of sewage sludge can result in very good quality of the producer gas. So far, the works have been focused on the gasification in fixed bed gasifiers. However, this does not allow to take full advantage...
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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A GENERATION IV SCWR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CYCLE
PublikacjaThis article presents a flow and thermodynamic analysis of a Generation IV nuclear cycle. An SCWR (Supercritical water reactor) is a high temperature and high pressure reactor that uses water at a temperature above its thermodynamic critical point as the working fluid. The cycle used for the calculations consists of one interstage superheater and 7 regenerative heat exchangers. Division pressure was optimized in view of the cycle efficiency,...
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Mathematical modeling of hydrogen production performance in thermocatalytic reactor based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al
PublikacjaThe main goal of the following work is to adjust mathematical modelling for mass transfer, to specific conditions resulting from presence of chemical surface reactions in the flow of the mixture consisting of helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of organic compounds incorporate microchannels coupled at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls regions. The results of the experiment were compared...
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A stochastic approach for the solution of single and multi – objective optimisation problems of biological processes in sequencing batch reactor
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the impact of implementing single and multi-optimisation solutions on the biological treatment process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The research is based on a case study of the water resource recovery facility (WRRF) in Swarzewo, Northern Poland. The paper introduces the adaptive extremum seeking control (ESC) method for dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration control and places it in a layered control structure....
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Electrochemical Production of Sodium Hypochlorite from Salty Wastewater Using a Flow-by Porous Graphite Electrode
PublikacjaThe production of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from salty wastewater using an electrochemical cell has several advantages over other methods that often require hazardous chemicals and generate toxic waste, being more sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, the process of producing sodium hypochlorite using an electrochemical cell requires careful control of the operating conditions, such as the current density, flow rate,...
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Disinfection characteristics of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor in pilot scale
PublikacjaHydrodynamic cavitation is a promising technique for water disinfection. In the present paper, the disinfection characteristics of an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (ARHCR) in pilot scale were studied. The effects of various flow rates (1.4–2.6 m3/h) and rotational speeds (2600–4200 rpm) on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were revealed and analyzed. The variation regularities of the log reduction and reaction...
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Fault detection and diagnostics of complex dynamic systems using Gaussian Process Models - nuclear power plant case study
PublikacjaThe article examines the use of Gaussian Process Models to simulate the dynamic processes of a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor for fault detection and diagnostics. The paper illustrates the potential of Gaussian Process Models as a tool for monitoring and predicting various fault conditions in Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor power plants, including reactor coolant flow and temperature variations, deviations from nominal working...
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Entrained Flow Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge–Proof-of-Concept and Fate of Inorganics
PublikacjaSewage sludge is a residue of wastewater processing that is biologically active and consists of water, organic matter, including dead and living pathogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. Landfilling is on the decline, giving way to more environmentally friendly utilisation routes. This paper presents the results of a two-stage gasification–vitrification system, using...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublikacjaEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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The effect of 1,4-butanediol on the efficiency of CO2 absorption and inhibition of NH3 escape during the mineral carbonation of gypsum
PublikacjaThis study explored the optimal concentration of 1,4-butanediol for maximizing CO2 absorption and minimizing ammonia desorption. Mineral carbonation of gypsum slurry was carried out in a bubble reactor with a magnetic stirrer maintaining constant speed for 1 hour. The gas introduced to the reactor was a mixture of CO2 and air. The gas flow was controlled by the mass controllers. Gas sensors were used to determine the concentration...
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Supervisory Control System for Adaptive Phase and Work Cycle Management of Sequencing Wastewater Treatment Plant
PublikacjaThe paper presents the design of the integrated control system applied to Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) in a biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Swarzewo, which operates under activated sludge technology. Based on the real data records, ASM2d biological processes model and aeration system model, hierarchical control system for dissolved oxygen tracking and cycle management is designed. Internal Model Controller (IMC)...
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The advanced monitoring as a key factor for appropriate optimization and control of full-scale activated sludge systems – case study Debogorze WWTP.
PublikacjaComputer simulation has become a helpful tool in wastewater treatment systems performance and effectiveness analysis. Advanced monitoring, by using appropriate software, enables to create a mathematical model of a real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), run a simulation and subsequently interpret results under various conditions. An operation of WWTP is usually controlled by global parameters such as flow, solids retention time,...
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Evaluation Of Single Pole Auto-Reclosing Effectiveness With Nonlinear Secondary Arc Model
PublikacjaThe paper discusses two evaluation methods of single pole auto-reclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a non-linear secondary arc implementation is presented. The authors indicate, that precise representation of secondary electric arc leads to more...
