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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: molecular motors
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Speed Sensorless AC Drive with Inverter LC Filter and Fault Detection Using Load Torque Signal
PublikacjaThe industrial development in recent years has seen a major increase in the use of induction motors, whereby the cost has to be as low as possible and the lifetime as long as possible. To follow up this desire, investigations in this area have become very intense. For that reason, this paper presents a solution for driving an induction motor and simultaneous fault detection with no need for additional sensors. In order to achieve...
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Przegląd i analiza układów napędowych stosowanych w rowerach elektrycznych
PublikacjaStreszczenie ang. : The purpose of his article is an overview and analysis of the drive system used in electrical bikes. Classical and modern drive system are described. The stress is putted on the electrical motors used in that applications. Structure, control and power supply of most recent design are presented. The analysis applies to hub motor type Clyte 408 used as a bike drive. Authors have decided to build a filed-circuit...
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Dead-Time Effect Compensation Based on Additional Phase Current Measurements
PublikacjaThis paper proposes a new method of dead-time effect compensation. The proposed solution is based on additional phase current measurements realized by analog-to-digital converters. These measurements are carried out at the time instants specified by a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) strategy. This makes it possible to estimate inverter currents at the commutation instants and, finally, to estimate the voltage error caused by dead time. This...
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Artificial-Hand Technology—Current State of Knowledge in Designing and Forecasting Changes
PublikacjaThe subject of human-hand versatility has been intensively investigated for many years. Emerging robotic constructions change continuously in order to mimic natural mechanisms as accurately as possible. Such an attitude is motivated by the demand for humanoid robots with sophisticated end effectors and highly biomimic prostheses. This paper provides wide analysis of more than 80 devices that have been created over the last 40 years....
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Indirect Measurement of Motor Current Derivatives in PMSM Sensorless Drives
PublikacjaMotor current derivatives contain useful information for control algorithms, especially in sensorless electric drives. The measurement of motor current derivatives in electric motors supplied by voltage source inverter can be performed using di/dt transducers. However, in such a solution additional sensors have to be installed, e.g. Rogowski coils. Another approach is to measure current derivatives indirectly – by oversampling...
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High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab/ Simulink
PublikacjaExplore this indispensable update to a popular graduate text on electric drive techniques and the latest converters used in industry. The Second Edition of High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab®/Simulink delivers an updated and thorough overview of topics central to the understanding of AC motor drive systems. The book includes new material on medium voltage drives, covering state-of-the-art technologies and challenges...
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Model and laboratory simulation of a induction motor for diagnostic purposes
PublikacjaStatistics say that bearings are this part of induction motors which is most susceptible to damage. The equipment employed for bearing diagnostics usually makes use of vibrations as the criterion for technical condition of the bearings. A faulty bearing results in additional motor vibrations. They are reflected in the harmonic content of stator currents. In certain operating conditions the current signal is the sole source of information...
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Modeling the impact of rotor movement on non-linearity of motor currents waveforms in high-speed PMSM drives
PublikacjaMotor current measurement techniques as well as predictive control algorithms for electric drives rely on an assumption of linear motor currents changes resulting from constant inverter output voltages. Recent research has reported that this assumption does not hold in motors with short electrical time constant, and in drives whose rotor position advances substantially during a control period. This paper proposes a simulation model...
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Design and Experiments of a Piezoelectric Motor Using Three Rotating Mode Actuators
PublikacjaThis paper represents a numerical and experimental investigation of the multicell piezoelectric motor. The proposed design consists of three individual cells that are integrated into the stator, double rotor, and a preload system combined into a symmetrical structure of the motor. Each of the cells is characterized by a traveling wave and rotating mode motor. A finite element numerical analysis is carried out to obtain optimal...
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Assembling and testing of quasi-static hybrid piezoelectric motor based on electroactive lubrication principle
PublikacjaThe presented paper concerns a novel concept of hybrid piezoelectric motor based on electroactive lubrication principle. Its structure is combined of quasi-static and resonance piezoelectric actuators, synchronizing their work to generate the rotary movement. The hybrid motor topology is compared to the existing piezoelectric motors, regarding its field of applications in embedded systems with very high security requirements. The...
