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Search results for: wave function
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An Analysis of Probe-Fed Rectangular Patch Antennas With Multilayer and Multipatch Configurations on Cylindrical Surfaces
PublicationA multi-patch configuration of probe-fed rectangular microstrip antennas mounted on a cylindrical body, with electrically small radius, with an arbitrary number of substrate and superstrate layers is investigated in this paper. A full-wave analysis and a moment-method calculation are employed. A unified procedure for creating proper matrices for the investigated geometry of the structure is outlined here. Numerical results for...
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Efficient quadrature for fast oscillating integralof paraxial optics
PublicationThe study concerns the determination of quadrature for the integral solutionof the paraxial wave equation. The difficulty in computation of the integral isassociated with the rapid change of the integrand phase. The developed quadraturetakes into account the fast oscillating character of the integrand. The presentedmethod is an alternative to the commonly used methods based on the use of theFourier transform. The determination...
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Experimental and numerical investigations for GPR evaluation of reinforced concrete footbridge
PublicationThe GPR method has increasingly found application in non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures. This paper presents the new approach of modelling of the electromagnetic wave propagation for reinforced concrete structures with a complex system of the reinforcement. Simulations of the GPR field were performed on a three-dimensional model of a footbridge using the FDTD method. Numerical maps were compared with results...
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Doppler effect in the CW FM sonar
PublicationWhen sonars are used for military purposes they have to ensure unobtrusive operation, a feature that can be potentially secured by 'silent sonar' or continuous wave frequency modulation sonars (CW FM sonars). The article presents how these sonars operate and identifies the relations between their parameters. The Doppler effect and its impact on the CW FM sonar are studied to identify how it affects the sonar's parameters. The results...
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Silent Sonar with matched filtration
PublicationRadars with continuous wave frequency (CW FM sonars) are used in radiolocation as 'silent sonars'. They determine the distance to target by measuring the difference between the frequency of the sounding signal and echo signal. The article presents the principle of operation and parameters of silent CW FM sonars. Target distance determined by these sonars is based on the signal at the output of the matched filter. The Doppler effect...
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Field-induced suppression of charge density wave in GdNiC2
PublicationWe report the specific heat, magnetic, magnetotransport, and galvanomagnetic properties of polycrystalline GdNiC 2 . In the intermediate temperature region above T N = 20 K, we observe large negative magnetoresistance due to Zeeman splitting of the electronic bands and partial destruction of a charge density wave ground state. Our magnetoresistance and Hall measurements show that at low temperatures a magnetic field-induced transformation from...
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On possible applications of media described by fractional-order models in electromagnetic cloaking
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to open a scientific discussion on possible applications of media described by fractional-order (FO) models (FOMs) in electromagnetic cloaking. A 2-D cloak based on active sources and the surface equivalence theorem is simulated. It employs a medium described by FOM in communication with sources cancelling the scattered field. A perfect electromagnetic active cloak is thereby demonstrated with the use...
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Wideband High-Gain Low-Profile Series-Fed Antenna Integrated with Optimized Metamaterials for 5G millimeter Wave Applications
PublicationThis paper presents a series-fed four-dipole antenna with a broad bandwidth, high gain, and compact size for 5G millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications. The single dipole antenna provides a maximum gain of 6.2 dBi within its operational bandwidth, which ranges from 25.2 to 32.8 GHz. The proposed approach to enhance both gain and bandwidth involves a series-fed antenna design. It comprises four dipoles with varying lengths, and a...
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3D Metamaterial Ultra-Wideband Absorber for curved surface
PublicationThis paper proposes a three-dimensional metamaterial absorber based on a resistive film patch array to develop a low-cost, lightweight absorber for curved surfaces. An excellent absorption over a large frequency band is achieved through two different yet controllable mechanisms; In the first mechanism, a considerable attenuation in the wave power is achieved via graphite resistive films. The absorption is then intensified through...
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High Resolution Sea Ice Floe Size and Shape Data from Knox Coast, East Antarctica
PublicationThis dataset contains floe size distribution data from a very high resolution (pixel size: 0.3 m) optical satellite image of sea ice, acquired on 16 Feb. 2019 off the Knox Coast (East Antarctica). The image shows relatively small ice floes produced by wave-induced breakup of landfast ice between Mill Island and Bowman Island. The ice floes are characterised by a narrow size distribution and angular, polygonal shapes, typical...
