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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: Reliability
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Evolutionary Sets of Cooperating Ship Trajectories: COLREGS Compliance
PublikacjaThe paper presents a newly designed improvement to the method of solving multi-ship encounter situations. In general, the method combines some of the assumptions of game theory with evolutionary programming and aims to find optimal set of cooperating trajectories of all ships involved in an encounter situation. The improvement presented here is a new way of modelling some of the COLREGS rules. Due to this change, the method is...
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Knowledge-based functional safety management using ProSIL software
PublikacjaIn the article the ProSIL software for computer aided functional safety management is presented. The software consists of three modules for the determination of the required SIL level (ProSILen) and verification of the SIL level (ProSILver). In the ProSIL the calibrated knowledge-based risk graph method for determining the required safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety functions identified in hazard analysis is implemented....
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Problems in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher integriity levels
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some problems that have been encountered in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher safety integrity levels (SIL 3 and SIL 4) in the light of analyses outlined in a new version of the international standard IEC 61508:2010. Examples of such solutions are the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) and the safety instrumented systems...
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Road safety analysis in Poland using time-series modelling techniques
PublikacjaA number of international studies argue that there is a correlation between the number of traffic fatalities and the degree of public activity. The studies use the unemployment rate to support that argument. As unemployment grows miles travelled fall, a factor known to affect road safety. This relationship seems to be true for Poland, as well. The model presented in the paper is intended to prove it. It is a structural time-series local...
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Modelling selected road safety measures at the regional level in Europe
PublikacjaRegions are Europe’s basic levels of management. The literature was reviewed to identify regional safety analyses and some of the factors that are important for road safety in the regions. Next, data were collected atthe regional NUTS 2 level in Europe for the years 1999-2008. An analysis of the data helped identify f actors which have the strongest bearing on fatalities and other safety measures. This paper presents the initial...
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Designing issues of the alarm system in context of functional safety and human factors
PublikacjaThis article addresses selected aspects of the alarm system and human factors that should be evaluated during the design and operation of an industrial hazardous installation. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often applied for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To reduce and control the risks the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Towards systemic functional safety and security management in hazardous plants
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues related to functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants. The safety functions are to be realised using the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) or the safety instrumented systems (SISs) that are designed and operated respectively according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 requirements in life cycle. Although the role...
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Integrated safety and security analysis of hazardous plants and systems of critical infrastructure
PublikacjaThis article addresses an integrated safety and security analysis approach of hazardous industrial plants and systems of critical infrastructure. Nowadays due to new hazards that emerge there are opinions among experts that these issues require an integrated approach in life cycle, from the design concept, through the design and operation of the plant, to its decommissioning. It is proposed to start from an interesting methodology...
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Determining required safety integrity level
PublikacjaOne of the most important stage of technical system functional safety analysis is defining the safety-related functions as well as determining safety integrity level (SIL) for each defined function. A properly carried out hazard identyfication process is the necessary condition for correct definition of the safety-related functions. Determining the safety integrity level (SIL) is based on risk assessment taking into account risk...
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Zarządzanie jakością i niezawodnością oprogramowania w systemach związanych z bezpieczeństwem
PublikacjaW artykule poruszono problem zapewnienia wymaganej jakości i niezawodności oprogramowania stosowanego w systemach związanych z bezpieczeństwem. Przedstawiono podstawowe rodzaje modeli niezawodnościowych oprogramowania i wynikające z nich specyficzne właściwości tego elementu systemu. Na przykładzie "Modelu V" cyklu życia omówiono zasady zarządzania procesem wytwarzania oprogramowania, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli procesów...
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Determining diagnostic coverage of elements and analysis of subsystems` architectural constraints
PublikacjaWypełnienie funkcji bezpieczeństwa przez systemy E/E/PE łączy się z niezawodnym działaniem podsystemów, których struktura i właściwości muszą gwarantować skuteczne i szybkie wykrywanie uszkodzeń. Do określenia przeciętnego prawdopodobieństwa niewypełnienia funkcji bezpieczeństwa na żądanie (PFDavg) niezbędna jest znajomość pokrycia diagnostycznego w odniesieniu do wszystkich podsystemów. Najlepiej, aby podsystemy były zaliczane...
