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Search results for: SLUDGE
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Determination of the Self-Ignition Behavior of the Accumulation of Sludge Dust and Sludge Pellets from the Sewage Sludge Thermal Drying Station
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Potential fertilizing properties of sewage sludge treated in the Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRB)
PublicationIn research the fertilizer value of sludge from reed beds is evaluated based on the sampling sludge on different depths from 4 Danish STRB after long periods of stabilization. The dewatering efficiency of sewage sludge in the STRB is comparable to mechanical dewatering. The long-term stabilization of sewage sludge progressively decreases the concentration of organic matter due to the process of humification. The aim of the work...
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Sewage sludge pretreatment by low thermal disintegration for better efficacy of sludge digestion process
PublicationThe wastewater water treatment plant (WWTP) sector and it is developing technologies strive to be implement circular economy. The methane production from the sludge digestion process constitute promising source of the renewable energy for WWTP and approaching circular economy assumptions. For this reason, the objective of the study was to examine the modification of sludge characteristics due to the low temperature pretreatment....
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Activated Sludge Process Development
PublicationThis paper summarizes the most significant steps in the activated sludge process development and recognizes key contributors. Recognition of the roles of oxygen and living organisms was the first step (1882-1914). Ardern and Lockett (1914) named the accumulated olids "activated sludge". The process was rapidly accepted and applied in the period 1914-1930. The most dramatic changes in the activated sludge process understanding and...
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Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) as a Eco-solution of Sludge Utilization for Local Wastewater Treatment Plants
PublicationSewage sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment processes. In Poland, the amout of sewage sludge has been still growing in recent years, due to inhencement of pollutants removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). One of the systems used to transform sewage sludge into fertilizer is a technology called Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs). Reed systems are periodically irrigated with sewage sludge with a low dry matter...
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The legal regulations of sewage sludge management
PublicationThe growing quantity of sludge, high costs of the altered version, as well as new legal adjustments needs more and more higher qualitative requirements, the necessity of search in sludge economy and new solutions. The paper contributes to the discusion about legal ways of sewage sludge managemant.
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Characterization of the fate of lipids in activated sludge
PublicationPrzeprowadzono doświadczenie wykazujące transformację lipidów w aerobowych warunkach osadu czynnego. Wykazano, że całkowitej, początkowej zawartości lipidów (2000 mg/l) nie udało się obniżyć do wartości niższej niż 300 mg/l. Jednakże, zawartość poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych uległa drastycznym zmianom, zarówno spadkowi, jak i wzrostowi podczas wszystkich faz wzrostu mikrobiologicznego. Obserwowane zmiany zawartości indywidualnych...
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Application of microwaves for sewage sludge conditioning
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy wpływu promieniowania mikrofalowego na odwadnianie osadów ściekowych. Przeprowadzono pomiary parametrów charakteryzujących podatność osadów ściekowych na odwadnianie: opór właściwy, czas ssania kapilarnego oraz zawartość suchej masy w osadzie po odwirowaniu. Stwierdzono poprawę odwadnialności osadów kondycjonowanych promieniowaniem mikrofalowym, zależną ilościowo od rodzaju preparowanych osadów. Zastosowanie podwójnego...
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Biodegradation of organic compounds by activated sludge
PublicationBadano biodegradalność pestycydów zawartych w ściekach z zakładów syntezy organicznej przez osad czynny z oczyszczalni komunalnej i przemysłowej. Zbadano również odporność mikroorganizmów osadu czynnego na syntetyczne związki organiczne zawarte w ściekach farmaceutycznych. W trakcie badań prowadzona była kontrola mikroskopowa osadu czynnego. Badania prowadzone były na modelu laboratoryjnym oczyszczalni ścieków. Największą odporność...
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The effect of surfactants on activated sludge process
PublicationBadano wpływ anionowego surfaktantu (SDBS) na proces biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków metoda osadu czynnego. Stwierdzono, że stężenie SDBS powyżej 50 mg/l miało wyraźny wpływ na przemiany związków azotu i fosforu w czasie oczyszczania ścieków. Wpływ badanego związku na usuwanie związków organicznych (wyrażonych jako ChZT) był mniej wyraźny.
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Determination of metal content in sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash to find opportunities to use them in the construction industry
PublicationSewage sludge management is becoming an increasing problem in developed and developing countries. Due to their physicochemical properties (mainly high content of heavy metals) a safe method of utilization is sought. Considering environmental protection, energy recycling, reduction in use of the raw materials and the possibility of immobilization hazardous substances, the use of ashes in building materials becomes a very good way...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublicationThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublicationThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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The Hydrolysis of Slowly Biodegradable Substrate in Activated Sludge
PublicationIn a present work a novel procedure, based on the standard batch tests and pretreatment of wastewater sample with coagulation-flocculation method, was proposed to evaluate the effects of hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable substrate (Xs) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes in activated sludge systems. The study was conducted at two large BNR wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in northern Poland: "Wschod" in Gdansk and...
