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Search results for: PROGRAMMABLE ANALOGUE CIRCUIT
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Programmable Input Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Using Multiple Output Current Conveyors
PublicationIn this paper a programmable input mode instrumentation amplifier (IA) utilising second generation, multiple output current conveyors and transmission gates is presented. Its main advantage is the ability to choose a voltage or current mode of inputs by setting the voltage of two configuration nodes. The presented IA is prepared as an integrated circuit block to be used alone or as a sub-block in a microcontroller or in a field...
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Bogdan Pankiewicz dr hab. inż.
PeopleBogdan Pankiewicz graduated in 1993 from the Department of Electronics at Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) and in 2002 he obtained a doctoral degree in the field of electronics at the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics at GUT. From the beginning of his career he is associated with GUT: first as an assistant (years 1994-2002) and then as assistant professor (since 2002) at the Faculty of Electronics,...
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CMOS implementation of an analogue median filter for image processing in real time
PublicationAn analogue median filter, realised in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. The key advantages of the filter are: high speed of image processing (50 frames per second), low-power operation (below 1.25 mW under 3.3 V supply) and relatively high accuracy of signal processing. The presented filter is a part of an integrated circuit for image processing (a vision chip), containing: a photo-sensor matrix, a set of...
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A New, Reconfigurable Circuit Offering Functionality of AND and OR Logic Gates for Use in Algorithms Implemented in Hardware
PublicationThe paper presents a programmable (using a 1-bit signal) digital gate that can operate in one of two OR or AND modes. A circuit of this type can also be implemented using conventional logic gates. However, in the case of the proposed circuit, compared to conventional solutions, the advantage is a much smaller number of transistors necessary for its implementation. Circuit is also much faster than its conventional counterpart. The...
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Measurement method for capacitive sensors for microcontrollers based on a phase shifter
PublicationA complete measurement method dedicated to capacitive sensors has been developed. It includes the development of hardware (an analogue interface circuit for microcontrollers with built-in times/counters and analogue comparators) and software (a measurement procedure and a systematic error calibration (correction) algorithm which is based on a calibration dictionary). The interface circuit consists of a low-pass filter and a phase...
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Characteristics of an image sensor with early-vision processing fabricated in standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology
PublicationThe article presents measurement results of prototype integrated circuits for acquisition and processing of images in real time. In order to verify a new concept of circuit solutions of analogue image processors, experimental integrated circuits were fabricated. The integrated circuits, designed in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology, contain the image sensor and analogue processors that perform low-level convolution-based image...
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Verification and Benchmarking in MPA Coprocessor Design Process
PublicationThis paper presents verification and benchmarking required for the development of a coprocessor digital circuit for integer multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). Its code is developed, with the use of very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), as an intellectual property core. Therefore, it can be used by a final user within their own computing system based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)....
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A 0.5 V Nanowatt Biquadratic Low-Pass Filter with Tunable Quality Factor for Electronic Cochlea Applications
PublicationA novel implementation of an analogue low-power, second-order, low-pass filter with tunable quality factor (Q) is presented and discussed. The filter feature is a relatively simple, buffer-based, circuit network consisting of eleven transistors operating in a subthreshold region. Q tuning is accomplished by injecting direct current into a network node, which changes the output resistance of the transistors and, as a result, modifies...
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Open-Source Coprocessor for Integer Multiple Precision Arithmetic
PublicationThis paper presents an open-source digital circuit of the coprocessor for an integer multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). The purpose of this coprocessor is to support a central processing unit (CPU) by offloading computations requiring integer precision higher than 32/64 bits. The coprocessor is developed using the very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) as an intellectual property (IP) core. Therefore,...
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FPGA implementation of the multiplication operation in multiple-precision arithmetic
PublicationAlthough standard 32/64-bit arithmetic is sufficient to solve most of the scientific-computing problems, there are still problems that require higher numerical precision. Multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA) libraries are software tools for emulation of computations in a user-defined precision. However, availability of a reconfigurable cards based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in computing systems allows one to implement...
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IP Core of Coprocessor for Multiple-Precision-Arithmetic Computations
PublicationIn this paper, we present an IP core of coprocessor supporting computations requiring integer multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). Whilst standard 32/64-bit arithmetic is sufficient to solve many computing problems, there are still applications that require higher numerical precision. Hence, the purpose of the developed coprocessor is to support and offload central processing unit (CPU) in such computations. The developed digital...
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEM ON CHIP TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
PublicationThe paper presents a review of technologies available for the implementation of digital and mixed signal systems, particularly the system on a chip (SoC) for space applications. The phenomena encountered in the space environment are briefly presented, together with the known solutions, regarding the design of complex electronic systems. The most important norms regarding single die integrated circuits designed for space are also...