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Human factor and functional Safety analysis = Czynniki ludzkie i analiza bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego
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Risk analysis and functional safety management = Analiza ryzyka i zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem funkcjonalnym
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Integrity level verification for safety-related functions
PublikacjaThis article describes methods for safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety-related functions with regard to probabilistic criteria given international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. These functions are to be realized using the electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems or safety instrumented systems (SIS). Some methods are proposed for quantitative probabilistic modelling taking into account...
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Certification system of persons responsible for functional Safety = System certyfikacji osób odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo funkcjonalne
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ProSIL software for computer aided functional Safety management = Program komputerowy ProSIL do wspomagania zarządzaniem bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego
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Computerized control and protection systems in technical objects and installations = Komputerowe systemy sterowania i zabezpieczeń w obiektach oraz instalacjach technicznych
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia zagadnienia dotyczące systemów komputerowych sterowania i układów automatyki bezpieczeństwa. Rozwój automatyki i informatyki na przestrzeni ostatnich lat wymusił wprowadzenie szeregu nowych rozwiązań technicznych, dotyczących procesów sterowania i kontroli instalacji technicznych. Dąży się do automatyzacji kompleksowej instalacji technicznych, rozumianej, jako możliwość sterowania wszystkimi układami i urządzeniami...
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Framework for RIDM within functional safety management process
PublikacjaThe functional safety management in life cycle is a complex process starting with identifying hazards and defining safety-related functions (SRFs) with risk assessment oriented at determining the safety integrity level. Another element of such life cycle is a verification of required SIL for designed safety-related system which implements safety function. Due to complexity of the problem, to overcome difficulties in safety-related...
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Current challenges and methodological issues of functional safety and security management in hazardous technical systems
PublikacjaCelem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie problemów oceny ryzyka w kontekście stosowania systemów elektrycznych / elektronicznych / programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE) z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego i zabezpieczeń (ochrony). Zadaniem rozwiązań bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego jest efektywne redukowanie ryzyka wychodząc z poziomu nieakceptowanego. Ryzyko jest definiowane jako kombinacja prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia...
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Procedure based functional safety and information security management of industrial automation and control systems on example of the oil port installations
PublikacjaThe approach addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety and security requirements specified in standards IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and IEC 62443. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of...
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Towards a process based management system for oil port infrastructure in context of insurance
PublikacjaThis article addresses selected methodological aspects of a process based management system based on analysis of hazards and threats and risk evaluation for an oil port infrastructure in context of insurance. The oil port terminal is regarded as important system of the critical infrastructure that require careful system oriented approach to deal with integrated aspects of environmental, safety and security management to reduce...
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Cognitive engineering and functional safety technology for reducing risks in hazardous plants
PublikacjaCognitive engineering is considered nowadays as interesting multidisciplinary domain that focuses on improving the relations between humans and the systems that are supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are designed and implemented according to the functional safety concept. The objective is to maintain...
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Functional safety with cybersecurity for the control and protection systems on example of the oil port infrastructure
PublikacjaSafety and cybersecurity aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the industrial control and protection systems in the oil port installation. It is the main reason why the analyses of safety and cybersecurity shouldn’t be integrated directly. These article presented some important issues of the functional safety analysis with regard to cybersecurity aspects in the oil seaport infrastructure. The proposed...
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Navigational decision support system during approach manoeuvre in emergency STS transfer operation
PublikacjaThe paper is concerned with the problem of safe trajectory planning for approaching during emergency STS (Ship to Ship) transfer operation with oil spill. The safe trajectory means that the way points does not cross in the area of the environment with the static and dynamic obstacles and at the same time satisfies ship's stopping and speed deceleration performance. The evolutionary path planning algorithm is used to determine trajectory...
