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Search results for: SEISMIC IMPACT
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Peak impact force for seismic retrofit of pounding-prone structures
PublicationCelem artykułu jest wykorzystanie dwuwymiarowych wykresów pokazujących wartość maksymalnej siły zderzenia (spektrów odpowiedzi) do wzmacniania odporności sejsmicznej budowli narażonych na zderzanie się podczas trzęsień ziemi. Wyniki analizy wskazują, iż wykresy takie mogą być bardzo przydatnym narzędziem przy podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczącej wyboru metody wzmacniania.
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Experimental study on the behaviour of steel columns under seismic-induced axial impact load
PublicationIt has been observed during major earthquakes that the so called soft-storey failure of an upper floor of a structure results in large impact load acting on structural members of the lower storeys. It may further lead to progressive collapse of the whole structure substantially intensifying human and material losses. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the behaviour of columns under bending (observed...
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Damage-Involved Structural Pounding in Bridges under Seismic Excitation
PublicationDuring severe earthquakes, pounding between adjacent superstructure segments of highway elevated bridges was often observed. It is usually caused by the seismic wave propagation effect and may lead to significant damage. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of the numerical analysis focused on damage-involved pounding between neighbouring decks of an elevated bridge under seismic excitation. The analysis was carried...
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Numerical Analysis of Seismic Pounding between Adjacent Buildings Accounting for SSI
PublicationThe structural pounding caused by an earthquake may damage structures and lead to their collapse. This study is focused on the pounding between two adjacent asymmetric structures with different dynamic properties resting on the surface of an elastic half-space. An exploration of the relationship between the effects of the seismic analysis with the impact response to the torsional pounding between adjacent buildings under different...
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Damaged plasticity model - seismic analysis of structure of the Petronas Twin Towers (Kuala Lumpur) in Malaysia
PublicationThe article presents numerical simulations for the modelling of seismic impact on the structure of Petronas Twin Towers (Kuala Lumpur) in Malaysia with application of two methods. The Response Spectrum method, in which a spectrum of the structure's responses to an earthquake's impact is generated and the Acceletogram (BETA) method, in which we generate dynamic load in the form of a diagram of the connection between acceleration...
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Response of high voltage disconnector under seismic excitation - experimental and numerical study
PublicationThe efficiency of the energetic infrastructure system is a very import safety issue in the region experienced by the ground motion. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of the experimental and numerical study focused on the earthquake-induced response of the high voltage disconnector, which is an important element of energetic network. First, the impact tests as well as the sweep-sine shaking table tests were conducted....
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Optimum shapes and dimensions of rubber bumpers in order to reduce structural pounding during seismic excitations
PublicationLarge displacement of structures observed during seismic excitations may lead to collisions between two adjacent, insufficiently-separated buildings and may result in major damages of both of them. In many building codes, appropriate equations or approximately recommended distances between structures in order to avoid pounding hazard have been introduced. Unfortunately, further, more detailed considerations show that safety situation...
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Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings: Identification of parameters, soil interaction issues and mitigation measures
PublicationStructural pounding has been observed in many previous earthquakes due to insufficient gap commonly provided between adjacent structures. The collisions usually generate large impact forces and short duration acceleration pulses which may result in significant damage to the colliding buildings. Because of that, earthquake induced structural pounding has been intensively studied and investigated for the last three decades. Results...
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Machine learning-based seismic fragility and seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete structures
PublicationMany studies have been performed to put quantifying uncertainties into the seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. This paper provides a risk-assessment support tool for purpose of retrofitting and potential design strategies of RC buildings. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were developed in Python software by innovative methods of hyperparameter optimization, such as halving search, grid search, random...
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Cable-stayed cantilever structures as an expat of unique application in the construction of a building located in seismic area – an author’s project of multifunctional building in Lisbon, Portugal
PublicationThe article presents numerical simulations for the modelling of seismic impact on the structure of unique cantilever cablestayed structure with application of two methods. The Response Spectrum method, in which a spectrum of the structure's responses to an earthquake's impact is generated and the Accelerogram method, in which we generate dynamic load in the form of a diagram of the connection between acceleration and time for...