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Effect of sewage sludge properties on the biochar characteristic
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The effect of sludge thermal disintegration on quality of effluents
PublicationDezintegracja osadów ściekowych prowadzona jest w celach intensyfikacji procesu fermentacji metanowej oraz poprawy odwadnialności osadów ściekowych. Przedstawiono zmiany jakości cieczy nadosadowej osadów ściekowych poddanych procesowi termicznej dezintegracji. Określono zmiany wartości chemicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen oraz stężenia azotu amonowego, białka, fosforanów oraz lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych.
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Experiences with utilisation of sewage sludge in reed beds
PublicationHydrofitowa metoda utylizacji osadów ściekowych polega na stosowaniu wielowarstwowych nawodnień osadami o niskiej zawartości suchej masy najczęściej w złożach tzrcinowych. W metodzie tej odwadnianie spowodowane jest odciekaniem wód oraz ewapotransiracją. Osady ściekowe w złożach trzcinowych ulegaja częściowej stabilizacji i higienizacji. Złoża trzcinowe zapewniają wysoki stopień odwodnienia osadów.
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Agricultural utilisation of municipal sludge in willow plantation
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Dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublicationRegulatory do nadążania za trajektorią referencyjną stężenia tlenu w komorze reaktora biologicznego są proponowane i badane. W artykule badany jest nieliniowy regulator predykcyjny oraz regulator adaptacyjny z modelem referencyjnym. Uwzględniono zarówno usuwanie ze ścieków pożywki oraz fosforu za pomocą technologii osadu czynnego. Podejście do projektowania regulatora wykorzystuje strukturę dynamiki rozpuszczonego tlenu i jej dwie...
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The effect of sulphonamides on activated sludge dehydrogenase activity
PublicationBadano wpływ wybranych sulfonamidów (sulfanilamidu SA, sulfacetamidu SCM oraz p-toluenosulfonamidu p-TSA) na aktywność dehydrogenz osadu czynnego w zakresie stężeń od 10 do 100 mg/l. Aktywność dehydrogenaz badano przy pomocy testu TTC. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie badane związki mają wyraźny wpływ na obniżenie aktywności dehydrogenaz osadu czynnego. Aktywność ta była najmocniej inhibitowana przez p-TSA.
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Dewatering of Sewage Sludge Dewatering in Reed Systems
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Analytical and legislative challenges of sewage sludge processing and management
PublicationThis article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and analytical techniques which could be a powerful tool in designing new sewage sludge management methods. Chemical analysis is also described as a vital point at the subsequent stages of technological processes control and sewage sludge quality assessment. It is also an instrument essential to maintaining control of processed sewage sludge introduced to...
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The potential of raw sewage sludge in construction industry – A review
PublicationExcess sewage sludge produced in any municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant becomes a serious problem due to its increasing amount. This increase is related to the improvement of treatment technologies, expansion of sewage systems and the development of new industrial plants. The implementation and development of new technologies related to the utilization of sewage sludge is currently based on treating it as a substrate....
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Influence of sludge treatment processes on heavy metal speciation
PublicationSludge composition is depending on sewage quality and also affected by processing methods such as thickening, stabilization and dewatering. During those processes some of sludge's undesirable properties might be reduced or enhanced.The objective of the study is the assessment of the influence of sludge processing on selected heavy metals partitioning between phases (aqueous and particle) and sludge. Sludge from the WWTP in Gdansk...
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Operation of reed systems used to stabilization of sewage sludge
PublicationThe aim of this research was to determine the parameters of property operation of reed systems. It was also checked the possibility to use sludge in agriculture for the sake of heavy metal concentrations.The research was conducted in four Danish objects utilized sludge located in Helsinge, Vallo, Rudkobing and Nakskov near Copenhagen.It was found that correct operation of reed basins requires the determination of optimal doses...
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Polish experience in operation of sludge treatment reed beds
PublicationSludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) is the technology of sludge treatment, which is based on natural processes occurring in the environment, in specially designed and operated facilities to achieve benefits for the environment. Integrated dewatering and stabilization occur in reed systems. For economic and environmental reasons it is an attractive solution, especially in rural areas where there are no appropriate facilities. In...
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The concept of sewage-sludge management system for an individual household
PublicationThe individual farms at the rural areas often face problems with domestic sewage collection and treatment. In many cases building of sewerage systems and central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) brings too high costs, due to high distances from one farm to another and terrain configuration. Treatment wetlands for individual farms can solve this problem. In the article, an overview of individual treatment wetlands in Europe and...