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The Multiplatform Environment for Simulation and Features Estimation of Mixed-Signal Devices
PublicationThe use of simulation laboratories is gaining popularity in thedomains of engineering programs. However, the experience in teaching showsthat the simulation itself is not very effective in didactic processes. Teachingprocesses in thefield of specialist subjects, designed for students of technicaluniversities, should be based on direct operations performed by the student onreal devices. At the same time, at the later stages of didactic...
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Analogue GPS repeater
PublicationThis article concerns the problem of difficulty in correct indoor Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reception due to attenuation. Radio signal repeaters are proposed as means to solve this problem. Firstly, the GPS signal characteristics are described, emphasizing their low power in the point of reception. In the second part, various applications of GPS signal repeater, where indoor GPS signals reception is required, are...
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Circuit
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A Novel Multicast Architecture of Programmable Networks
PublicationIn the paper a multicast architecture for programmable networks based on separation of group management and network control tasks is proposed. Thanks to this separation, services which want to make use of multicast communications no longer have to implement low-level network functionalities and their operation is greatly simplified. Abstracting service’s view of the network into a fully connected cloud enables us to transparently...
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CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing
PublicationThe architecture concept of a high-speed low-power analogue vision chip, which performs low-level real-time image algorithms ispresented. The proof-of-concept prototype vision chip containing 32 × 32 photosensor array and 32 analogue processors is fabricated usinga 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The prototype can be configured to register and process images with very high speed, reaching 2000 framesper second, or achieve very low power...
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Geometric analogue of holographic reduced representation
PublicationHolographic reduced representations (HRRs) are distributed representations of cognitive structuresbased on superpositions of convolution-bound n-tuples. Restricting HRRs to n-tuples consisting of 1,one reinterprets the variable binding as a representation of the additive group of binary n-tupleswith addition modulo 2. Since convolutions are not defined for vectors, the HRRs cannot be directlyassociated with geometric structures....
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Comparison of modelling and measurement results of spectra emitted by a programmable lamp
PublicationNowadays artificial light with an optimized spectrum is used in many different applications. For instance, it is widely used in museums and exhibitions to illuminate the art. Moreover, such light stimulates the growth of plants, or can be applied in industry and healthcare. To achieve the best results for each application, the adjusting of a dedicated spectrum is required, which is a complicated task. The ongoing research is focused...
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On Applications of Fractional Derivatives in Circuit Theory
PublicationIn this paper, concepts of fractional-order (FO) derivatives are discussed from the point of view of applications in the circuit theory. The properties of FO derivatives required for the circuit-level modelling are formulated. Potential problems related to the generalization of transmission line equations with the use of FO derivatives are presented. It is demonstrated that some of formulations of the FO derivatives have limited...
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Programmable Digital Circuits
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Miernik elementów RLC na bazie układu ''programmable system On a Chip''
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowano miernik parametrów impedancyjnych oparty na układzie typu ''programmable system On a Chip'' firmy Cypress. Zawiera on w sobie mikroprocesor oraz reprogramowalne bloki analogowe i cyfrowe. Do budowy modelu wykorzystano układ CY8C26443, w którym zaimplementowano metodę pomiaru opartą na dyskretnym przekształceniu Fouriera pozwalającą, na podstawie zebranych próbek napięcia i prądu, wyznaczyć składowe Re...
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CIRCUIT WORLD
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Accelerated remyelination and immune modulation by the EBI2 agonist 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol analogue in the cuprizone model
PublicationResearch indicates a role for EBI2 receptor in remyelination, demonstrating that its deficiency or antagonism inhibits this process. However, activation of EBI2 with its endogenous ligand, oxysterol 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25OHC), does not enhance remyelination beyond the levels observed in spontaneously remyelinating tissue. We hypothesized that the short half-life of the natural ligand might explain this lack of beneficial...
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A Circuital Model of Electric Arc in a Circuit Breaker
PublicationThe paper presents a circuital model of arc in a circuit breaker. The model is intended to be used in simulations of the electric circuits transients. It was implemented in the ATP simulation program. The article presents also a few simulation examples of simple DC and AC circuit containing described arc model.
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Programmable feedforward linearized CMOS OTA for fully differential continuous-time filter design
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę linearyzacji wzmacniacza transkonduktancyjnego (OTA) CMOS z zastosowaniem sprzężenia w przód. Wzmacniacz zbudowany jest z użyciem prostych par różnicowych, wzmacniacza w pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego do samoregulacji transkonduktancji wzmacniaczy oraz liniowej rezystancji odniesienia (R). W wyniku uzyskano znaczną linaryzację charakterystyk przejściowych wzmacniacza OTA. Symulacje komputerowe SPICE...
