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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MODERN GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublikacjaSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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A commercial gas boiler fitted with the ORC module as perspective solution for households
PublikacjaIn this paper the applicability of the commercial gas boiler (De Dietrich DTG X23N) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup was experimentally studied. The main objective was to determine the working fluid capability to obtain required temperatures of vapour prior to the turbine, attainable heat rates and efficiencies of the whole system. The boiler thermal power was 25 kW. Tests were carried out with a single stage...
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Exergy analysis of a negative CO2 emission gas power plant based on water oxy-combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification and CCS
PublikacjaA power cycle with water-injected oxy-combustion (water cycle) is investigated by exergy analysis. It is fueled with syngas (aka. producer gas) from gasification of sewage sludge. The cycle is equipped with a spray-ejector condenser (SEC). CO2 is separated and compressed for transportation and storage. The net delivered electric power is 31% of the fuel exergy. The task efficiency is 39% when the flue gas bleed to gasification...
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The Influence of Cooperation on the Operation of an MPC Controller Pair in a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Generator Set
PublikacjaThe paper discusses the problem of cooperation between multiple model predictive control (MPC) systems. This approach aims at improving the control quality in electrical energy generation and forms the next step in a series of publications by the authors focusing on the optimization and control of electric power systems. Cooperation and cooperative object concepts in relation to a multi MPC system are defined and a cooperative control...
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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A hybrid approach to optimization of radial inflow turbine with principal component analysis
PublikacjaEnergy conversion efficiency is one of the most important features of power systems as it greatly influences the economic balance. The efficiency can be increased in many ways. One of them is to optimize individual components of the power plant. In most Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems the power is created in the turbine and these systems can benefit from effective turbine optimization. The paper presents the use of two kinds...
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CFD analysis of fluid flow through the labyrinth seal
PublikacjaSteam and gas turbines are some of the fundamental means of power generation. The energy efficiency of the turbines, however, is not satisfactory. Ever since the start-up of the first turbine in the world, engineers have been striving for their increased efficiency. Multiple solutions to the problem of steam loss in an operating turbine are available. The use of seals is one of them. Empirical methods or numerical calculations...
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Double-stage ORC system based on various temperature waste heat sources of the negative CO2 power plant
PublikacjaAnalysed is the modification of the thermodynamic cycle with the negative CO2 power plant concept by its combination with the organic Rankine cycle. The analysed power plant operates on a gas produced from the gasification of sewage sludge. The negative emission term comes from the aggregated CO2 balance resulting from the capture of the CO2, while the sewage sludge is one of the inevitable environmental sources of CO2 to be avoided....
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The use of plate springs for preloading of a system of tapered roller bearings of a wind turbine gearbox
PublikacjaThe use of preloaded tapered roller bearings in wind turbine drive systems allows a transfer of load in the case of high variations of axial forces. The examined bearing system, a modification of a current design, consists of a pair of different sized bearings. Previous study showed the high sensitivity of tapered roller bearings on the existing radial interference. Dimensional tolerances used in the original design do not allow...
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ISSUES OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION IN A FLOATING POWER PLANT
PublikacjaThis article presents basic dependences for conducting a technical and economic analysis related with investment projects. It describes a combined system of a compression ignition engine and a steam turbine, whose aim, when placed on a floating platform, is to generate electric energy in the so-called distributed generation system. Such a system involves a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a connected steam turbine system...
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Operation evaluation method for marine turbine combustion engines in terms of energetics
PublikacjaAn evaluation proposal (quantitative determination) of an y combustion turbine engine operation has been presented , wherein the impact energy occurs at a given time due to Energy conversion. The fact has been taken into account that in this type of internal combustion engines the energy conversion occurs first in the combustion chambers and in the spaces between the blade of the turbine engine. It was assumed that in the combustion...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostics of turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Part I. Standard measurements.
PublikacjaThe article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
PublikacjaCombined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas...
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Advanced Control Structures of Turbo Generator System of Nuclear Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the paper a synthesis of advanced control structures of turbine and synchronous generator for nuclear power plant working under changing operating conditions (supplied power level) is presented. It is based on the nonlinear models of the steam turbine and synchronous generator cooperating with the power system. Considered control structure consists of multi-regional fuzzy control systems with local linear controllers, including...
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Advanced Control Structures of Turbo Generator System of Nuclear Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the paper a synthesis of advanced control structures of turbine and synchronous generator for nuclear power plant working under changing operating conditions (supplied power level) is presented. It is based on the nonlinear models of the steam turbine and synchronous generator cooperating with the power system. Considered control structure consists of multi-regional fuzzy control systems with local linear controllers, including...