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Timber frame houses resistant to dynamic loads - seismic analysis
PublicationThe aim of the article is to present results of seismic analysis results of two real-sized timber frame buildings subjected to seismic excitations. The first model was insulated with mineral wool, the second one with polyurethane foam. Technology and specifications involved in both models construction is based on the previously conducted experimental research on timber frame houses, including wall panels tests, wall numerical models...
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Seismic Pounding Between Bridge Segments: A State-of-the-Art Review
PublicationEarthquake-induced structural pounding in bridge structures has been observed in several previous seismic events. Collisions occur at the expansion joints provided between adjacent decks or between the deck and abutment. Pounding between the structural elements may lead to severe damages and even to the unseating of the bridge in certain cases. Several investigations have been performed to study pounding in bridges under uniform...
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Timber Frame Houses with Different Insulation Materials - Seismic Analysis
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present results of a dynamic numerical analysis focused on the response of two timber frame building structures exposed to seismic excitations. The first structure was insulated with mineral wool, while the second one with polyurethane foam. Specifications and technology involved in the models' construction are based on the previously conducted experimental study, upon which numerical structural models...
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The response of three colliding models of steel towers to seismic excitation
PublicationA number of past and recent observations have confirmed that collisions between adjacent, insufficiently-separated structures occurring as a result of seismic excitation (structural pounding) may result in serious damage to structural elements and can even lead to their total destruction. This paper summarises the results obtained from a shaking table experimental study which investigated structural pounding between three adjacent...
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Predicting the seismic collapse capacity of adjacent structures prone to pounding
PublicationIn crowded cities, many structures are often constructed in a very close vicinity; therefore, during severe earthquakes, pounding phenomenon occurs due to out-of-phase vibrations of adjacent structures. In this study, pounding of adjacent structures is investigated up to the occurrence of total collapse. The novelty of this study is performing incremental dynamic analyses to compute the seismic collapse capacities of both pounding...
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Determination of Peak Impact Force for Buildings Exposed to Structural Pounding during Earthquakes
PublicationStructural pounding between adjacent, insufficiently separated buildings, or bridge segments, has been repeatedly observed during seismic excitations. Such earthquake-induced collisions may cause severe structural damage or even lead to the collapse of colliding structures. The aim of the present paper was to show the results of the study focused on determination of peak impact forces during collisions between buildings exposed...
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Pounding between Inelastic Three-Storey Buildings under Seismic Excitations
PublicationStructural interactions between adjacent, insufficiently separated buildings have been repeatedly observed during damaging ground motions. This phenomenon, known as the structural pounding, may result in substantial damage or even total collapse of structures. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of the nonlinear numerical analysis focused on pounding between inelastic three-storey buildings under seismic excitations....
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Numerical study on seismic response of a base-isolated building modelled with shell elements
PublicationSeismic isolation is counted among the most popular and effective means of protecting structures against earthquake forces. Base isolators, like Lead-Rubber Bearings (LRB), High-Damping Rubber Bearings (HDB) or Friction Pendulum Systems (FPS) are extensively used in practice in many earthquake-prone regions of the world. The present paper reports the results obtained from the numerical study on seismic response of a base-isolated...
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Parametric analysis of Istanbul's Ring Road viaduct for three levels of seismic load
PublicationThe paper presents a parametric analysis of the Istanbul's ring road viaduct that is currently under construction within the Northern Marmara Highway project. The structure, due to its location on seismic prone areas is exposed to seismic loads of different strengths and different return periods. The study is focused on concrete bridge supports that are design to work in nonlinear range. The parametric study, conducted in MATLAB...
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Experimental Study on Effectiveness of a Prototype Seismic Isolation System Made of Polymeric Bearings
PublicationSeismic isolation is identified as one of the most popular and effective methods of protecting structures under strong dynamic excitations. Base isolators, such as Lead Rubber Bearings, High Damping Rubber Bearings, and Friction Pendulum Bearings, are widely used in practice in many earthquake-prone regions of the world to mitigate structural vibrations, and therefore minimize loss of life and property damage during seismic events....
