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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: microextraction techniques
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Ionic liquids-based microextraction techniques
PublikacjaIn recent years, the development of highly efficient analytical techniques is of great importance, however, the direct analysis of complex sample matrix is still impossible in many cases. Therefore, the step of sample preparation is commonly involved in an analytical procedure. Over the years, it has been realized that the major source of inaccuracy and imprecision on general analysis results from the operations associated to sample...
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Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques–A review
PublikacjaOver the past decade, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been widely studied and applied in sample preparation techniques. Until recently, most of the synthesized DES were hydrophilic, which prevented their use in the extraction of aqueous samples. However, after 2015 studies on the synthesis and application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) has rapidly expanded. Due to unique properties of HDES i.e. density, viscosity,...
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Sorbents modified by deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques
PublikacjaIn recent years, considerable attention has been directed towards the employment of green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents (DES), in liquid phase microextraction techniques. However, comprehensive and organized knowledge regarding the modification of sorbent surface structures with DES remains limited. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of DES in modifying and improving the properties of sorbents for microextraction...
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Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques
PublikacjaDetermination of analytes at trace levels in complex samples (e.g. biological or contaminated water or soils) are often required for the environmental assessment and monitoring as well as for scientific research in the field of environmental pollution. A limited number of analytical techniques are sensitive enough for the direct determination of trace components in samples and, because of that, a preliminary step of the analyte...
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Ionic liquids in the microextraction techniques: the influence of ILs structure and properties
PublikacjaIonic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of ions thus they possess unique properties, including negligible volatility, a liquid state in a broad range of temperatures and ability to change them depending on the chosen type of anion and cation, which make ILs unique and useful for many applications in sample preparation techniques. A deeper understanding of the nature of ILs and the impact of their structure on their parameters...
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Combined extraction and microextraction techniques: Recent trends and future perspectives
PublikacjaThe latest advancements in the analytical sample preparation indicate a trend of combining different extraction techniques with targeting an improvement in separation, cleanup, detection limits, enrichment factors, and dealing with complex matrices. This manuscript identifies mainly two groups of combined sample preparation techniques. The first group integrates conventional or enhanced extraction techniques with microextraction....
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Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives
PublikacjaIonic liquids (ILs) with their unique properties found so far numerous analytical applications. Among them ILs both in their liquid form and immobilized on the surface or within the pores of a solid support were successfully utilized in microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summarizing of available literature data on selected properties of ILs playing a key role in analytical purposes,...
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Microextraction by packed sorbent: Uncommon detection techniques, sorbents, samples and analytes
PublikacjaAmong sample preparation approaches, the most desirable are procedures that ensure high efficiency and reproducibility, that are cheap, fast and simple, that minimize the number of operational steps and that require a small amount of sample and solvent and are thus environmentally friendly. Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a miniaturized form of solid-phase extraction, the use of which has been continuously expanding...
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Microextraction Techniques Used in the Procedures for Determining Organomercury and Organotin Compounds in Environmental Samples
PublikacjaDue to human activities, the concentrations of organometallic compounds in all parts of the environment have increased in recent decades. The toxicity and some biochemical properties of mercury and tin present in the environment depend on the concentration and chemical form of these two elements. The ever-increasing demand for determining compounds at very low concentration levels in samples with complex matrices requires...
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Microextraction Techniques Used in the Procedures for Determining Organomercury and Organotin Compounds in Environmental Samples
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Application of Microextraction Techniques Including SPME and MESI to the Thermal Degradation of Polymers: A Review
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Recent developments and future trends in solid phase microextraction techniques towards green analytical chemistry
PublikacjaSolid phase microextraction find increasing applications in the sample preparation step before chromatographic determination of analytes in samples with a complex composition. These techniques allow for integrating several operations, such as sample collection, extraction, analyte enrichment above the detection limit of a given measuring instrument and the isolation of analytes from sample matrix. In this work the information about...