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Modeling of entrained flow steam gasification of sewage sludge
PublicationProper management of sewage sludge becomes increasingly problematic due to legal requirements aiming at diminishing environmental impact, as well as rationalizing the utilization from the point of view of logistics. Steam gasification of sewage sludge can result in very good quality of the producer gas. So far, the works have been focused on the gasification in fixed bed gasifiers. However, this does not allow to take full advantage...
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Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublicationA hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to...
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Modeling organic nitrogen conversions in activated sludge bioreactors
PublicationFor biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems designed to maximize nitrogen removal, the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration may range from 2.0 to 4.0 g N/m3 with about 25-50% in the form of organic nitrogen (ON). In this study, current approaches to modeling organic N conversions (separate processes vs. constant contents of organic fractions) were compared. A new conceptual model of ON conversions was developed and combined...
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The improvement and evaluation methods of settling properties of activated sludge
PublicationW biologicznych oczyszczalniach ścieków często pojawiają się problemy z sedymentacją osadu czynnego. Złe właściwości sedymentacyjne osadu często powodowane są nadmiernym rozwojem bakterii nitkowatych. W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję poprawy właściwości sedymentacyjnych osadu czynnego, opartą na kontroli parametrów pracy reaktorów SBR - temperatury, stężenia tlenu oraz czasu opadania osadu w komorze.
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Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems
PublicationPrzegląd systemów osadu czynnego. Rozwój modeli procesu osadu czynnego. Podstawowe definicje z zakresu modelowania matematycznego i symulacji komputerowej. Proces budowy modelu (model biokinetyczny, hydrodynamiczny, transferu tlenu, temperatury). Modelowanie procesów biochemicznych zachodzących w systemach osadu czynnego. Organizacja badań symulacyjnych. Praktyczne zastosowania modeli osadu czynnego.
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Modeling organic nitrogen conversions in activated sludge bioreactors
PublicationOpracowano model przemian azotu organicznego (Norg)jako rozszerzenie Modelu Osadu Czynnego Nr 2d (ASM2d). Nowy model zawiera trzy frakcje Norg: rozpuszczoą, koloidalną i zawesinową. Każda frakcja została podzielona na dwie podfrakcje - rozkładalną i nierozkładalną. Model został zweryfikowany w oparciu o wyniki badań eksperymentalnych w oczyszczalni ścieków Gdańsk-Wschód.
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Biodetoriation of Mater_Bi Y Class in compost with sewage sludge.
PublicationPrzedmiotem badań była mieszanina skrobi termoplastycznej z pochodną celulozy produkowana przez firmę Novamont pod nazwą handlową Mater Bi Y. Próbki o wymiarach 1,7 x 8 X 0,1 cm umieszczano w kompoście naturalnym z oczyszczalni ścieków w Gdyni. Badania po 4-ch miesiącach wykazały 96% ubytku wagi, co oznacza powolniejszą degradację w porównaniu do testów standardowych stosowanych przez firmę Novamont.
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Temperature modeling in activated sludge systems: a case study
PublicationPrzedstawiono model dynamiki temperatury jako część ogólnego modelu komory osadu czynnego. Transport ciepła opisano za pomocą jednowymiarowego równania adwekcyjno-dyspersyjnego z członem źródłowym opisującym teoretyczny bilans ciepła dla komory. Model został zweryfikowany w oczyszczalni ścieków Rock Creek w stanie Oregon (USA) w oparciu o dane eksploatacyjne oraz pomiary meteorologiczne z pobliskiej stacji meteorologicznej. Wyniki...
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Determination of toluene formed during fermentation of sewage sludge
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznaczeń toluenu w próbkach osadów ściekowych przy wykorzystaniu techniki wypłukiwania i jednoczesnego wychwytywania analitów (PT). Badania procesu feremntacji osadów ściekowych doprowadziły do stwierdzenia, że w trakcie tego procesu powstaje toluen. Stwierdzono wzrost stężenia toluenu od poziomu 3 mg/l do ponad 24 mg/l dla próbek osadów ściekowych z Oczyszczalni Gdańsk -Wschód oraz od poziomu 0,6 mg/l...
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Effect of neoteric solvents on the activated sewage sludge activity
PublicationCiecze jonowe (ILs) cieszą sie rosnącym zainteresowaniem z uwagi na fakt, iż znajdują coraz więcej zastosowań jako alternatywa dla rozpuszczalników organicznych. W związku z zaistnieniem możliwości zastosowania ILs w nowych czystych technologiach nastała potrzeba zbadania ich toksyczności w stosunku do organizmów żywych i środowiska. Celem badań było oszacowanie wpływu cieczy jonowych na wyselekcjonowane mikroorganizmy osadu czynnego....