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Machine learning-based seismic response and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings
PublicationComplexity and unpredictability nature of earthquakes makes them unique external loads that there is no unique formula used for the prediction of seismic responses. Hence, this research aims to implement the most well-known Machine Learning (ML) methods in Python software to propose a prediction model for seismic response and performance assessment of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames (RC MRFs). To prepare 92,400 data...
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Predicting the seismic collapse capacity of adjacent structures prone to pounding
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Examples of retrofit of structures on seismic areas by friction pendulum system.
PublicationZastosowanie łożysk wahadłowych, w których dyssypacja energii następuje na skutek tarcia, to jedna z najbardziej obiecujących metod wzmacniania odporności sejsmicznej budowli. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przykładów zastosowania tej metody do różnych typów konstrukcji budowlanych narażonych na wstrząsy sejsmiczne.
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Advanced Hysteretic Model of a Prototype Seismic Isolation System Made of Polymeric Bearings
PublicationThe present paper reports the results of acomprehensive study designed to verify the effectiveness of an advanced mathematical model in simulating the complex mechanical behaviour of a prototype seismic isolation system made of polymeric bearings (PBs). Firstly, in order to construct the seismic bearings considered in this research, a specially prepared flexible polymeric material with increased damping properties was employed....
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Parametric analysis of Istanbul's Ring Road viaduct for three levels of seismic load
PublicationThe paper presents a numerical analysis of the Istanbul's ring road viaduct that is currently under construction within the Northern Marmara Highway project. The structure, due to its location on seismic prone areas is exposed to seismic loads of different magnitude and different return periods. The study is fo-cused on concrete bridge supports that are design to work in nonlinear range. The study, conducted in SOFISTIK environment,...
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Shaking table experimental study on the effectiveness of polymer bearings for seismic isolation of structures
PublicationSeismic isolation has been recognised to be a very effective way of protecting structures from damage during earthquakes. It allows us to extend the natural period of the structure and therefore avoid resonance with the ground motion. Moreover, by increasing damping in the isolation devices, more energy can be dissipated and thus the structural response can be further reduced. The aim of this paper is to show the results of the...
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Analysis of the effect of the seismic gap on the response of buildings experiencing pounding during earthquakes
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the seismic gap on the dynamic response of buildings experiencing earthquake-induced pounding. Three buildings have been analysed, which are 5-storey, 7-storey and 9-storey structures. Three possible pounding scenarios have been considered, which are pounding between 5-storey and 7-storey buildings, pounding between 5-storey and 9-storey buildings and pounding between 7-storey...
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Mathematical Modelling of a Seismic Isolation System to Protect Structures During Damaging Earthquakes
PublicationThe present study aims to determine the effectiveness of a nonlinear mathematical model in simulating complex mechanical behaviour of a seismic isolation system to protect structures during strong and damaging earthquakes. In order to construct the Polymeric Bearings considered in this research, a specially prepared flexible polyurethane elastomer with increased damping properties has been used. The usefulness of the proposed mathematical...
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Effects of Column Base Flexibility on Seismic Response of Steel Moment-Frame Buildings
PublicationSteel Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs) are very popular lateral load resisting systems in many seismically active regions. However, their seismic response is strongly dependent on the rotational fixity of column base connections. Despite many studies (both experimental and numerical) in this particular area, available approaches for estimating column base flexibility have been validated only against laboratory test data. In the...
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Degradation of stiffness of building columns exposed to bending and impact load during ground motions
PublicationThe safety of civil engineering structures under external loads, including ground motions, is one of the issues related to the idea of sustainable society. The earthquake-induced soft-storey failure is a typical type of damage observed in buildings due to seismic excitation. The failure of an intermediate soft storey of a structure results in large vertical impact loading acting on the lower floors due to the fall of the upper...