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Programmable dynamically changing RC model for evaluation of Dynamic EIS methods and instrumentation
PublicationThe paper concerns the RC equivalent circuit of electrochemical cell with the impedance changed during the experiment. The model was constructed using the digital potentiometers controlled by the microcontroller. This solution allows to control the model impedance by the software means. By creating adequate changes of the impedance spectrum as a time function, the different impedance measurement method can be tested to find out...
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Electromagnetic-based derivation of fractional-order circuit theory
PublicationIn this paper, foundations of the fractional-order circuit theory are revisited. Although many papers have been devoted to fractional-order modelling of electrical circuits, there are relatively few foundations for such an approach. Therefore, we derive fractional-order lumped-element equations for capacitors, inductors and resistors, as well as Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws using quasi-static approximations of fractional-order...
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Capacitively coupled ECG measurements - a CMRR circuit improvement
PublicationA typical galvanic-connected electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement system utilizes two signal’s electrodes and a third one in driven-right-leg (DRL) circuit for improving a common-mode rejection ratio(CMRR) of the acquisition system. In capacitive-coupled ECG similar techniques are used, however it is expected, that the utilized DRL subsystem is formed using a capacitive coupling approach, too. An improvement of the acquisition system...
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On Applications of Elements Modelled by Fractional Derivatives in Circuit Theory
PublicationIn this paper, concepts of fractional-order (FO) derivatives are reviewed and discussed with regard to element models applied in the circuit theory. The properties of FO derivatives required for the circuit-level modeling are formulated. Potential problems related to the generalization of transmission-line equations with the use of FO derivatives are presented. It is demonstrated that some formulations of FO derivatives have limited...
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Fractional Order Circuit Elements Derived from Electromagnetism
PublicationIn this paper, derivations of fractional-order (FO) circuit-element equations from electromagnetism are presented. Whilst many papers are devoted to FO modelling of electrical circuits, there are no strong foundations for such an approach. Therefore, we investigate relations between the FO electromagnetism and the FO circuit theory. Our derivations start from quasi-static (QS) approximations of Maxwell's equations in media with...
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Control systems with programmable controllers - teaching aspects.
PublicationSterowniki programowalne są obecnie podstawowymi urządzeniami wykorzystywanymi w systemach sterowania i dlatego od absolwentów uczelni technicznych, a szczególnie absolwentów wydziałów elektrycznych, oczekuje się posiadania przynajmniej podstawowej wiedzy o sterownikach programowalnych i ich zastosowaniach. W pracy przedstawiono wybrane aspekty wprowadzenia do dydaktyki przedmiotu ''Systemy sterowania ze sterownikami programowalnymi''...
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Programmable digital circuits in practical laboratory educations
PublicationPrzedstawiono przegląd teoretyczny problematyki układów programowalnych. Przedstawiono rzeczywiste systemy laboratoryjne wykorzystywane na Politechnice Gdańskiej i Uniwersytecie w Birzeit w Palestynie. Przedstawiono szczegółowo opracowany na WEiE zestaw laboratoryjny ZLA1 i przykładowe tematy zajęć dydaktycznych.
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Programmable CMOS operational transconductance amplifier OTA
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono ulepszoną wersję programowalnego wzmacniacza transkonduktacyjnego o szerokim paśmie przepustowym. Zaprojektowany wzmacniacz został przesymulowany komputerowo oraz wyprodukowany w technologii CMOS. Wyniki wskazują na ponad 450 krotną możliwość zmiany współczynnika transkonduktancji oraz 3dB pasmo częstotliwościowe leżące powyżej 300MHz. Przedstawiono również zastosowanie wzmacniacza OTA w analogowej tablicy...
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Analogue CMOS ASICs in Image Processing Systems
PublicationIn this paper a survey of analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for low-level image processing, called vision chips, is presented. Due to the specific requirements, the vision chips are designed using different architectures best suited to their functions. The main types of the vision chip architectures and their properties are presented and characterized on selected examples of prototype integrated circuits (ICs)...
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Programmable Digital Circuits (2023/2024)
e-Learning Courses -
Experimental investigation of the weight averaging of pulse frequency modulated sensor output signal
Open Research DataThe research aims to practically verify the results of theoretical analysis and simulations of the efficiency of weight averaging of pulse frequency modulated signal. For this purpose, a suitable test stand was built, and the control software in the LabVIEW environment was prepared. Then, a series of experiments were carried out to process and analyze...