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Appendix E
PublikacjaThe advance of variable speed drives systems (VSDs) engineering highlights the need of specific technical guidance provision by electrical machines and drives manufacturers, so that such applications can be properly designed to present advantages in terms of both energy efficiency and expenditure. This book presents problems and solutions related to inverter-fed electrical motors. Practically orientated, the book describes the...
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Common-Mode Voltage and Bearing Currents in PWM Inverters: Causes, Effects and Prevention
PublikacjaIn modern induction motor drives an increase of transistors' switching frequency and a decrease of switching times are the sources of some serious problems. The high dv/dt and the common mode voltage generated by the inverter PWM control results in the appearances of bearing currents, shaft voltages, motor terminal overvoltages, the decrease of motor efficiency, and electromagnetic interference. The aspects of common mode (CM)...
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Dobór parametrów silnika indukcyjnego dużej mocy
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono trzy typy statycznych modeli matematycznych silników klatkowych oraz metodę estymacji parametrów, przy wykorzystaniu algorytmów genetycznych. Korzystając z kryteriów: suma kwadratów, suma wartości bez-względnych oraz całkowego, oceniono przydatność badanych modeli. Opracowane modele matematyczne zostały wykorzystane przy doborze algorytmów sterownia sterów strumieniowych. Po-kazano metodykę doboru parametrów...
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Variable Speed AC Drives with Inverter Output Filters
PublikacjaThe advance of variable speed drives systems (VSDs) engineering highlights the need of specific technical guidance provision by electrical machines and drives manufacturers, so that such applications can be properly designed to present advantages in terms of both energy efficiency and expenditure. This book presents problems and solutions related to inverter-fed electrical motors. Practically orientated, the book describes the...
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Estimation of zero buoyancy of the batyscaphe. Pneumatic buoyancy control of the bathyscaphe
PublikacjaThe subjects of this work are matters concerning the batyscaphe designed and constructed by the Scientific Circle of Young Constructors (SCoYC) acting at the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the Olsztyn University of Warmia and Mazury.The goal od the remote-controlled batyscaphe is an underwater exploration of water resorvoirs in Poland. Design and construction of the unmanned watercraft, also known as a batyscaphe, required the...
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Sensorless Fault Detection of Induction Motor with Inverter Output Filter
PublikacjaThe paper presents the problem of monitoring and fault detection of a sensorless voltage inverter fed squirrel cage induction motor with LC filter. The detection is based on load torque estimation of the investigated torque transmission system. The load torque is calculated besides the computation of other variables that are mandatory for sensorless drive operation such as rotor flux and speed. The implemented LC filter smooths...
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Failure analysis of a high-speed induction machine driven by a SiC-inverter and operating on a common shaft with a high-speed generator
PublikacjaDue to ongoing research work, a prototype test rig for testing high-speed motors/generators has been developed. Its design is quite unique as the two high- speed machines share a single shaft with no support bearings between them. A very high maximum operating speed, up to 80,000 rpm, was required. Because of the need to minimise vibration during operation at very high rotational speeds, rolling bearings were used. To eliminate...
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Critical Review on Robust Speed Control Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Speed Regulation
PublikacjaThe permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a highly efficient energy saving machine. Due to its simple structural characteristics, good heat radiation capability, and high efficiency, PMSMs are gradually replacing AC induction motors in many industrial applications. The PMSM has a nonlinear system and lies on parameters that differ over time with complex high-class dynamics. To achieve the excessive performance operation...
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Estimation of DC motor parameters using a simple CMOS camera
PublikacjaDifferent components of control systems for mobile robots are based on dynamic models. In low-cost solutions such a robot is wheeled and equipped with DC motors, which have to be included in the model of the robot. The model is fairly simple but determination of its parameters needs not to be easy. For instance, DC motor parameters are typically identified indirectly using suitable measurements, concerning engine voltage, current,...
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Diagnostics of induction motor bearings - possibility of measurements
PublikacjaIn induction motors damage in the elements of electromagnetic system, for example in the wiring of stator, rotor or in the magnetic circuit can appear as well as damage of mechanical parts (bearings, rotor, shaft). Bearing diagnostics is so important in supervision of motor condition, because extensive research shows that the bearings arethe elements most susceptible to damage. This paper presents the research which the author...