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Towards Computer-Aided Graphene Covered TiO2-Cu/(CuxOy) Composite Design for the Purpose of Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution
PublikacjaIn search a hydrogen source, we synthesized TiO2-Cu-graphene composite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. The catalyst is a new and unique material as it consists of copper-decorated TiO2 particles covered tightly in graphene and obtained in a fluidized bed reactor. Both, reduction of copper from Cu(CH3COO) at the surface of TiO2 particles and covering of TiO2-Cu in graphene thin layer by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were...
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Atimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. in Muncipal wasterwater Treatment Plant - Model Study
PublikacjaIn this study the removal of resistant Enterococcus spp. was evaluated using the laboratory-scale wastewater treatment model plant (M-WWTP), designed as a multiphase (anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic) system (Q = 27 dm3 per day) and continuously supplied with the wastewater obtained from the full-scale WWTP, after grid. The activated sludge from the secondary clarifier was recirculated to the anaerobic chamber (with the ratio equal...
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Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Obtaining Limonene
PublikacjaThis review deals with the technologies of limonene production from waste tyre pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition is attractive for tackling the waste tyre disposal problem, as it enables both: energy to be recovered and limonene to be obtained. This material management recycling of tyres is environmentally more beneficial than the burning of all valuable products, including limonene. Given this recoverability of materials from waste...
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Nuclear Power Plant Steam Turbine - Modeling for Model Based Control Purposes
PublikacjaThe nature of the processes taking place in a nuclear power plant (NPP) steam turbine is the reason why their modeling is very difficult, especially when the model is intended to be used for on-line optimal model based process control over a wide range of operating conditions, caused by changing electrical power demand e.g. when combined heat and power mode of work is utilized. The paper presents three nonlinear models of NPP steam...
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A review on gasification and pyrolysis of waste plastics
PublikacjaGasification and pyrolysis are thermal processes for converting carbonaceous substances into tar, ash, coke, char, and gas. Pyrolysis produces products such as char, tar, and gas, while gasification transforms carbon-containing products (e.g., the products from pyrolysis) into a primarily gaseous product. The composition of the products and their relative quantities are highly dependent on the configuration of the overall process...
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Application of Eco-innovative Technologies of Nutrients Removal in Wastewater – Case Study BARITECH Project
PublikacjaEco-innovative technologies in wastewater treatment should provide not only stringent standards for the quality of treated wastewater but also ensure maximum recovery of energy and raw materials from wastewater. One of the ways to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in existing conventional wastewater treatment plants is pretreatment of reject water generated during the mechanical...
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Nonlinear secondary arc model use for evaluation of single pole auto-reclosing effectiveness
PublikacjaPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss two evaluation methods of single pole autoreclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a nonlinear secondary arc implementation is presented. Design/methodology/approach – A computer simulation studies were...
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Effect of the Cavitation Generation Unit Structure on the Performance of an Advanced Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor for Process Intensifications
PublikacjaThe advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs) that appeared recently have shown obvious advantages compared with conventional devices in process intensifications. In ARHCRs, the cavitation generation unit (CGU) located on the rotor and stator basically determines their performance. For the first time, the present study investigated the effect of the CGU structure on the performance of a representative ARHCR...
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Influence of the boron doping level on the electrochemical oxidation of raw landfill leachates: advanced pre-treatment prior to the biological nitrogen removal
PublikacjaThe electrochemical oxidative treatment of landfill leachates (LLs) containing high amounts of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter was used as a promising method, prior to biological processes, to achieve the final effluent quality that would be acceptable by current regulations. The deposited boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) with different boron doping concentrations (10000, 5000 and 500 ppm of B) were applied as anodes....
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Multi-objective optimization of the cavitation generation unit structure of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor
PublikacjaHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been widely considered a promising technique for industrial-scale process intensifications. The effectiveness of HC is determined by the performance of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs). The advanced rotational HCRs (ARHCRs) proposed recently have shown superior performance in various applications, while the research on the structural optimization is still absent. The present study, for the...
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Multi-nodal PWR reactor model — Methodology proposition for power distribution coefficients calculation
PublikacjaIn the paper the multi-nodal Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) model called Mann’s model is presented. This models is used for modelling purposes of the heat transfer from fuel to coolant in reactor core. The authors expand widely used in literature approach by defining additional coefficients for the heat transfer model. These parameters approximate the power generation distribution in the PWR reactor core according to the to the...