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Developments in ultrasound-assisted microextraction techniques for isolation and preconcentration of organic analytes from aqueous samples
PublikacjaThe great potential of ultrasonic assistance in sample preparation, especially extraction, is being recognized. In this review, we discuss the applications of ultrasonic radiation in assisting microextraction. Topics covered include ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted-emulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with...
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Understainding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique
PublikacjaAnalytical chemists are faced with the daunting challenges of accurately monitoring the state of the environment and the processes taking place in it and of determining an enormous range of analytes often present in trace and ultratrace amounts in sample matrixes with complex or variable compositions. Further challenges are presented by the need to introduce new methodologies into current analytical practice and equipment to comply...
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Porous material-based sorbent coatings in Solid-phase microextraction technique: Recent trends and future perspectives
PublikacjaThe use of porous materials as sorbents in sample preparation techniques has gained recent scientific attention in the context of developing novel fibers for the Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. SPME requires the appropriate selection of a robust sorbent for successful utilization under variable conditions. A deeper understanding of the nature of newly developed porous SPME coatings and the impact of their structures...
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Comparison of two novel in-syringe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques for the determination of iodide in water samples using spectrophotometry
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Deep Eutectic Solvent Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction: A Rapid Microextraction Technique for the Determination of Vitamin D3 by Spectrophotometry
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Headspace Solvent Microextraction
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Novel sorptive extraction techniques in bioanalysis evaluated by Blue Applicability Grade Index: The paradigm of fabric phase sorptive extraction and capsule phase microextraction
PublikacjaFabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) and capsule phase microextraction (CPME) are two sol-gel derived microextraction techniques that emerged in the last decade towards the minimization of the environmental impact of conventional sample preparation approaches. Complementary to the well-established green metric tools, Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was recently proposed for the evaluation of method’s practicability. In...
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Liquid–phase microextraction: A review of reviews
PublikacjaSample preparation is an important step in chemical analysis. It is generally done to deal with problems associated with the nature of the matrix, low analyte concentrations in real samples or analyte features incompatible with the instrumentation. Classical methods of extraction consume large volumes of hazardous solvents and other reagents and are not in line with the recent emergence of green analytical chemistry. Liquid-phase...
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Multi-objective optimization of microextraction procedures
PublikacjaOptimization of extraction process requiresfinding acceptable conditions for many analytes and goodperformance in terms of process time or solvent consumption. These optimization criteria are oftencontradictory to each other, the performance of the system in given conditions is good for some criteriabut poor for others. Therefore, such problems require special assessment tools that allow to combinethese contradictory criteria into...
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Principles and Developments of Solid-Phase Microextraction
PublikacjaSample preparation has been commonly considered a critical step of the analytical process. In this sense, remarkable efforts have been made to develop efficient sample preparation techniques which could overcome the limitations of conventional approaches. Since its inception in the early 1990’s, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has become a widespread miniaturized sample preparation technique for extraction and preconcentration...
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Miniaturized solid phase microextratcion
PublikacjaWithout any doubt analytical laboratories have an essential role in environmental protection due to the fact that they takes an active part in the monitoring pollutants present in air, water or soil. From the other side, the analytical activity is involved in the generation of toxic waste what is associated with the use of not eco-friendly reagents and solvents. For these reasons, green analytical chemistry (GAC) was introduced...
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Multi-Technique Investigation of Grave Robes from 17th and 18th Century Crypts Using Combined Spectroscopic, Spectrometric Techniques, and New-Generation Sequencing
PublikacjaThe textile fragments of the funeral clothes found in the 17th and 18th century crypts were subjected to spectroscopic, spectrometric, and microbial investigation. The next-generation sequencing enabled DNA identification of microorganisms at the genus and in five cases to the species level. The soft hydrofluoric acid extraction method was optimized to isolate different classes of dyes from samples that had direct contact with...
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Application of additional factors supporting the microextraction process
PublikacjaDue to the fact that green analytical chemistry is of high importance, the past two decades have witnessed a rapid growth in the sample preparation area with special emphasis on simplification, miniaturization and automation of extraction procedures. In addition, to accelerate the extraction processes and to improve the separation of analytes, several enhanced parameters are applied. These factors include, ultrasounds, microwaves,...