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Water-Lubricated Journal Bearings Marine Applications, Design, and Operational Problems and Solutions
PublikacjaWater-Lubricated Journal Bearings: Marine Applications, Design, and Operational Problems and Solutions provides cutting-edge design solutions, common problems and methods for avoiding them, and material selection considerations for the use of water-lubricated journal bearings in marine environments. These bearings have many advantages, including the absence of the potential for oil contamination. They are also sensitive, and their...
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ENERGY STORAGE IN COMPRESSED AIR – SOLUTION SUPPORTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
PublikacjaThis article presents a brief description of a power system, the current national power system daily load, the use of wind power as a renewable energy source and its share in the national load. It also discusses the methods for storing energy, their characteristics and possible solutions. The power storage and generation solution proposed in the article is based on the collaboration between a gas turbine and an air storage system....
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Neural Modelling of Steam Turbine Control Stage
PublikacjaThe paper describes possibility of steam turbine control stage neural model creation. It is of great importance because wider application of green energy causes severe conditions for control of energy generation systems operation Results of chosen steam turbine of 200 MW power measurements are applied as an example showing way of neural model creation. They serve as training and testing data of such neural model. Relatively simple...
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The dynamic performance analysis of the Micro-turbine's rotor supparted on slide and roling element bearings
PublikacjaThis article presents the results of investigations of dynamic characteristics of a small-dimension rotor with slide and rolling element bearings. The object of investigations was the rotor-bearing system designed for the ORC based low-power steam micro-turbine. The investigations were performed using MESWIR series programs, as well as commercial FEA software ABAQUS and MADYN 2000. The results of modal analysis of the micro-rotor...
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Issues of Estimating the Maximum Distributed Generation at High Wind Power Participation
PublikacjaThis paper presents the methods of estimating the maximum power that can be connected to the power system in distributed generation sources. Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) were selected as the subject for analysis. Nonetheless, the considerations presented in this paper are only general and also apply to other types of power sources, including the sources that are not considered part of distributed generation.
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Sewage sludge co-pyrolysis with agricultural/forest residues: A comparative life-cycle assessment
PublikacjaThis study aims to determine the sustainability and energy efficiency of co-pyrolysis scenarios as treatment processes for municipal sewage sludge through a life cycle assessment (LCA). In addition, sensitivity and energy recovery analyses are conducted to determine the possible methods for optimizing the co-pyrolysis process from a circular bioeconomy perspective. Corncob and wood residue have been selected as potential co-feed...
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Robustness Analysis of a Distributed MPC Control System of a Turbo-Generator Set of a Nuclear Plant – Disturbance Issues
PublikacjaTypically, there are two main control loops with PI controllers operating at each turbo-generator set. In this paper, a distributed model predictive controller with local quadratic model predictive controllers for the turbine generator is proposed instead of a set of classical PI controllers. The local quadratic predictive controllers utilize step-response models for the controlled system components. The parameters of these models...
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Updating Finite Element Model of a Wind Turbine Blade Section Using Experimental Modal Analysis Results
PublikacjaThis paper presents selected results and aspects of themultidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research oriented for the experimental and numerical study of the structural dynamics of a bend-twist coupled full scale section of awind turbine blade structure.Themain goal of the conducted research is to validate finite elementmodel of themodified wind turbine blade section mounted in the flexible support structure accordingly to the...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublikacjaDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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Negative CO2 Emission Gas Power Plant As Technology for Utilization of Sewage Sludge, Production of Electrical Energy, and CO2 Capture - Case of Chamber Under Transpiration Cooling
PublikacjaThis work focuses on the concept developed in the nCO2PP project, which aims to demonstrate a technology that allows to achieve negative CO2 emissions through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to sewage sludge. A feedstock is first gasified, then the resulting syngas is burned in a semi-closed oxy-fuel gas turbine with pure oxygen and water, using the advantages of oxy-combustion, to ease the capture of CO2 in the resulting...
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Winding function approach based design of novel five-phase brushless doubly fed induction generator
PublikacjaThe paper presents the concept of the new design of the five-phase brushless doubly fed induction generator. The generator is dedicated to the modern wind turbine. The innovative design approach uses a five-phase power supply from the stator control winding side of the generator with a stator three-phase classic power winding. The research results presented indicate that the electromagnetic coupling between the control and power...
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Technical and economic conditions of supplying residential consumers with heat from nuclear power plant
PublikacjaThe reduction of CO2 emission requires technological shift towards carbon-free options. Cogeneration of electricity and heat based on coal and natural gas will experience generation cost increase, if the costs of emissions are imposed on the plant operators. Therefore, nuclear and renewable options should be considered. In this paper, we present the concept of electricity and heat supply system with nuclear condensing turbine adapted...