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Nodal models of Pressurized Water Reactor core for control purposes – A comparison study
PublikacjaThe paper focuses on the presentation and comparison of basic nodal and expanded multi-nodal models of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) core, which includes neutron kinetics, heat transfer between fuel and coolant, and internal and external reactivity feedback processes. In the expanded multi-nodal model, the authors introduce a novel approach to the implementation of thermal power distribution phenomena into the multi-node...
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Is sequential batch reactor an efficient technology to protect recipient against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in treated wastewater?
PublikacjaThe tested facility was a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Swarzewo, where the wastewater treatment takes place in aeration chambers with activated sludge using sequential batch reactors (SBRs). The concentration of the following pharmaceuticals: ibuprofen, paracetamol, flurbiprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and its metabolites 5OH-diclofenac and 4OH-diclofenac was tested in influents and effluents. Simultaneously, the conventional...
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Reaktory elektrochemiczne w przemyśle - konstrukcja i zastosowania
PublikacjaZ biegiem lat reakcje elektrochemiczne przestały być postrzegane jedynie jako eksperymenty laboratoryjne lub proste baterie. Chociaż mechanizm reakcji i budowa prostych reaktorów znana jest ludzkości już od ponad 100 lat w ostatnich latach można zauważyć największy wzrost zainteresowania tą dziedziną. Nowy stale opracowywane są lepsze projekty budowy reaktorów. Modyfikacje to nie tylko rodzaje i formy materiałów, z których wykonane...
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Bioaugmentation of a sequencing batch reactor with Archaea for the treatment of reject water
PublikacjaIn this study, the bioaugmentation of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the treatment of reject water from wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. For the bioaugmentation step a product containing an enrichment of microorganisms from the Archaea domain was used to enhance the performance of the reactor for treating reject water. The experiment was carried out in two parallel lab-scale sequencing batch reactors. The first one...
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The metagenomic approach to characterization of the microbial community shift during the long-term cultivation of anammox-enriched granular sludge
PublikacjaA metagenomic approach was used to investigate how the microbial community composition changes when an anammox-based granular sludge reactor is seeded with nitritation-anammox biomass from a wastewater treatment plant. In the seed sample, the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was similar to Candidatus Jettenia caeni (12.63 vs. 11.68%). This biomass was typical in terms of microbial nitrogen conversion; both ammonia...
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Problems of Connecting Wind Farms to the Power System with HV Cables
PublikacjaThis paper presents problems caused by connecting wind farms to a power system with high voltage cables. The author highlights possible problems with reactive power compensation, depending on the arrangement of the shunt reactor connection and settings of control systems for reactive power and voltage of the wind farm. The paper also discusses issues of increasing active power losses caused by a shunt reactor installation.
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Przyszłość energetyki jądrowej na świecie
PublikacjaProblemy dostępności paliwa jądrowego i składowania odpadów radioaktywnych skłaniają do przemian w technologii reaktorów jądrowych w kierunku generacji IV. Równolegle obserwuje się rozwój reaktorów małej i średniej mocy. Obie ścieżki wydają się być słuszne i obiecujące. W przypadku małych reaktorów jądrowych, pierwsze instalacje mogą powstać w najbliższych pięciu latach, niektóre z nich mogą zaliczać się do reaktorów IV generacji....
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Implementation of the FOPID Algorithm in the PLC Controller - PWR Thermal Power Control Case Study
PublikacjaIn the paper authors describe proposition of design and verification procedures of the discrete Fractional Order PID (FOPID) algorithm for control of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) thermal power near its nominal operating point. The FOPID algorithm synthesis consists of: off-line optimal tunning of its parameters in continuous time-domain with LQ (Linear Quadratic) performance index and simplified models of nuclear reactor...
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublikacjaThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Haemocompatibility Of Non-Functionalized And Plasmachemical Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamond Particles
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to present the innovative design of microwave plasma system for modification of detonation nanodiamond particles (DNP) using a special rotating drum placed inside the reactor. Nanodiamond particles manufactured by detonation method reveal the biological activity depending on surface functionalization. Plasmachemical modification of detonation nanodiamond particles gives the possibility of controlling...
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The analysis of turbine propulsion systems in nuclear submarines
PublikacjaThe article systematises submarines, which are presently in service, according to their propulsion types (both conventional and nuclear), power output, and submersion depth. Contemporary types of propulsion systems installed and used in submarines are discussed. Calculations were performed for the PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type nuclear propulsion system and the supercritical turbine propulsion system (supercritical reactor...