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Extended Newmark method to assess stability of slope under bidirectional seismic loading
PublicationThe paper concerns the dynamic behavior of a simple slope model subjected to simultaneous horizontal and vertical excitations. The proposed method is based on Newmark’s sliding block concept, however, four new features are introduced. The most important assumption is that the normal component of dynamic excitations affects the resisting force both before and after the initiation of the relative slope motion, making it time-dependent....
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Application of discrete wavelet transform in seismic nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems
PublicationSimulation of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects is a time-consuming and costly process. However, ignoring the influence of SSI on structural response may lead to inaccurate results, especially in the case of seismic nonlinear analysis. In this paper, wavelet transform methodology has been utilized for investigation of the seismic response of soil-structure systems. For this purpose, different storey outrigger braced buildings...
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Seismic pounding behavior of multi-story buildings in series considering the effect of infill panels
PublicationThe aim of the present paper is to study the influence of the infill panels on the seismic pounding response of adjacent structures in series. The contribution of the masonry infill has been simulated using equivalent diagonal compression struts. Steel frames have been assumed to have elastic-plastic behavior with 1% linear strain hardening. The dynamic contact analysis has been utilized where contact surface model (target and...
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Investigating the effects of structural pounding on the seismic performance of adjacent RC and steel MRFs
PublicationAn insufficient separation distance between adjacent buildings is the main reason for structural pounding during severe earthquakes. The lateral load resistance system, fundamental natural period, mass, and stiffness are important factors having the influence on collisions between two adjacent structures. In this study, 3-, 5- and 9-story adjacent reinforced concrete and steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were considered to investigate...
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Increasing the Seismic Resistance of Wood-frame Buildings by Applying PU Foam as Thermal Insulation
PublicationWood-frame buildings are very common in regions that are exposed to earthquakes. Most of residential buildings are constructed using this technology; therefore, the seismic resistance of them is really essential in order to prevent human losses and structural damage. The aim of the present article is to show the results of the detailed numerical FEM analysis focused on the seismic behaviour of the wood-frame house with different...
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Shaking table experimental study on damage mechanism of the disconnecting switch under seismic excitation
PublicationThe efficiency of the energetic network is a very import safety issue in the region experienced by the earthquake. High voltage disconnecting switches are important elements of the energetic infrastructure used to separate electric circuits (i.e. during repairs), which should not be damaged remaining fully operational. The aim of the paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental investigation focused on damage...
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Seismic performance evaluation of steel buckling-restrained braced frames including SMA materials
PublicationThe permanent deformation of the building after seismic excitations can be determined by the Maximum Residual Interstory Drift Ratio (MR-IDR), which may be used for measuring the damage states. Low-post yield stiffness of the steel buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) makes this system vulnerable to large MR-IDR after a severe earthquake event. To overcome this issue, this paper investigates the seismic limit state performances...
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Effects of Deck-Abutment Pounding on the Seismic Fragility Curves of Box-Girder Highway Bridges
PublicationEarthquake-induced pounding in bridges is a complex contact phenomenon in which the dynamic responses of structures, including collisions between deck and abutments, are strongly related to structural properties and earthquake excitation. The goal of this study is to develop and compare the seismic fragility curves of overall system and individual components of regular and irregular box-girder highway bridges in two cases: with...
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Investigation of the impact of ITRF2014/IGS14 on the positions of the reference stations in Europe
PublicationIn January 2017, the new realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) – ITRF2014, was released. Besides the higher accuracy and consistency of the new frame, an entirely new element – the post seismic deformation - was included. Moreover, the definition of the fundamental points has also been changed. All changes related to the new reference frame haveconsequences in the precise positioning using GNSS observations....
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Introducing a Computational Method to Retrofit Damaged Buildings under Seismic Mainshock-Aftershock Sequence
PublicationRetrofitting damaged buildings is a challenge for engineers, since commercial software does not have the ability to consider the local damages and deformed shape of a building resulting from the mainshock record of an earthquake before applying the aftershock record. In this research, a computational method for retrofitting of damaged buildings under seismic mainshock-aftershock sequences is proposed, and proposed computational...