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Comparison of Headspace-Single Drop Microextraction and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Benzene in Juice Drinks Containing Vitamin C
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Comparison of Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction, Headspace Single-drop Microextraction and Hydrodistillation for Chemical Screening of Volatiles in Myrtus Communis L
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Opportunities and shortcomings of ionic liquids in single-drop microextraction
PublikacjaThe synergistic combination of ionic liquids (ILs) and single-drop microextraction (SDME) involves a powerful coupling toward the development of sustainable analytical methodologies. This overview provides a survey of the literature regarding the IL-SDME, including a database on relevant physicochemical properties of ILs for their application in SDME, the strategies implemented to combine IL-based SDME methods efficiently with...
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Solid phase microextraction: state of the art, opportunities and applications
PublikacjaSolid phase microextraction is one of the most popular green techniques used for sample preparations in analytical chemistry. It is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free technique. Since SPME was first introduced in the early 1990s, there has been an intensification of research in order to elaborate new methodical solutions in many research facilities around the world, which could increase the use of this technique. More...
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Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application.
Publikacjahe primary objective of this review article is to strategically screen and highlight the advancements in the area of solid phase microextraction (SPME). The plenty of review articles have been written on different aspects of SPME, this review is dedicated to provide the brief but clear overview of the research footprints so produced from SPME. Some of the key advancements in types and designs, coating materials, coating strategies,...
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Application of In-Syringe Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Narrow-Bore Tube Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Trace Amounts of BTEX in Water Samples
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Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre catings
PublikacjaThis critical review presents information on known and innovative approaches to the manufacture of fibre coatings used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The properties, advantages and drawbacks of the different types of commercially available SPME fibre coatings are discussed in detail, as are those of novel types of coatings and the methodologies of their preparation. The applications of fibre coatings in the solid-phase...
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Membrane Solid Phase Microextraction - a new concept of sorbent preparation
PublikacjaOpracowano nowy układ sorpcyjny do izolacji i/lub wzbogacania polarnych analitów organicznych z próbek wody z zastosowaniem techniki solid phase microextraction (SPME). Układ bazuje na oddzieleniu sorbentu polarnego od próbki za pomocą membrany hydrofobowej. Próbnik membrane-SPME (M-SPME) sporządzono z zastosowaniem polietylenoglikolu (PEG)o masie cząsteczkowej 20 kDa. Polimer ten jest rozpuszczalny w wodzie i w typowych warunkach...
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Modern solutions in the field of microextraction using liquid as a medium of extraction
PublikacjaThe monitoring of compounds present in samples at trace/ultra-trace level usually requires a preliminary step of isolation and/or enrichment of analytes. Against, sample preparation is considered as crucial part of whole analytical procedures, in particular in samples characterized by complex matrices composition. Several new miniaturized extraction techniques is introduced and extensively applied to different type of samples....
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Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Inorganic Ions: Applications and Possibilities
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Porous, High Capacity Coatings for Solid Phase Microextraction by Sputtering
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Test Execution Logging and Visualization Techniques
PublikacjaTraditionally, log traces of test cases ex ecution are stored in textual format and their analysis is done in a post- execution phase. Our approach bases on the concept of gr aphical presentation of te st execution which enables better analysis of log traces and also gives the opportunity to consider them on-line. In particular, we discuss the graphical symbols we chose, we pres ent the logging interface we defined a nd describe...
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DSP techniques for determining ''Wow'' distortions
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia opis algorytmów do wyznaczania charakterystyki zniekształceń kołysania dźwięku. Są to algorytmy: śledzenia przydźwięku sieciowego, śledzenia pozostałości magnetycznej prądu podkładu wielkich częstotliwości, adaptacyjnej analizy środka ciężkości widma dla wybranej części zniekształconego sygnału. Przedstawione algorytmy pozwalają na implementację programową i sprzętową.