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Comparison of anti-plane surface waves in strain-gradient materials and materials with surface stresses
PublicationHere we discuss the similarities and differences in anti-plane surface wave propagation in an elastic half-space within the framework of the theories of Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity and Toupin–Mindlin strain-gradient elasticity. The qualitative behaviour of the dispersion curves and the decay of the obtained solutions are quite similar. On the other hand, we show that the solutions relating to the surface elasticity model...
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Application of wavelet transform in analysis of guided wave propagation signals for damage detection in a steel plate
PublicationThe paper presents results of experimental investigations on damage detection using guided wave propagation technique. The tested specimen was a steel plate with a defect in the form of a rectangular notch. Lamb waves were excited by a PZT actuator and sensed by a laser vibrometer. Since reflections from damage in registered signals are often masked by measurement noise, for identification of time of reflections from damage, continuous...
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GPU Acceleration of Multilevel Solvers for Analysis of Microwave Components With Finite Element Method
PublicationThe letter discusses a fast implementation of the conjugate gradient iterative method with ${rm E}$-field multilevel preconditioner applied to solving real symmetric and sparse systems obtained with vector finite element method. In order to accelerate computations, a graphics processing unit (GPU) was used and significant speed-up (2.61 fold) was achieved comparing to a central processing unit (CPU) based approach. These results...
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Elastic wave propagation for condition assessment of steel bar embedded in mortar
PublicationThis study deals with experimental and numerical investigations of elastic wave propagation in steel bars partially embedded in mortar. The bars with different bonding lengths were tested. Two types of damage were considered: damage of the steel bar and damage of the mortar. Longitudinal waves were excited by a piezoelectric actuator and a vibrometer was used to non-contact measurements of velocity signals. Numerical calculations...
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Reliable testbed for indoor positioning systems
PublicationThis paper proposes a test environment for indoor localization system, based on radio wave propagation prosperities. The following sections presents variety of problems from the assessment of the existing localization system to the analysis of inconveniences which occur when comparison of different localization systems is implemented. The problem is associated with different testing environments presented in published papers is...
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Computational simulation of motion of a rescue module during its launching from ship at rough sea
PublicationThis paper is a continuation of the work titled : “A comp utational model for simulation of motion of rescue module during its launching from stern ramp of a ship at rough sea”. It presents results of computer simulations of motion of a rescue module with embarked persons during its launching on rollers along stern ramp of a ship at rough sea. The simulations were conducted for a selected ship fitted with a launching ramp , for...
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Impact of radio wave polarisation on off-body communications in indoor environments
PublicationThis paper describes the measurements and the analysis of the impact of radio wave polarisation on off-body communications in Body Area Networks in indoor environments. Measurements on polarisation impact are briefly described. Five investigated scenarios with different body postures and different antenna placements are characterised. The difference between the vertical and horizontal components of the received radio signal are...
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Curves of thermodynamic states in some fluids with dispersion
Publicationvariations in the thermodynamic state of a dispersive medium, caused by sound, are studied. A bubbly liquid and a Maxwell fluid are considered as examples. Curves in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. They are in fact pictorial images of linear relations of excess pressure and excess density in the acoustic wave which reflect irreversible attenuation of the sound energy. The curves account for the nonlinear generation...
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Resonance microstrip structure with patch of arbitrary convex geometry with the use of field matching technique
PublicationAn analysis of the resonance frequency problem of planar microstrip structure with patch of arbitrary convex geometry is presented. A full-wave analysis is employed utilizing a combination of Galerkin’s moment method and field matching technique. In this approach, a field matching technique is adopted to calculate the patch surface current densities, and next the method of moments is utilized to calculate resonance frequencies...
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Electrochemical sensor for measurement of volatile organic compounds employing square wave perturbation voltage
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde in air. Sensitivity and limit of quantification of the sensor were determined for different internal electrolyte using the square wave voltammetry (SWV) as a detection technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride,1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)...