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Novel condition monitoring of induction motor bearings via motor current signature analysis
PublikacjaThe paper authors are researching the assessment of bearing conditions in induction motors. The methods developed by the authors are based on measurements and analysis of the motor supply current, which is particularly attractive in the absence of access to the engine. The article provides an overview of selected methods of induction motor bearings diagnostic based on Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA). However, there is no...
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Research on Linear Actuators for Active Foil Bearings
PublikacjaActive foil bearings are a kind of gas foil bearing. They contain actuators which allow for modification of the bearing sleeve size and the shape of the lubrication gap. Rotor vibrations can be actively controlled by these changes. It is possible, among other things, to reduce the starting torque, control the vibration amplitude at different speeds and improve operational safety. Prototypes of active foil bearings are being developed...
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Supply current signal and artificial neural networks in the induction motor bearings diagnostics
PublikacjaThis paper contains research results of the diagnostics of induction motor bearings based on measurement of the supply current with usage of artificial neural networks. Bearing failure amount is greater than 40% of all engine failures, which makes their damage-free operation crucial. Tests were performed on motors with intentionally made bearings defects. Chapter 2 introduces the concept of artificial neural networks. It presents...
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Mechanical-Level Hardware-In-The-Loop and Simulation in Validation Testing of Prototype Tower Crane Drives
PublikacjaIn this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction cranes is proposed and described. This research was aimed at designing and constructing a new type of tower crane by Krupiński Cranes Company. The described research stage was necessary...
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A Simplified SVPWM Technique for Five-leg Inverter with Dual Three-phase Output
PublikacjaThis article proposes a simplified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique five-leg inverter with dual three-phase output. An idea to fed the dual tree-phase machine by the multiphase voltage source inverters (VSIs) is not new. Dual- and multi-motor drive systems are widely used in the industry applications. The most popular fields are: electric vehicles (EVs) and traction systems. Moreover, the specific characteristic...
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Dynamic mass measurement in checkweighers using a discrete time-variant low-pass filter
PublikacjaConveyor belt type checkweighers are complex mechanical systems consisting of a weighing sensor (strain gauge load cell, electrodynamically compensated load cell), packages (of different shapes, made of different materials) and a transport system (motors, gears, rollers). Disturbances generated by the vibrating parts of such a system are reflected in the signal power spectra in a form of strong spectral peaks, located usually in...
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Design and construction of an industrial robot controlled by the ROS environment
PublikacjaThis engineering thesis focuses on the recognition of modern budgetary solutions of roboticarms and on the design and implementation of one of them. Historical solutions are discussedusing the example of the IRB6 robot and the modern approach - the Omron Viper 850. Thepaper includes a description of the design thought of the different parts. Mechanical, electrical andsoftware aspects are presented. In...
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Sensorless field oriented control for five-phase induction motors with third harmonic injection and fault insensitive feature
PublikacjaThe paper presents a solution for sensorless field oriented control (FOC) system for five-phase induction motors with improved rotor flux pattern. In order to obtain the advantages of a third harmonic injection with a quasi-trapezoidal flux shape, two vector models, α1–β1 and α3–β3, were transformed into d1– q1, d3– q3 rotating frames, which correlate to the 1st and 3rd harmonic plane respectively. A linearization approach of the...
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ENERGY EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HYBRID CONVERSION OF INLAND PASSENGER VESSEL
PublikacjaThe development and growing availability of modern technologies, along with more and more severe environment protection standards which frequently take a form of legal regulations, are the reason why attempts are made to find a quiet and economical propulsion system not only for newly built watercraft units, but also for modernised ones. Correct selection of the propulsion and supply system for a given vessel affects significantly...
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Impact of digital signal processing on FOC current feedback in high-speed PMSM drive
PublikacjaIn applications where size and weight of the electric motor are among major design concerns, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) with wide operational speed-range are commonly preferred. Due to limited inverter switching frequency, high-speed operation of a drive results in a low ratio between the switching frequency and the fundamental frequency of motor voltage. Such operating conditions have been recently identified...