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Music information analysis and retrieval techniques
PublikacjaCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych zagadnień gwałtownie rozwijającej się gałęzi multimediów, reprezentowanej przez systemy automatycznego wyszukiwania informacji muzycznej MIR - Music Information Retrieval, która urasta do samodzielnej dziedziny zastosowań w obrębie informatyki muzycznej. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane systemy wyszukiwania informacji muzycznej oraz przedstawiono przykład takiego systemu, zrealizowanego...
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Application of ionic liquids in chromatographic techniques
PublikacjaCiecze jonowe (ang. Ionic Liquids, ILs) z uwagi na swoje unikalne właściwości fizyko – chemiczne oraz możliwość prostej modyfikacji budowy, w znacznym stopniu przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik rozdzielania. W chromatografii gazowej fazy stacjonarne w postaci cieczy jonowych stanowią istotne uzupełnienie istniejących faz stacjonarnych na bazie polisiloksanów i glikolu polietylenowego. Ze względu na wysoką stabilność termiczną...
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Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques
PublikacjaMore than 80% of analysis time is spent on sample collection and sample preparation, so sample preparation is a critical part of the analytical process. Traditionally, liquid-liquid extraction was developed and employed to screen for general unknowns. However, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is becoming highly popular as an alternative, due to its simplicity and economy in terms of time and solvent. This review summarizes the current...
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Integration of speech enhancement and coding techniques
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Malware - a survey on threats and mitigation techniques
PublikacjaThis paper presents up-to-date knowledge related to malware – malicious software. Firstly the definitions are presented and discussed briefly. Next, the paper presents a bit of motivation along with the malware fighting objectives. Malware poses an emerging threat in accordance to smart grids in general and advanced metering infrastructure in particular. The discussion is then directed towards known taxonomy along with a new proposal...
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Detection of gaseous compounds with different techniques
PublikacjaSensing technology has been developed for detection of gases in some environmental, industrial, medical, and scientific applications. The main tasks of these works is to enhance performance of gas sensors taking into account their different applicability and scenarios of operation. This paper presents the descriptions, comparison and recent progress in some existing gas sensing technologies. Detailed introduction to optical sensing...
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Genotyping Techniques for Determining the Diversity of Microorganisms
PublikacjaTyping of microbial pathogens, or identifying bacteria at the strain level, is particularly important for diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological surveillance of bacterial infections. This is especially the case for bacteria exhibiting high levels of antibiotic resistance or virulence, and those involved in nosocomial or pandemic infections. Strain typing also has applications in studying bacterial population dynamics. The part...
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Measurement techniques of tailored optical fibers
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Applications of soft modelling and intelligent techniques
PublikacjaW edytorialu omówiono szeroko obecne praktyczne zastosowania modelowania miękkiego oraz technik inteligentnych, rozumianych jako takie techniki, które potrafią wspomagać podejmowanie decyzji w zmiennych warunkach otoczenia.
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DSP techniques in wow defect evaluation
PublikacjaReferat przedstawia dwie metody określania przebiegu pasożytniczego drżenia dźwięku. Obie wykorzystują analizę pasożytniczych artefaktów. Wybrane artefakty to: przydźwięk sieciowy i wysokoczęstotliwościowy prąd podkładu. Precyzyjny przebieg zniekształcenia kołysania oblicza się wykorzystując informacje zawarte w widmie sygnałów, a uzyskane poprzez STFT lub modelowanie AR. Referat zawiera opis eksperymentów i uzyskane wyniki.
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Advances in macromodeling technique
PublikacjaThe paper discuses recent advances in the finite differencetime domain method employing macromodels. New techniquesfor creating irregularly shaped macromodels, grouping ofmacromodels and advanced macromodel cloning are introduced.The last technique is particularly important for efficient analysisof the structures based on Photonic Crystals (PhC). The methodallows one to shorten considerably the preprocessing time, theRAM usage...
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Recent developments in the determination of residual solvents in pharmaceutical products by microextraction methods
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