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Modal Analysis of Planar Elliptical Resonator Deposited on Unshielded Dielectric Slab
PublicationModal analysis of isolated open planar elliptical patch placed on dielectric slab is presented in the paper. It applies concept of Illuminating Modes which is formulated for the case of two-side opened structure. The current on patch is expanded in basis functions in form of Mathieu radial and angular functions. The spectrum of excited modes for exemplary planar resonators is presented and discussed using the concept of power of...
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Estimation of a single balun parameters on the base of back-to-back measurements
PublicationA method of estimation of a single balun S parameters based on the measured parameters of back-to-back configuration is presented in the paper. Proposed approach is to measure two back-to-back circuits: i) direct connection of baluns and ii) connection with additional transmission line segment between the baluns. Coupling effects in both circuits are calculated from full-wave simulations. Next they are applied to estimate the parameters...
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High Isolation Metamaterial-based Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter-wave Applications
PublicationThis article presents a high-isolation metamaterial-based dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G millimeter-wave communication networks. The proposed antenna is a pentagon-shaped monopole that provides a dual-band response with a wide operating bandwidth at 5G 28/28 bands. The antenna is printed on 0.508-mm-thick Rogers RT5880 substrate of relative permittivity ɛr =2.2. It exhibits a small physical size...
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Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Dual-Band 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna with Modified Ground for Isolation and Bandwidth Improvement
PublicationThis letter presents a high-isolation dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna based on the ground plane modification and optimized metamaterials (MMs) for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is a monopole providing a dual-band response at 5G 28/38 bands with a small physical size (4.8 × 2.9 × 0.762 mm3, excluding the feeding line). The MIMO consists of two symmetric radiating elements arranged adjacently...
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Using Fast Frequency Hopping Technique to Improve Reliability of Underwater Communication System
PublicationAcoustic underwater communication systems designed to work reliably in shallow coastal waters must overcome major limitations such as multipath propagation and the Doppler effect. These restrictions are the reason for the complexity of receivers being built, whose task is to decode a symbol on the basis of the received signal. Additional complications are caused by the low propagation speed of the acoustic wave in the water and...
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Cross-talk Between the Heart and Arteries in Older 65+ Adults
PublicationRegulatory synchronization between the heart and the arterial walls is essential for optimal blood delivery to tissues. We investigated functional coherence between heart rhythm and aortic wall compliance in 30 volunteers aged 65 – 74. ECG and carotid and iliac pulse-wave were recorded and digitized at 2 kHz. Carotid-femoral pulse-wave transit time (cfTT) which reflex aortic compliance was assessed using the intersecting tangent...
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On the Nonlinea Distortions of Sound and its Coupling with Other Modes in a Gasesous Plasma with Finite Electric Conductivity in a Magnetic Field
PublicationNonlinear phenomena of the planar and quasi-planar magnetoacoustic waves are considered. We focus on deriving of equations which govern nonlinear excitation of the non-wave motions by the intense sound in initially static gaseous plasma. The plasma is treated as an ideal gas with finite electrical conductivity permeated by a magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectories of gas particles. This introduces dispersion of a flow. Magnetoacoustic...
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Dynamic Positioning System with Vectorial Backstepping Controller
PublicationThe problem of synthesis a dynamic positioning system for low frequency model of surface vessel was considered in this paper. The recursive vectorial backstepping control design was used to keep a fixed position and heading in presence of wave disturbances. The passive observer was introduced to smooth the measurements and to estimate the velocities needed for the control algorithm. Some parameters of observer were optimized off-line...
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Application of Illuminating Modes concept in modal expansion of elliptical resonator
PublicationIn the paper an IlluminatingModes (IM) approach as an extension of Spectral Domain Approach (SDA) is presented. IM concept is applied to the case of open microstrip planar elliptical resonator. A modal expansion of currents induced in the structures during illuminating them by a single plane wave is the novelty of the method. As an example of application of the method, we present the results obtained by an examination of two resonators...
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Designing a ship course controller by applying the adaptivebackstepping method
PublicationThe article discusses the problem of designing a proper and efficient adaptive course-keeping control system for a seagoingship based on the adaptive backstepping method. The proposed controller in the design stage takes into account thedynamic properties of the steering gear and the full nonlinear static maneuvering characteristic. The adjustable parametersof the achieved nonlinear control structure were tuned up by using the...