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Integrated approach for functional safety and cyber security management in maritime critical infrastructures
PublikacjaThe work is devoted important issues of the management in maritime critical infrastructure of functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with...
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Organizational culture as prerequisite of proactive safety and security management in critical infrastructure systems including hazardous plants and ports
PublikacjaThis article addresses selected aspects of organizational culture to be considered in the context of knowledge based proactive safety and security management of plants, ports and systems of critical infrastructure. It has been often emphasized in the domain literature that business effectiveness of such plants and their resilience against hazards and threats to avoid major accidents depends substantially on human and organizational...
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An updated method identifying collision-prone locations for ships. A case study for oil tankers navigating in the Gulf of Finland
PublikacjaTo ensure the risk level associated with continuously increasing maritime traffic through particularly sensitive sea areas remains at acceptable level, a periodic risk assessment needs to be carried out by the relevant authorities. As a part of such assessment, allowing for proactive countermeasures to mitigate risk, the frequency of accidents is estimated along with the assessment of geographical locations where the accidents...
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A probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components
PublikacjaThe work proposes a probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components using Bayesian inference and limited measurement data. The new approach for modelling measurement uncertainty is proposed based on the results of previous corrosion tests that incorporate the non-uniform character of the corroded surface of structural components. The proposed framework's basic features are outlined,...
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A framework for onboard assessment and monitoring of flooding risk due to open watertight doors for passenger ships
PublikacjaPost-accident safety of ships is governed by damage stability, affected by watertight subdivisions which limit accidental flooding. This is important for passenger ships with watertight doors (WTDs) often fitted in the bulkheads. Awareness of the ship flooding risk due to open WTDs and the conditions under which the associated risk level changes are prerequisites for proactive risk mitigation. Accident risk is often expressed as...
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Determining and verifying the safety integrity level of the safety instrumented systems with the uncertainty and security aspects
PublikacjaSafety and security aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the control and protection systems. In the paper it is proposed that the security analysis results can be used as a factor increasing or decreasing the risk level. It concerns a process of determining required safety integrity level of given safety functions. The authors propose a new approach for functional safety risk analysis. In this case...
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Towards the development of a system-theoretic model for safety assessment of autonomous merchant vessels
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Towards the assessment of potential impact of unmanned vessels on maritime transportation safety
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Maritime transportation risk analysis: Review and analysis in light of some foundational issues
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Towards a probabilistic model for predicting ship besetting in ice in Arctic waters
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On a systematic perspective on risk for formal safety assessment (FSA)
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Enhancing human performance in ship operations by modifying global design factors at the design stage
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A framework for risk assessment for maritime transportation systems—A case study for open sea collisions involving RoPax vessels
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Probability modelling of vessel collisions
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Support for argument structures review and assessment
PublikacjaArgument structures are commonly used to develop and present cases for safety, security and for other properties of systems. Such structures tend to grow excessively, which causes problems with their review and assessment. Two issues are of particular interest: (1) systematic and explicit assessment of the compelling power of an argument, and (2) communication of the result of such an assessment to relevant recipients. The paper...
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Collision Risk-Informed Weather Routing for Sailboats
PublikacjaSelected COLREG rules, good seamanship and sheer common sense indicate that it is in a sailboat's interest to follow collision-free routes without relying on large power-driven ships to give way. Until now, however, no method has integrated a sailboat's weather routing with collision risk monitoring and collision avoidance. Therefore, a new deterministic approach to combine the above features within one method is introduced here....
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Accident susceptibility index for a passenger ship-a framework and case study
PublikacjaThe continuous monitoring and assessment of operational vulnerability and accident susceptibility of passenger ships is crucial from the perspective of ship and passenger safety. Despite the existing solutions for vulnerability monitoring, stemming mainly from watertight door operations, a comprehensive framework for accident susceptibility assessment and monitoring is missing in the literature. Therefore, this paper offers a...