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Novel Investigation of Higher Order Spectral Technologies for Fault Diagnosis of Motor-Based Rotating Machinery
PublikacjaIn the last decade, research centered around the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using non-contact techniques has been significantly on the rise. For the first time worldwide, innovative techniques for the diagnosis of rotating machinery, based on electrical motors, including generic, nonlinear, higher-order cross-correlations of spectral moduli of the third and fourth order (CCSM3 and CCSM4, respectively), have been comprehensively...
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Estimation of the Regenerative Braking Process Efficiency in Electric Vehicles
PublikacjaIn electric and hybrid vehicles, it is possible to recover energy from the braking process and reuse it to drive the vehicle using the batteries installed on-board. In the conditions of city traffic, the energy dissipated in the braking process constitutes a very large share of the total resistance to vehicle motion. Efficient use of the energy from the braking process enables a significant reduction of fuel and electricity consumption...
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Analysis of catalitic reactors usefulness to reduce pollution generated by piston combustion engines with regard to ship main engines
PublikacjaThe article presents results which indicate that the use of catalytic reactors to reduce emissions of harmful compunds contained in the exhaust gas is important in the operation of vehicle motors operation. Efforts of the shipbuilding industry to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gas emitted by the main engines have been indicated and pointed to the desirability of the use of these catalysts in maritime transport. It has been pointed...
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Medium-Voltage Drives: Challenges and existing technology
PublikacjaThe article presents an overview of state-of-art solutions, advances, and design and research trends in medium-voltage (MV) drive technologies - and also discusses the challenges and requirements associated with the use of such drives. The choice and deployment of MV drives in industries are associated with numerous requirements related to the front-end converter (grid side) and inverter (machine side). The focus is on solutions...
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Properties of water in the region between a tubulin dimer and a single motor head of kinesin
PublikacjaA kinesin is a molecular motor that can perform movement on a microtubule track in a stepping-like manner. This motion is connected with processes of association and dissociation of kinesin and tubulin. Water is an important participant in these kinds of molecular interactions. This is why we have decided to investigate the dynamical and structural properties of water in the region between the kinesin catalytic domain and the tubulin...
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Rotation Triggers Nucleotide-Independent Conformational Transition of the Empty β Subunit of F1-ATPase
PublikacjaF1-ATPase (F1) is the catalytic portion of ATP synthase, a rotary motor protein that couples proton gradients to ATP synthesis. Driven by a proton flux, the F1 asymmetric γ subunit undergoes a stepwise rotation inside the α3β3 headpiece and causes the β subunits’ binding sites to cycle between states of different affinity for nucleotides. These concerted transitions drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. Here, we study...
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Water-mediated long-range interactions between the internal vibrations of remote proteins
PublikacjaIt is generally acknowledged that the mobility of protein atoms and the mobility of water molecules in the solvation layer are connected. In this article, we answer the question whether a similar interdependence exists between the motions of atoms of proteins separated by the hydration layers of variable thickness. The system consisted of a kinesin catalytic domain and a tubulin dimer. It was studied using molecular dynamics simulations....
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How water mediates the long-range interactions between remote protein molecules
PublikacjaThe high crowding of macromolecules in the cytoplasm affects the processes that occur inside a living cell. It can, for example, promote the forming of various loosely connected structures of proteins. It also means that bulk water is, essentially, not present there. The relatively thin layer of solvent that separates macromolecules may be able to participate in the long-range interactions between them and make them respond to...
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The significance of the properties of water for the working cycle of the kinesin molecular motor
PublikacjaExplicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations were performed in this study to investigate and discuss several aspects of the influence of the properties of water on the working cycle of a molecular motor from the kinesin superfamily. The main objects of attention were: the binding of the neck linker and the association of the kinesin and the tubulin. The docking of the neck linker is considered a crucial event during the working...
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The importance of the shape of the protein–water interface of a kinesin motor domain for dynamics of the surface atoms of the protein
PublikacjaA single kinesin motor domain immersed in water has been investigated using molecular dynamics. It has been found that local properties of water in the solvation shell change along with the nature of the neighboring protein surface. However, a detailed analysis leads to the conclusion that the geometrical features of hydrogen bonds and overall structure of kinesin hydration water are not very different from bulk water. The local...