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Search results for: UHF ANTENNAS
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Analysis and design of a polarizer rotator system
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę analizy wielosekcyjnego polaryzatora złożonego z periodycznych szyków obiektów cylindrycznych. W celu analizy badanej struktury zastosowano metodę pełnofalową opartą na metodzie dopasowania rodzajów. Opracowany algorytm został zweryfikowany poprzez porównanie uzyskanych wyników z wynikami otrzymanymi z przybliżonego modelu transmisyjnego oraz z własnymi pomiarami wykonanego prototypu.
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Analysis of scattering from arbitrary configuration of elliptical obstacles using T-matrix representation
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono nową metodę analizy zjawiska rozpraszania dla dowolnej konfiguracji obiektów eliptycznych. Przedstawione podejście, dotyczącego pojedynczego obiektu, oparte jest na połączeniu analizy w układzie eliptycznym i cylindrycznym. W analizie wielu obiektów wykorzystana została procedura iteracyjna. Uzyskane wyniki zostały zweryfikowane przy wykorzystaniu oprogramowania komercyjnego.
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Calculation of the propagation loss in urban radio-access systems
PublicationZweryfikowano eksperymentalnie modele propagacyjne opracowane dla telefonii komórkowej w mieście, stosowane przy analizach projektowych systemów dostępowych. Przeprowadzono obszerne badania pomiarowe i zebrano prawie 19 tys. pomiarów. Na tej podstawie, stosując wielowymiarową analize regresji oraz zaproponowaną charakterystykę propagacyjną radiowych łączy dostępowych, opracowano nowy wielowariantowy model propagacyjny przeznaczony...
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Low-cost data-driven modelling of microwave components using domain confinement and PCA-based dimensionality reduction
PublicationFast data-driven surrogate models can be employed as replacements of computationally demanding full-wave electromagnetic simulations to facilitate the microwave design procedures. Unfortunately, practical application of surrogate modelling is often hindered by the curse of dimensionality and/or considerable nonlinearity of the component characteristics. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable approach to cost-efficient modelling...
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A Self-Adaptive Complex Root Tracing Algorithm for the Analysis of Propagation and Radiation Problem
PublicationAn improved complex root tracing algorithm for radiation and propagation issues is proposed. The approach is based on a self-adaptive discretization of Cauchy’s argument principle for a C × R space and requires a reduced number of function calls in comparison to other procedures presented in the literature. A few different examples concerning propagation and radiation problems have been considered to verify the validity and efficiency...
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Accuracy of the Discrete Green's Function Formulation of the FDTD Method
PublicationThis paper reports an evaluation of the accuracy of the discrete Greens function (DGF) formulation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Recently, the closed-form expression for the DGF and its efficient numerical implementation were presented, which facilitates applications of the DGF in FDTD simulations of radiation and scattering problems. So far, the accuracy of the DGF formulation of the FDTD method has been...
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Design of novel microstrip directional coupler for differential signal decoupling
PublicationThis study describes a concept of a novel microstrip directional coupler for differential signal decoupling, which can be used to digital signal overhearing on printed-circuit-boards. The complete design method is proposed with rules given analytically. Considered methodology is suitable for synthesis of couplers with low coupling factors, which have negligible influence on the transmission in main line. Theoretical considerations...
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An Off-Body Channel Model for Body Area Networks in Indoor Environments
PublicationThis paper presents an off-body channel model for body area networks (BANs) in indoor environments. The proposed model, which is based on both simulations and measurements in a realistic environment, consists of three components: mean path loss, body shadowing, and multipath fading. Seven scenarios in a realistic indoor office environment containing typical scatterers have been measured: five were static (three standing and two...
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Rapid multi-objective design optimisation of compact microwave couplers by means of physics-based surrogates
PublicationThe authors introduce a methodology for fast multi-objective design optimisation of miniaturised microwave couplers. The approach exploits the surrogate-based optimisation paradigm with an underlying low-fidelity model constructed from an equivalent circuit of the structure under consideration, corrected through implicit and frequency space mapping. A fast prediction tool obtained this way is subsequently optimised by a multi-objective...
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Rapid simulation-driven design of miniaturised dual-band microwave couplers by means of adaptive response scaling
PublicationOne of the major challenges in the design of compact microwave structures is the necessity of simultaneous handling of several objectives and the fact that expensive electromagnetic (EM) analysis is required for their reliable evaluation. Design of multi-band circuits where performance requirements are to be satisfied for several frequencies at the same time is even more difficult. In this work, a computationally efficient design...