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Predicting the seismic collapse capacity of adjacent SMRFs retrofitted with fluid viscous dampers in pounding condition
PublicationSevere damages of adjacent structures due to structural pounding during earthquakes have emphasized the need to use some seismic retrofit strategy to enhance the structural performance. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of using linear and nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) on the seismic collapse capacities of adjacent structures prone to pounding and proposing modification factors to modify the median...
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Predicting the seismic collapse capacity of adjacent SMRFs retrofitted with fluid viscous dampers in pounding condition
PublicationSevere damages of adjacent structures due to structural pounding during earthquakes have emphasized the need to use some seismic retrofit strategy to enhance the structural performance. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of using linear and nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) on the seismic collapse capacities of adjacent structures prone to pounding and proposing modification factors to modify the median...
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Effect of Base-Connection Strength and Ductility on the Seismic Performance of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames
PublicationColumn-base connections in steel moment-resisting frames (SMFs) in seismic regions are commonly designed to develop the capacity of adjoining column with an intent to develop a plastic hinge in the column member, rather than in the connection (i.e., a strong-base design). Recent research has shown base connections to possess high ductility, indicating that this practice may be not only expensive but also unnecessary. This suggests...
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Enhancing the Seismic Resistance of Columns by GFRP Confinement Using Flexible Adhesive-Experimental Study
PublicationIn this paper, the results of two experiments, focused on testing the effectiveness of a method of enhancing the seismic (dynamic) resistance of masonry columns with the use of flexible polymer adhesive, are shown. The first experiment was devoted to investigate the damping properties of a polymer working between two stiff layers, whereas the aim of the second one was to verify if the identified damping properties of the polymer...
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Reliability assessment of an OVH HV power line truss transmission tower subjected to seismic loading
PublicationThe study focuses on the reliability of a transmission tower OS24 ON150 + 10, an element of an OVH HV power line, under seismic loading. In order to describe the seismic force, the real-life recording of the horizontal component of the El Centro earthquake was adopted. The amplitude and the period of this excitation are assumed random, their variation is described by Weibull distribution. The possible space state of the phenomenon...
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Assessment of codes recommendations for the evaluation of the seismic gap of buildings founded on different soil types
PublicationSeveral equations have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the seismic gap preventing earthquake-induced structural pounding, such as the ones based on the absolute sum of the peak displacements (ABS), the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), the double difference method (DDC), Australian code and the approach proposed by Naderpour et al. The aim of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of these equations taking...
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Finite-element analysis of a base-isolated multi-storey steel building under seismic motions
PublicationNumerical simulation of the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey steel building, both fixed-base and base-isolated, under the 1940 El Centro earthquake was performed in this paper. The analyzed 4-storey building was decoupled from the shaking ground with the Polymeric Bearings, which can be considered a proposal of a new seismic isolation system. It consists of rectangular-shaped blocks made of a specially prepared flexible polymeric...
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Effective Formula for Impact Damping Ratio for Simulation of Earthquake-induced Structural Pounding
PublicationStructural pounding during earthquakes may cause substantial damage to colliding structures. The phenomenon is numerically studied using different models of collisions. The aim of the present paper is to propose an effective formula for the impact damping ratio, as a parameter of the impact force model used to study different problems of structural pounding under seismic excitations. Its accuracy has been verified by four various...
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Seismic gap between buildings founded on different soil types experiencing pounding during earthquakes
PublicationSeveral formulas have been suggested in the literature to evaluate the minimum seismic gap that would prevent collisions between adjacent buildings during earthquakes, including those based on the absolute sum of the peak displacements (ABS), square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), the double difference method (DDC), Australian code, and approach proposed by Naderpour et al. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the...
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Enhancing seismic performance of buckling-restrained brace frames equipped with innovative bracing systems
PublicationNowadays, to improve the performance of conventional bracing systems, in which, buckling in the pressure loads is the main disadvantage, the buckling-restrained brace (BRB) is introduced as a solution. In this study, the performance of the BRB system was improved with innovative lateral-resisting systems of double-stage yield buckling-restrained brace (DYB), and a combination of DYB improved with shape memory alloy (SMA) materials...