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From flow to jamming: Lattice Gas Automaton simulations in granular materials
PublicationWe introduce the first extension of a Lattice Gas Automaton (LGA) model to accurately replicate observed emergent phenomena in granular materials with a special focus on previously unexplored jamming transitions by incorporating gravitational effects, energy dissipation in particle collisions, and wall friction. We successfully reproduce flow rate evolution, density wave formation, and jamming transition observed in experiments....
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Characterization of Corrosion-Induced Fracture in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Electrical Potential, Ultrasound and Low-Frequency Vibration
PublicationThe paper deals with the non-destructive experimental testing of the reinforced concrete beams under progressive corrosion. A series of experiments using electrical potential, ultrasound and low-frequency vibrations techniques are reported. Electrical potential and natural frequencies were used to characterise and monitor the corrosion process at its initial state. The P-wave velocity measurements were proved to be effective in...
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Quality 5.0: A Paradigm Shift Towards Proactive Quality Control in Industry 5.0
PublicationIndustry 5.0, the latest wave of industrial revolution, is redefining the traditional manufacturing and production landscapes by leveraging advanced technologies, promoting sustainability, and fostering a human-centric approach. An inevitable consequence of this progression is Quality 5.0, the next phase of quality control and assurance. Quality 5.0 aims to transcend the limitations of conventional quality control techniques, which...
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Modelling of in-plane wave propagation in a plate using spectral element method and Kane-Mindlin theory with application to damage detection
PublicationThis paper presents results of experimental and numerical analyses of in-plane waves propagatingin a 5 mm-thick steel plate in the frequency range of 120-300 kHz. For such a thickness/frequency ratio,extensional waves reveal dispersive character. To model in-plane wave propagation taking into account thethickness-stretch effect, a novel 2D spectral element, based on the Kane-Mindlin theory, was formulated. Anapplication of in-plane...
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Research on assessment of bolted joint state using elastic wave propagation
PublicationThe work contains results of experimental investigation of elastic wave propagation in a bolted single-lap joint. Tests were carried out for the excitation perpendicular to the connection plane. In experimental studies, PZT transducers were used for both excitation and registration of ultrasonic waves. The analyses took into account varying contact conditions between the elements of the connection depending on the value of the...
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Characterization of fracture process in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete using ultrasonic waves and digital image correlation
PublicationThis study explores the monitoring of the fracture process in concrete beams and aims to characterize the evolution of damage in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete beams by utilizing the integrated application of two measurement techniques, digital image correlation and ultrasonic testing. The interpretation of registered wave time histories data was provided by the calculation of the magnitude-phase-composite metrics. An efficient...
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AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM TO PROTECT MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
PublicationProblems regarding the security of maritime infrastructure, especially harbours and offshore infrastructure, are currently a very hot topic. Due to these problems, there are some research projects in which the main goal is to decrease the gap and improve the methods of observation in the chosen area, for both in-air and underwater areas. The main goal of the paper is to show a new complex system for improving the security of the...
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Efficient Finite Element Analysis of Axially Symmetrical Waveguides and Waveguide Discontinuities
PublicationA combination of the body-of-revolution and finite element methods is adopted for full-wave analysis of waveguides and waveguide discontinuities involving angular field variation. Such an approach is highly efficient and much more flexible than analytical techniques. The method is performed in two different cases: utilizing a generalized impedance matrix to determine the scattering parameters of a single waveguide section and utilizing...
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Slow-wave fractal-shaped compact microstrip resonant cell
PublicationA novel fractal-shaped compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) featuring a strong slow-wave effect has been presented. Its vital usefulness in the process of microstrip line miniaturisation has been proved and experimentally validated on the basis of a compact 3-dB branch-line coupler illustrating the possibilities of the approach. A prototype example structure has been designed to mirror the characteristics of a conventional device,...
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Jacobi and gauss-seidel preconditioned complex conjugate gradient method with GPU acceleration for finite element method
PublicationIn this paper two implementations of iterative solvers for solving complex symmetric and sparse systems resulting from finite element method applied to wave equation are discussed. The problem under investigation is a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) discretized by FEM with vector elements of the second order (LT/QN). The solvers use the preconditioned conjugate gradient (pcg) method implemented on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)...