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Anaerobic co-digestion of white cabbage and sewage sludge
PublicationPrzedstawiono badania nad możliwością redukcji biomasy kapusty białej w procesie mezofilowej ko-fermentacji z przefermentowanym osadem ściekowym w procesie jednostopniowej fermentacji. Wykazano, że biomasę kapusty białej można poddać ko-fermentacji z osadem ściekowym przy obciążeniu komory fermentacyjnej na poziomie 1,87 kg smo m-3d-1. Zaobserwowano, że w wyniku fermentacji metanowej wsadu można uzyskać biogaz o średnim składzie...
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Synergism of floated paperboard sludge cake /sewage sludge for maximizing biomethane yield and biochar recovery from digestate: A step towards circular economy
PublicationAnaerobic digestion of floated paperboard sludge (PS) cake suffers from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation, nutrient unbalanced condition, and generation of digestate with a risk of secondary pollution. To overcome these drawbacks, sewage sludge (SS) was added to PS cake for biogas recovery improvement under a co-digestion process followed by the thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate for biochar production. Batch...
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Chracteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation initated by anaerobic granular sludge
PublicationTwo different mixed sludge, anaerobic granular sludge(Ｒ1) and anaerobic granular sludge with mature anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) sludge (Ｒ2 )were used as the inocula in two up-flow reactors to enrich anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB)，respectively．The total nitrogen removal rate of Ｒ1 reached 74% in 99 days, while Ｒ2 remained above 70% in only 48 days．The content of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in...
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Review of sewage sludge management: standards, regulations and analytical methods
PublicationThis article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and associated unit operations and processes referring to them. The most popular methods are: Reclamation and adaptation of lands to specific needs; plant cultivation not intended for consumption or for production of food; usage in agriculture; usage in building; recovery of phosphorus, rare earth metals or fats and usage in industry; producing combustible...
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Soil and groundwater contamination as a result of sewage sludge land application
PublicationThe leaching of chemical compounds (N-NO3, N-NH4, Norg, P-PO4, Ptot) and trace elements (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb) from sewage sludge and their migration through the soil profile was the subject of the study. The column experiments were carried out under atmospheric conditions corresponding to naturally occurring storm events - sewage sludge amended soil was irrigated with high rates of water. The column filter media used in...
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The quality of sewage sludge stabilized for a long time in reed basins
PublicationThe aim of the work was to determine changes of long-term sewage sludge quality stabilized in reed basins from 7-15 years. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter and organic matter concentration, nitrogen, phosphorus, and selected heavy metal (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) fractions. The material for the investigations was collected from 4 reed basin systems (utilisated sewage sludge) located in conventional WWTPs in Denmark...
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Evidence of mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin in wastewater and activated sludge
PublicationThe occurrence of clarithromycin in wastewater samples and of the activated sludge bacteria possibly resistant to this pharmaceutical was the object of the study. Samples of wastewater or activated sludge were taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in summer and winter and characterised regarding their clarithromycin concentrations and the presence of nucleic acid fragments (Cla-sequences) known to be responsible for...
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Manufacturing of Lightweight Aggregates as an Auspicious Method of Sewage Sludge Utilization
Publication: Sewage sludge is a high-volume and low-cost waste commonly generated worldwide, so its utilization is a vital issue. The application of this waste in the manufacturing of lightweight aggregates was investigated. The process was performed using intensive mixers with volumes of 5 and 30 L, as well as the industrial 500 L mixer. Then, granulates were sintered in a tube furnace. The influence of composition and mixer size on the...
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The use of mathematical models for diagnosis of activated sludge systems in WWTP
PublicationIn this study diagnosis of activated sludge systems in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Diagnosis of technical objects can be realized in many ways. One of the divisions of the diagnostic methods include modelling with or without a model of the object. The first of these is the analysis of the symptoms for which, based on the parameter values, the abnormality in the diagnosed objects are sought. Another way is...
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Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of activated sludge systems.Second edition
PublicationMathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition, provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and an overview...
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The newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands in sewage sludge management
PublicationIn the paper the newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands conducted by re-searchers of Civil and Environmental Faculty are presented. Among others it was proved that this technology could be successfully implemented for highly polluted wastewater treatment. Within the research project two multistage treatment wetlands, one for landfill leachate and the second for reject water from digested sewage sludge centrifugation,...
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Nonlinear fuzzy control of the dissolved oxygen in activated sludge processes
PublicationWastewater treatment plant is generally a complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear large scale industrial system. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. The dissolved oxygen tracking problem is one of the most complex and fundamental issues of biological processes. Air for the aerated tanks is supplied by aeration system (blowers, pipes, diffusers). It is a complex dynamic system. The new control...
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The process generation of WWTP models for optimization of activated sludge systems
PublicationThe objective of water and wastewater utilities, which are responsible for optimization of wastewater treatment plant operation, is threefold: environmental protection, saving money, and mitigation of pollutant emissions, both to water and air. The performed study aimed to assess the process generation of WWTP models that improve activated sludge systems operation, by means of new developed Mantis2 model. This model accounts for...