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Accelerated simulation-driven design optimisation of compact couplers by means of two-level space mapping
PublicationIn this study, the authors discuss a robust and efficient technique for rapid design of compact couplers. The approach exploits two-level space mapping (SM) correction of an equivalent circuit model of the coupler structure under design. The first SM layer (local correction) is utilised to ensure good matching between the equivalent circuit and the electromagnetic model at the component level. Subsequent global correction allows...
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Efficient Complex Root Tracing Algorithm for Propagation and Radiation Problems
PublicationAn efficient complex root tracing algorithm for propagation and radiation problems is presented. The proposed approach is based on a discretization of Cauchy’s Argument Principle and its generalization to the C × R space. Moreover, an engagement of the tracing process with a global root finding algorithm recently presented in the literature is performed. In order to confirm a validity and efficiency of the proposed technique, a...
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Resonance Frequency Calculation of a Multilayer and Multipatch Spherical Microstrip Structure Using a Hybrid Technique
PublicationThis communication offers a rigorous analysis of the resonance frequency problem of a spherical microstrip structure mounted on a multilayer, dielectric-coated metallic sphere, with an electrically small radius. The structure consists of single or multiple metallic patches with arbitrary shapes. A full-wave analysis is employed with the use of proposed hybrid approach, combining the finite-difference technique with a spectral domain...
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Scattering From a Cylindrical Object of Arbitrary Cross Section With the Use of Field Matching Method
PublicationA simple and intuitive solution to scattering problems in shielded and open structures is presented. The main idea of the analysis is based on the direct field matching technique involving the usage of projection of the fields at the boundary on a fixed set of orthogonal basis functions. Different convex shapes and various obstacle materials are considered to verify the validity of the method in open and closed structures. The...
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Rapid design of miniaturised branch-line couplers through concurrent cell optimisation and surrogate-assisted fine-tuning
PublicationIn this study, the authors introduce a methodology for low-cost simulation-driven design optimisation of highly miniaturised branch-line couplers (BLCs). The first stage of their design approach exploits fast concurrent optimisation of geometrically dependent, but electromagnetically isolated cells that constitute a BLC. The cross-coupling effects between the cells are taken into account in the second stage, where a surrogate-assisted...
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Analytical Expression for the Time-Domain Green's Function of a Discrete Plane Wave Propagating in the 3-D FDTD Grid
PublicationIn this paper, a closed-form expression for the time-domain dyadic Green’s function of a discrete plane wave (DPW) propagating in a 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grid is derived. In order to verify our findings, the time-domain implementation of the DPW-injection technique is developed with the use of the derived expression for 3-D total-field/scattered-field (TFSF) FDTD simulations. This implementation requires computations...
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Communication Model Order Reduction in Hybrid Methods Involving Generalized Impedance Matrix
PublicationA novel strategy for the efficient analysis of frequency-domain scattering electromagnetic problems in open and closed domains is presented. A fully automatic model-order reduction technique, called the enhanced reduced-basis method, is applied to increase the efficiency of the hybrid approach, which combines the finite-element and mode-matching methods. Numerical tests show that the proposed algorithm yields reliable and highly...
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Low-cost and reliable geometry scaling of compact microstrip couplers with respect to operating frequency, power split ratio, and dielectric substrate parameters
PublicationA technique for rapid re-design of miniaturised microstrip couplers with respect to operating conditions as well as material parameters of the dielectric substrate is proposed. The dimension scaling process is based on a set of pre-optimised reference designs, obtained for an equivalent circuit model of the coupler at hand. The reference designs are utilised to construct an inverse surrogate model which – upon suitable correction...
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Expedite EM-driven generation of Pareto-optimal trade-off curves for variable-turn on-chip inductors
PublicationThis work presents a novel approach to computationally efficient Pareto front identification for variable-turn on-chip inductors. The final outcome is a set of solutions that correspond to the best trade-offs between conflicting design objectives. Here, we consider minimising inductor area and, simultaneously, maximising its quality factor, while maintaining a specified inductance value at a given operating frequency. As opposed...
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Global Complex Roots and Poles Finding Algorithm Based on Phase Analysis for Propagation and Radiation Problems
PublicationA flexible and effective algorithm for complex roots and poles finding is presented. A wide class of analytic functions can be analyzed, and any arbitrarily shaped search region can be considered. The method is very simple and intuitive. It is based on sampling a function at the nodes of a regular mesh, and on the analysis of the function phase. As a result, a set of candidate regions is created and then the roots/poles are verified...