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Thermal self-action effects of acoustic beam in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublicationThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a molecular gas with excited internal degrees of molecules’ freedom, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Heating or cooling of a medium takes place due to transfer of internal vibrational energy. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium gases, which may be acoustically active, are considered. A beam in an acoustically active gas is self-focusing unlike...
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Shielded coupled strip and slot guides with a thin omega pseudochiral medium layer
PublicationA method of moments combined with mode matching technique is applied to analyze the shielded coupled strip and slot line structures containing a thin plate of Omega pseudochiral medium. The boundary problems are simplified by introducing for omega medium the approximate continuity conditions. Such mathematical model allows to examine the field displacement effect appearing in the considered guide resulting from the coupling between...
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Acoustic Heating Produced in the Thermoviscous Flow of a Shear-Thinning Fluid
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a shear-thinningfluid. Apparent viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid depends on the shear rate. Thatfeature distinguishes it from a viscous Newtonian fluid. The special linear combi-nation of conservation equations in the differential form makes it possible to derivedynamic equations governing both the sound and non-wave entropy mode inducedin the field of sound. These...
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Slow-wave resonant structures in branch-line coupler miniaturization: a case study
PublicationA case study of novel slow-wave resonant structures dedicated to efficient microstrip branch-line coupler size reduction has been presented. A compact 3-dB branch-line coupler has been designed to mimic the performance of its conventional counterpart, simultaneously demonstrating a substantial 88% surface area reduction. The vital usefulness of the approach in the process of microstrip line abbreviation has been experimentally...
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The study of acoustic climate of the Southern Baltic
PublicationThis paper presents the statistical characteristics of seawater properties, which are necessary for predicting the propagation of acoustic waves in selected areas of the Baltic Sea. The statistics were elaborated based on long-term measurements of vertical distributions of sound speed, temperature, and salinity, and the nonlinearity parameter B/A. Nonlinear properties of the environment are considered, in connection...
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Lamb wave propagation in a single lap adhesive joint
PublicationThe aim of the paper is the analysis of Lamb wave propagation in adhesive joints. The research was performed on a single lap adhesive joint of two steel plates. Two types of joints, namely an intact and with defect were considered. In experimental investigations the condition assessment of the joint was performed with the use of antisymmetric Lamb waves excited by a plate piezo actuators and measured by a laser vibrometer. Numeri-cal...
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The Imaging of Gdansk Bay Seabed by Using Side Sonar
PublicationThis paper is mainly aimed at presentation of an impact of environmental conditions on imaging accuracy by using hydro-acoustic systems in waters of a high non-uniformity of spatial distribution of hydrological parameters. Impact of refraction on erroneous estimation of range, in case of wave radiation into water under a large angle, like in side sonars or multi-beam echo-sounders, is especially important. In this paper seasonal...
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A method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without unwanted tripping of RCDs
PublicationIn low-voltage networks, earth fault loop impedance (EFLI) measurement is the basis for assessing the effectiveness of automatic disconnection of supply. Such a measurement is performed during initial and periodical verification, especially in a TN low-voltage network. Nowadays, due to widespread application of residual current devices (RCDs), such test is difficult in many circuits because RCDs operate during the test. In this...
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Low-cost 3D Printed Circularly Polarized Lens Antenna for 5.9 GHz V2X Applications
PublicationThis paper presents design and realization of a circularly polarized antenna consisting of a linearly polarized patch antenna and a 3D printed lens, at the same time performing the functions of wave collimator and a polarizer. The antenna is dedicated for 802.11p systems, as a part of road infrastructure, with operation bandwidth 5.85 - 5.925 GHz. Its realised gain and axial ratio at center frequency 5.9 GHz are 14.3 dBi and 2.17...
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Measuring research on radio wave propagation
PublicationTelecommunication connections are increasingly based on the wireless links, both fixed and mobile, carried out under different radio systems. This kind of solution has many advantages. However, the propagation medium is a factor that causes many difficulties in designing wireless networks, because of large diversity of propagation environments. Transmission loss in each environment is determined by many variables phenomena and...