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Know your safety indicator – A determination of merchant vessels Bow Crossing Range based on big data analytics
PublikacjaEven in the era of automatization maritime safety constantly needs improvements. Regardless of the presence of crew members on board, both manned and autonomous ships should follow clear guidelines (no matter as bridge procedures or algorithms). To date, many safety indicators, especially in collision avoidance have been proposed. One of such parameters commonly used in day-to-day navigation but usually omitted by researchers is...
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Towards a modification of a regulatory framework aiming at bunker oil spill prevention from ships - A design aspect of bunker tanks vents location guided by CFD simulations
PublikacjaAlthough accidental bunker oil spills at seaway are relatively rare events, they can be pose real threat to the natural marine environment. One of the reasons for the bunker spill to occur is a design failure; one of the ways it can demonstrate is an improper location or height of vent heads, leading to a bunker oil discharge during heavy rolling, due to sloshing phenomenon. Design of a ship and her systems is guided by various...
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Holistic collision avoidance decision support system for watchkeeping deck officers
PublikacjaThe paper presents a 3-stage synthesis-based Decision Support System for watchkeeping deck officers. Its functional scope covers conflict detection, maneuver selection, and maneuver execution, all phases supplemented by collision alerts. First, a customized elliptic ship domain is used for checking if both OS and TS will have enough free space. A survey-based navigators’ declarative OS arena is then used to determine the time at...
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Towards an analysis framework for operational risk coupling mode: A case from MASS navigating in restricted waters
PublikacjaMaritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) constitute highly interconnected and tightly coupled multistate systems. Incorporating the coupling effects of both interactions and dependencies is centrally important to ensure navigation safety of MASSs. This paper proposes a framework for examining the coupling effects in the operational modes (OM) of MASSs. Failure Modes (FMs) of MASSs related to interactions with the environment and...
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A framework estimating the minimum sample size and margin of error for maritime quantitative risk analysis
PublikacjaThe average accident frequency is essential for quantitative risk analysis and is conventionally estimated from accident statistics. This paper has systematically synthesised the knowledge on statistical errors and offered the missing instructions, a framework, for determining the minimum sample size and the margin of error (MOE) when calculating the average accident frequency from an accident database at hand. We have applied...
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A risk comparison framework for autonomous ships navigation
PublikacjaMaritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) may operate in three predefined operational modes (OM): manual, remote, or autonomous control. Determining the appropriate OM for MASS is important for operators and competent authorities that monitor and regulate maritime traffic in given areas. However, a science-based approach to this respect is currently unavailable. To assist the selection of the proper OM, this study presents a risk-based...
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A ship domain-based model of collision risk for near-miss detection and Collision Alert Systems
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new model of ship collision risk, which utilises a ship domain concept and the related domain-based collision risk parameters. An encounter is here described by five variables representing: degree of domain violation (DDV), relative speed of the two vessels, combination of the vessels’ courses, arena violations and encounter complexity. As for the first three variables, their values can be directly computed...
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Nonlocal Vibration of Carbon/Boron-Nitride Nano-hetero-structure in Thermal and Magnetic Fields by means of Nonlinear Finite Element Method
PublikacjaHybrid nanotubes composed of carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes have manifested as innovative building blocks to exploit the exceptional features of both structures simultaneously. On the other hand, by mixing with other types of materials, the fabrication of relatively large nanotubes would be feasible in the case of macroscale applications. In the current article, a nonlinear finite element formulation is employed to deal with...
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Stability analysis of nanobeams in hygrothermal environment based on a nonlocal strain gradient Timoshenko beam model under nonlinear thermal field
PublikacjaThis article is dedicated to analyzing the buckling behavior of nanobeam subjected to hygrothermal environments based on the principle of the Timoshenko beam theory. The hygroscopic environment has been considered as a linear stress field model, while the thermal environment is assumed to be a nonlinear stress field based on the Murnaghan model. The size-dependent effect of the nanobeam is captured by the nonlocal strain gradient...