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A spice equivalent circuit for modeling the performance of dual frequency echo-sounder
PublicationThe paper presents novel network equivalent circuit of piezoceramic circular disc transducers that takes into account thickness and radial mode of vibrations. The starting point of the analysis is 4-port description of circular disc element representing the solution of wave equation set in radial and thickness directions. The approximate solution for harmonic case is represented in the form of 4x4 matrix, which is synthesised and...
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Calculations of Short-Circuit Current Flows in Earth Wires of HV Lines
PublicationThis paper presents a method which enables calculating flows of short-circuit currents in earth wires of high voltage transmission lines, and its implementation in the form of a computer programme. The algorithm enables performing calculations for a double-fed line and starconnected lines (three terminal lines). The developed programme enables verifying dimensioning of earth wires in the context of their short-circuit thermal withstand...
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Naval mine detection system based of FPGA circuit
PublicationElectrochemical processes take place in a metal object immersed into sea water even if an anticorrosive coating is applied [1]. As a result, flowing field appears around the object. There are naval mines between many other objects situated in the sea. Naval mines can be put in the seabed in order to be more difficult to detect by sonars. Such a mine is located on the line demarking two environments of different electrical conductivity....
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Novel single-stage buck-boost inverter with unfolding circuit
PublicationA novel solution of a single-stage buck-boost inverter with unfolding circuit at the output stage is presented. The inverter has a wide range of input voltage regulation, minimum passive components and a very flexible control structure. It can be applied for renewable energy systems where high power density is required. Our simulation results confirmed all theoretical statements
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Programmable Controllers [EE][I][2023/24]
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Measurements of no-load and short-circuit parameters of power transformers with taps
Open Research Data1) The Laboratory LINTE^2 is a large research infrastructure operated by the Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering at Gdańsk University of Technology, to be found in Gdańsk, Poland (54.3690 N, 18.6130 E).
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Certified Integrated Circuit Design Lab - obtaining the certificate and the benefits of having it
PublicationThis paper describes the process of establishing and maintaining a certified integrated circuit design lab. The advantages of having a certification for the lab are presented, and also how to obtain the certificate based on the example of Cadence Certified Lab at Gdansk University of Technology, Poland. Various integrated circuits designed at the lab are also briefly shown.
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Analog filter design system for field programmable analog array.
PublicationObiektowy system do automatycznego projektowania filtrów kaskadowych i symetrycznych filtrów FLF z wykorzystaniem wzmacniaczy transkonuktancyjnych OTACi bloków bikwadratowych z optymalizacją zakresu dynamiki, zniekształceń i wrażliwości. System umożliwia realizację standardowych aproksymacji charakterystyk amplitudowych oraz dowolnie zdefiniowanych przez użytkownika.
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PROGRAMMABLE YANG - BASED INTERFACE IN CONTROL OF OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK
PublicationSince over a decade we observe intensive effort of research institutions and industrial consortia on extending flexibility and automation of the transport network control also known under the term network programmability. Key aspect of each programming interface is ability to evolve but also sensitivity to future modifications. As indicated in the past work in the specific context of optical transport networks an important criterion...
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Magnetic Field Generated by Short Circuit Current in the 110 kV Power System
PublicationElectric fields within tissues induced by magnetic fields including transients or short-term peaks should not be time averaged and be regarded as instantaneous values as established in the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non - Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines. Measurements of power lines magnetic fields with regard to human beings exposure are carried out typically with maximum current load at current balance condition...
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Zero-Pole Approach in Microwave Passive Circuit Design
PublicationIn this thesis, optimization strategies for design of microwave passive structures including filters, couplers, antenna and impedance transformer and construction of various surroogate models utilized to fasten the design proces have been discussed. Direct and hybrid optimization methodologies including space mapping and multilevel algorithms combined with various surrogate models at different levels of fidelity have been utilized...
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Representation of magnetic hysteresis in single-phase transformer for circuit simulations
PublicationThe paper presents a mathematical model for the hysteresis phenomenon in a multi-winding single-phase core type transformer. In the circuit transformer model, it is assumed that there is a flux common Φ to all windings as nonlinear and hysteretic function of the total currents Θ (Ampere turns) of all windings. To simulate magnetic behaviour of the iron core the feedback scalar Preisach model of hysteresis is developed. The Preisach...
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Automatic tuning of a resonant circuit in wireless power supply systems for biomedical sensors
PublicationIn this paper, a tuning method of a resonant circuit suited for wireless powering of miniature endoscopic capsules is presented and discussed. The method allows for an automatic tuning of the resonant frequency and matching impedance of a full wave rectifier loading the resonant circuit. Thereby, the receiver tunes so as to obtain the highest power efficiency under given conditions of transmission. A prototype receiver for wireless...