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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Tesla Friction-Type Micro Turbine For Small-Scale Cogeneration
PublikacjaTesla turbine is rarely used in professional power installations due to its specific work characteristics and relatively low internal efficiency. However, it has some potential to be applied in micro-power plants operating in distributed co-generation systems, also working in an organic Rankine cycle. This paper presents results from numerical calculations of flow in three models of Tesla disk turbines assuming nitrogen as a working...
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The Latest Advances in Wireless Communication in Aviation, Wind Turbines and Bridges
PublikacjaPresent-day technologies used in SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) systems in many implementations are based on wireless sensor networks (WSN). In the context of the continuous development of these systems, the costs of the elements that form the monitoring system are decreasing. In this situation, the challenge is to select the optimal number of sensors and the network architecture, depending on the wireless system’s other parameters...
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Evaluation of working spaces' technical condition of marine diesel engine on the basis of operation research
PublikacjaThe paper presents the method of evaluation of the technical state of working spaces of a marine diesel engine at the reduced control susceptibility. The method foresees making diagnosis on the basis of the measurements of exhaust gas pressure in the channels connecting engine cylinders with turbocharger's turbine. In the beginning of the article the research objects are characterized i.e. ZVIEZDA main engine of M401 type and the...
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Advanced Turbine Cycles with Organic Media
PublikacjaOrganic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants have become very popular and have found their applications in systems with renewable sources of energy. So far their overall efficiencies are not very impressive and only for the upper temperature of about 300 °C do they exceed 20%. A drawback of these cycles is the limitation of the cycle upper temperature due to the heat exchanger technology and the materials used. However, it is possible...
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Impact of rotor geometry optimization on the off-design ORC turbine performance
PublikacjaThe paper describes the method of CFD based Nelder-Mead optimization of a 10 kW single-stage axial turbine operating in an ORC system working on R7100. The total-to-static isentropic efficiency is defined as an objective function. Multi-point linear regression is carried out to determine the significance of the objective function arguments and to pick up the set of particular variables and characteristic quantities (e.g. flow angles)...
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Conditions for increasing the recognition of degradation in thermal-flow diagnostics, taking into account environmental legal aspects
PublikacjaThe ever-increasing demand for electricity and the need for conventional sources to cooperate with renewable ones generates the need to increase the efficiency and safety of the generation sources. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to operate existing facilities more efficiently with full detection of emerging faults. These are the requirements of Polish, European and International law, which demands that energy facilities...
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Nuclear Co-generation: The Analysis of Technical Capabilities and Cost Estimates
PublikacjaThis paper presents a concept of the parallel connection of a nuclear power plant fitted to provide heat for district heating application, with the CHP and heat plants existing in the supply region, in this case with the heating systems of Wejherowo and Gdynia. Presented variant proposes to add heat to a nuclear power plant’s total output by supplying heat exchangers with the steam from bleeders of low pressure (LP) turbine stage...
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Thermodynamic analysis of the double Brayton cycle with the use of oxy combustion and capture of CO2
PublikacjaIn this paper, thermodynamic analysis of a proposed innovative double Brayton cycle with the use of oxy combustion and capture of CO2, is presented. For that purpose, the computation flow mechanics (CFM) approach has been developed. The double Brayton cycle (DBC) consists of primary Brayton and secondary inverse Brayton cycle. Inversion means that the role of the compressor and the gas turbine is changed and firstly we have expansion...
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software
PublikacjaAbstract: The article presents results of thermodynamic analysis using a zero-dimensional mathematical models of a negative CO2 emission power plant. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant allows the production of electricity using gasified sewage sludge as a main fuel. The negative emission can be achieved by the use this type of fuel which is already a “zeroemissive” energy source. Together with carbon capture...
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Thermodynamic and economic analysis of nuclear power unit operating in partial cogeneration mode to produce electricity and district heat
PublikacjaThis paper presents the methodology of techno-economic analysis for a nuclear unit operating in partial cogeneration mode and its application for the case study: a nuclear power plant planned in Poland. The research objectives were: to propose EPR, AP1000 and ESBWR nuclear condensing-extraction turbine systems modifications required for operation in cogeneration, to determine optimal heat production and heat transport line (HTL)...
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Experimental investigations and simulations of the microturbine unit with permanent magnet generator
PublikacjaIn dispersed power generation, low power devices are used for local combined generating of heat end electric power. There are developing concepts of micropower plants with electric generators driven by steam or gas microturbines. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigations of the microturbine set consists of the turbine with partial admission, permanent magnet generator and three phase AC-to-DC rectifier. The...