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Propagation in the Open Cylindrical Guide of Arbitrary Cross Section With the Use of Field Matching Method
PublicationA simple solution to propagation problem in open waveguides and dielectric fibers of arbitrary convex cross section is presented. The idea of the analysis is based on the direct field matching technique involving the usage of the field projection at the boundary on a fixed set of orthogonal basis functions. A complex root tracing algorithm is utilized to find the propagation coefficients of the investigated guides. Different convex...
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Bandwidth-size design trade-offs for compact spline-parameterised patch couplers by means of electromagnetic-driven multi-objective optimisation
PublicationBroad bandwidth and small size are the key performance figures for contemporary microwave couplers. These requirements are conflicting, i.e. improvement of one generally leads to degradation of the other assuming fixed topology of the circuit at hand. From a designer's perspective, the knowledge about available design trade-offs is indispensable as it permits for tailoring the circuit for particular applications as well as comparing...
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Variable-fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
PublicationAccounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low-cost and accurate yield estimation procedure...
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Calculation of Resonance in Planar and Cylindrical Microstrip Structures Using a Hybrid Technique
PublicationA hybrid technique was employed for the analysis of the resonance frequency of thin planar and cylindrical microstrip structures with the patches of arbitrary geometry. The proposed technique utilizes a combination of Galerkin’s moment method and a finite-element method (FEM). In this approach, an FEM is adopted to calculate the patch surface current densities, and a method of moments is utilized to calculate the resonance frequencies...
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Measurement Stand and Methodology for Research of the Off-Body and Body-to-Body Radio Channels in WBANs with Different Diversity Schemes
PublicationThe concept of an experimental test bed for system loss and channel impulse response measurements for off-body and body-to-body radio channels in wireless body area networks (WBANs) is fully described. The possible measurement scenarios that may occur in investigation of off-body and body-to-body channels are classified and described in detail. Additionally, an evaluation is provided of the standard and expanded uncertainties of...
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Characterization of Slow and Fast Fading in Off-Body Communication at 2.45 GHz with Space Diversity Scheme in an Indoor Environment
PublicationThe characterization of slow and fast fading in wireless body area networks with space diversity scheme has been presented. The analysis, based on the measurements at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment, has shown that for all investigated configurations of receiving wearable antennas, the correlation coefficient values of the received signals’ parameters are below the assumed value of 0.5, being close to zero for the vast majority...
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Hybrid technique for the analysis of circular waveguide junctions loaded with ferrite posts
PublicationThis study presents a hybrid technique for the analysis of circular waveguide junctions loaded with axially symmetrical ferrite posts of irregular shape. The method is based on a combination of the finite-difference frequency- domain technique with a mode-matching technique. The proposed approach is validated by comparing the presented results with numerical ones obtained from commercial software. The application of a cylindrical...
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Sensorless Startup of Super High Speed Permanent Magnet Motor
PublicationCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie metody bezczujnikowego rozruchu wysokoobrotowego silnika z magnesami trwałymi. Zastosowano dwa typy metod sterowania. W pierwszej fazie rozruchu zastosowano metodę sterowania prądem, następnie przełączono do trybu sterowania wektorowego. Przy sterowaniu wektorowym zostały użyte: rozszerzony filtr Kalmana (EKF) oraz alternatywny Bezśladowy Filtr Kalmana (UKF) jako obserwatory prędkości obrotowej....
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Propagation analysis of the point-to-point radio links operating in the band
PublicationThe theoretical possibilities of utilizing the EHF-band frequencies for point-to-point short range communications have been discussed. The most important factors that affect propagation attenuation in this band have been briefly described, as well as relevant mathematical formulas that allow for numerical analysis of these phenomena. After that, a research have been carried out in which the authors have analyzed propagation losses...
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FLUID BED COATING OF MINITABLETS AND PELLETS WITH OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS BASED ON TAGUCHI METHOD
PublicationSmall particles like pellets are coated in fluid bed systems. This method can be also feasible for minitablets but the selection of optimal process parameters is complicated. The aim of the research was to optimize the coating process for minitablets and to compare the conditions required for pellets. Minimum fluidization velocities (umf) for 2.0 and 2.5 mm minitablets and 0.7-0.8 mm or 1.0-1.25 mm pellets were determined experimentally....