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THE PHASE SHIFTERS INFLUENCE ON THE POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
PublikacjaThe paper presents the effect of phase shifters as FACTS devices on the possibility of improving the angle stability. Presented results obtained by the dynamic simulation performed on the mathematical model of the three machine system cooperating with the 400 kV network. The generative blocks models include turbine models with their controllers and models of synchronous generators with their excitation systems and voltage regulation....
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Parallel Programming for Modern High Performance Computing Systems
PublikacjaIn view of the growing presence and popularity of multicore and manycore processors, accelerators, and coprocessors, as well as clusters using such computing devices, the development of efficient parallel applications has become a key challenge to be able to exploit the performance of such systems. This book covers the scope of parallel programming for modern high performance computing systems. It first discusses selected and...
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Alternative diagnostic method applied on marine diesel engines having limited monitoring susceptibility
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of technical state evaluation of working spaces of a marine diesel engine at the limited control susceptibility. The method foresees making a diagnosis of the engine's working spaces on the basis of measurements of the exhaust gas pressure in the channels connecting engine cylinders with the turbocharger's turbine. Diagnostic measurements are carried out at representative (comparative) steady loads depending...
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Comparative study of a combined heat and power plant retrofitted by CO2 capture during the combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification versus zero-emission combustion of hydrogen produced using renewables
PublikacjaWith ecological requirements aimed at limiting the production of CO2, it is necessary to produce all, or most of the energy from RES. During the transformation process, ecological and highly efficient combustion power plants will be needed. The classic cycle of combined heat and power (CCGT) with green improvements will continue to be one of the most suitable technologies for this task. This article presents the modernization of...
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Alternative diagnostic method applied on marine diesel engines having limited monitoring susceptibility
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of technical state evaluation of working spaces of a marine diesel engine at the limited control susceptibility. The method foresees making a diagnosis of the engine's working spaces on the basis of measurements of the exhaust gas pressure in the channels connecting engine cylinders with the turbocharger's turbine. Diagnostic measurements are carried out at representative (comparative) steady loads depending...
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Analysing the potential for application of the phase shift method in endoscopic examination of marine engines
PublikacjaThe article presents theoretical principles of image processing in digital endoscopy which makes use of a miniaturised spectral scanner “PhaseProbe” designed by General Inspection Technologies LP, the producer of the measuring videoendoscope Everest XLG3. The technology of optoelectronic 3D mapping of the examined surface, which consists in measuring the phase shift between the emitted and reflected light waves, is briefly described....
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HIERARCHICAL CYCLES IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS – EXERGY ANALYSIS UNDER PART LOADS
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to investigate thermodynamic efficiency of advanced hierarchic power cyclesunder partial loads by using of exergy analyze. Advanced hierarchical power systems arecomposed of few energy conversion cycles, most common are steam and gas cycles in various configurations, but they may contain fuel cells, ORC, lithium bromide absorption chillers and others. Moreover hierarchical cycles can be powered by several...
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Block-based Representation of Application Execution on Modern Parallel Systems
PublikacjaThe chapter presents how to model execution of a parallel computational application that is to be executed in a large-scale parallel or distributed environment with potentially thousands to millions of execution units. The representation uses pre- viously attributes and factors representative of modern high performance systems including multicore CPUs, GPUs, dedicated accelerators such as Intel Phi.
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Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Dual-Rotor Generator for a Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine
PublikacjaCoaxial counter-rotating propellers have been widely applied in ships and helicopters for improving the propulsion efficiency and offsetting system reactive torques. Lately, the counter-rotating concept has been introduced into the wind turbine design. Distributed wind power generation systems often require a novel approach in generator design. In this paper, prototype development of axial-flux generator with a counter-rotating...
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Perforating systems in shale gas recovery
PublikacjaHydraulic fracturing is common method of shale gas recovery. Due to environmental, economical and technological problems many alternative technologies have been developed. One of the most promising group of technologies is based on perforating systems. This paper describes theoretical and practical aspects of best known technologies used to create perforations. New perforating/fracturing technologies which can replace hydraulic fracturing...
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A novel concept of negative CO2 emission power plant for utilization of sewage sludge
PublikacjaCarbon Capture and Storage (CSS) technology is considered an important “bridge technology”, allowing effective abatement of CO2 emissions for power units using fossil fuels. However, if biomass is used in a power plant, equipped with CCS system, negative CO2 emissions can be achieved. In practice, wide development of such technologies would enable not only reduction of CO2 emissions, but also reversal of the harm done so far. In...