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Multi-objective optimization of expensive electromagnetic simulation models
PublicationVast majority of practical engineering design problems require simultaneous handling of several criteria. For the sake of simplicity and through a priori preference articulation one can turn many design tasks into single-objective problems that can be handled using conventional numerical optimization routines. However, in some situations, acquiring comprehensive knowledge about the system at hand, in particular, about possible...
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Macromodels for Efficient Analysis of Open-Region Problems Using the Finite Element Method
PublicationThis paper presents a local model-order reduction, called macromodeling, applied to speed-up the simulations of open-region problems, analyzed by means of finite element method. This technique is illustrated by a numerical example, which deals with a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The obtained results show that the proposed approach is reliable and can significantly increase the standard finite element method efficiency.
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Potassium trimethylsilanolate-mediated conversion of dialkyl phosphonates to their anhydrous potassium monoalkyl phosphonates under mild, non-aqueous conditions
PublicationPrzedstawiona została metoda syntezy bezwodnych soli potasowych fosfonianów monoalkilu z odpowiednich fosfonianów dialkilu w reakcji z trimetylosilanolanem potasu w bezwodnym eterze i chlorku metylenu. Metoda ta może być również stosowana dla makrocyklicznych kaliks[4]arenów z wbudowanymi grupami fosfonowymi na górnej obręczy; preferowanym rozpuszczalnikiem jest w tym przypadku bezwodny THF. Zaletą opisanej metody są łagodne warunki...
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Increasing the rate of sustainable change: a call for a redefinition of the concept and the model for its implementation
PublicationW pracy dokonano analizy problemu dużej rozbieżności pomiędzy zaproponowanymi strategiami a efektywnością akcji podjętych w celu wprowadzenia w praktyce zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju. Podkreślono konieczność współpracy różnych organizacji i samorządów lokalnych oraz uwzględniono rolę szkół wyższych w procesie wprowadzania zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju.
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A Study on Emission of Airborne Wear Particles from Car Brake Friction Pairs
PublicationThe emission of airborne wear particles from friction material / cast iron pairs used in car brakes was investigated, paying special attention to the influence of temperature. Five low-metallic materials and one non-asbestos organic material were tested using a pin-on-disc machine. The machine was placed in a sealed chamber to allow airborne particle collection. The concentration and size distribution of 0.0056 to 10 μm particles...
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Noise and Rolling Resistance Properties of Various Types of Winter Tyres Compared to Normal Car Tyres
PublicationTo cope with winter weather conditions, potentially including snow and ice, it is common to use winter tyres, or ”all-seasons” tyres assumed to be safe both in summer and winter. In some northern countries, winter tyres are mandatory. Traditionally, it has been assumed that winter tyres are noisier than normal tyres (here called summer tyres) and winter tyres equipped with studs are assumed to be very noisy.This paper presents...
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An in-depth look at the tire rubber hardness influence on tire/road noise measurements
PublicationWhen assessing the acoustic quality of a road pavement with the close-proximity (CPX) or the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method, the rubber hardness of the reference tire substantially affects the measurement. Practical experience shows that measurement tires can get significantly harder within a single measurement season. This is why one would like to normalize measurements to a reference rubber hardness. The recently published...
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A fuzzy logic model for forecasting exchange rates
PublicationThis article is devoted to the issue of forecasting exchange rates. The objective of the conducted research is to develop a predictive model with the use of an innovative methodology - fuzzy logic theory - and to evaluate its effectiveness in times of prosperity and during the financial crisis. The model is based on sets of rules written by the author in the form of IF-THEN, where expert knowledge is stored. This model is the result...
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Solvent Impact on the Diversity of Products in the Reaction of Lithium Diphenylphosphide and a Ti(III) Complex Supported by a tBu2P–P(SiMe3) Ligand
PublicationWe present two important trends in the reactivity ofthe titanium complex [MeNacNacTi(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-PtBu2}](MeNacNac− = [Ar]NC(Me)CHC(Me)N[Ar]; Ar = 2,6-iPr2Ph)with nucleophilic reagents RLi (R = Ph2P,tBuO, (Me3Si)2N, andtBu2N) depending on the reaction medium. Reaction in nonpolarsolvent (toluene) leads to three main products: via an autoredoxprocess and nucleophilic substitution at the Ti-atom to afford theTi(IV) complex [MeNacNacTi(R){η2-P-PtBu2}]...
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The role of SSVF and SSHF beds in concentrated wastewater treatment, design recommendation
PublicationThe return flows of reject water from sewage sludge dewatering alter the activated sludgeprocess in a conventional WWTP and increas TN concentration in final effluent from WWTPs.The objectives of the investigation carried out is to consider the application of sequential SS VFbeds and an SS HF bed for the treatment of highly polluted wastewater, namely reject waterfrom sewage sludge dewatering in a centrifuge (RWC). This paper aims...
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Kinetics of pollutants removal in hybrid treatment wetlands – Case study comparison
PublicationRecent years have seen an increasing interest in hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) systems for domestic sewage treatment. This paper is focused on kinetics of removal of the main pollutants occurring in wastewater i.e. organics expressed as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen. The purpose of the article is to compare different HCW configurations in terms of mass removal rates (MRR) and removal rate...
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Silicon carbide application issues
PublicationThe main goals of Task 3 and Task 4 of the ordered project ''New technologies based on silicon carbide and their application in HF, high power and high temperature electronics'' are presented
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Characterization of slow and fast fading in off-body communication at 2.45 GHz with space diversity scheme in indoor environment
PublicationThe characterization of slow and fast fading in Wireless Body Area Networks with space diversity scheme has been presented. The analysis, based on the measurements at 2.45 GHz in indoor environment, has shown that for all investigated configurations of receiving wearable antennas the correlation coefficient values of received signals’ parameters are below the assumed value of 0.5, being close to zero for the vast majority of cases. It...
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O niezwykłych kanałach rozpadu cząsteczek tetrahydrofuranu bombardowanych jonami O+
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki doświadczenia, w którym zderzano jony dodatnie tlenu O+ z cząsteczkami tetrahydrofuranu (THF, C4H8O). Zaobserwowano fragmentację THFu na szereg fragmentów atomowych i cząsteczkowych, wśród których zarejestrowano wzbudzone rodniki OH(A2Σ+). Ponieważ pierścień tetrahydrofuranu nie posiada grupy hydroksylowej, zatem detekcja pasm emisyjnych OH(A2Σ+- X2Π) jest dowodem migracji wodoru i formowania się unikalnych...
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Zero-Pole Electromagnetic Optimization
PublicationA fast technique for the full-wave optimization of transmission or reflection properties of general linear timeinvariant high-frequency components is proposed. The method is based on the zeros and poles of the rational function representing the scattering parameters of the device being designed and it is the generalization of the technique developed for the design by optimization of microwave filters. The performance of the proposed...
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Proposal of a System Loss Model for Body Area Network in Passenger Ferry Environment
PublicationIn the paper, proposal of an empirical off-body system loss model for Body Area Networks working in a passenger ferry environment at 2.45 GHz has been presented. The measurements were carried out for dynamic scenarios in the discotheque passenger ferry environment. The general model formula consists of three components: mean system loss, attenuation resulting from the variable antenna position on the human body, and attenuation...
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Insulin-like growth factor type 2 is better than insulin-like growth factor type 1 a survival marker in patients after acute decompensation of heart failure
PublicationIntroduction:A decreased IGF-1 has been found in heart failure (HF). There are no reports assessing IGF-2 in HF, although in vitro study has shown, that IGF-2 stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation more than IGF-1. The study aim was to compare the IGF-1 and IGF-2 concentration depending on HF exacerbation and annual survival.Material and methods:Among 75 patients hospitalized...
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Tyre/road noise reduction of poroelastic road surface tested in a laboratory
PublicationA so-called poroelastic road surface (PERS) is being developed in Europe. This contains a large percentage of rubber particles mixed with hard aggregate (stone and sand) and bound with polyurethane. This gives high air void content (around 30 %), high elasticity and smooth texture, all of which should give low noise properties. Inthis experiment anominally 30 mm thick sample of PERS was mounted on a steel drum. Various car tyres...
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Tyre/road noise reduction by a poroelastic road surface
PublicationLow noise road surfaces of existing types may in favourable cases and in new conditions provide up to 7 dB of noise reduction. For higher noise reductions, innovative solutions must be sought. Poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) may be such a solution, which currently is studied in the EU project PERSUADE. This paper presents results of trials with a PERS version prefabricated by one of the project partners. Tests were made in a laboratory...
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Operational Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines Using Cointegration Method
Publication