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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: CURRENCY
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Sinusoidal Alternating-Current Voltammetry and Metrological Properties of a Flat Voltammetric Electrode in the Time Domain
PublikacjaIn this paper there were analyzed metrological properties of a flat electrode used to mark ions with the method of sinusoidal alternating-current voltammetry in the situation where on its surface an electrochemical reversible reaction of oxidizing / reduction takes place. The result of the analysis conducted is that such a voltammetric electrode functions like a converter type I. Metrological properties of such an electrode in...
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Errors in the analysis of series resonant inverter/converter assuming sinusoidal waveforms of voltage and current
PublikacjaIn this paper the theory and simulation results of the series resonant inverter / converter are presented. In this work the authors carried out a detailed comparative analysis of results obtained using the method of AC analysis in the steady state for the first harmonic with the results of computer simulation. The AC analysis under certain conditions can lead to errors disqualifying this method. In particular, these errors appear...
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Selected Aspects of Biofuels Market and the Electromobility Development in Poland: Current Trends and Forecasting Changes
PublikacjaThis work presents basic information associated with markets of selected alternative fuels used in transport, such as methyl esters, conventional bioethanol and lignocellulosic bioethanol, and the market of electrical vehicles. Legal conditions, which stimulate development and regulate the mode of functioning of the liquid biofuel market until 2020 are discussed, based on provisions of EU directives. Data on biofuel production...
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Impact of thermal backfill parameters on current-carrying capacity of power cables installed in the ground
PublikacjaProper design of power installations with the participation of power cables buried in homogeneous and thermally well-conductive ground does not constitute a major problem. The situation changes when the ground is non-homogeneous and thermally low-conductive. In such a situation, a thermal backfill near the cables is commonly used. The optimization of thermal backfill parameters to achieve the highest possible current-carrying capacity...
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Measurements of the rms currents in two phases in a ship power station with two generators operating in parallel
Dane BadawczeThe presented dataset is part of research focusing on the assessment of metrological properties of the instrument, Estimator/Analyzer (E/A v.2), developed and made at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Marine Electrical Power Engineering of Gdynia Maritime University. The attached dataset contains processed data, expressing the rms...
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Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning
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PLoS Currents-Tree of Life
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Derivation of motor mean phase currents in PMSM drives operating with low switching-to-fundamental frequency ratio
PublikacjaPulse width modulation (PWM) of inverter output voltage causes the waveforms of motor phase cur-rents to consist of distinctive ripples. In order to provide suitable feedback for the motor current con-trollers, the mean value must be extracted from the currents’ waveforms in every PWM cycle. A com-mon solution to derive the mean phase currents is to sample their value at the midpoint of a symmetrical PWM cycle. Using an assumption...
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Currently Commercially Available Chemical Sensors Employed for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Outdoor and Indoor Air
PublikacjaThe paper presents principle of operation and design of the most popular chemical sensors for measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor and indoor air. It describes the sensors for evaluation of explosion risk including pellistors and IR-absorption sensors as well as the sensors for detection of toxic compounds such as electrochemical (amperometric), photoionization and semiconductor with solid electrolyte ones....
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EGATEC: A new high-resolution engineering model of the global atmospheric electric circuit—Currents in the lower atmosphere
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Solventless and solvent-minimized sample preparation techniques for determining currently used pesticides in water samples: A review
PublikacjaThe intensification of agriculture means that increasing amounts of toxic organic and inorganic compounds are entering the environment. The pesticides generally applied nowadays are regarded as some of the most dangerous contaminants of the environment. Their presence in the environment, especially in water, is hazardous because they cause human beings to become more susceptible to disease. For these reasons, it is essential to...
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Thermally stimulated currents in amorphous solids at mixed carrier recombination, Part I: Non-equilibrium approximation
PublikacjaPodano opis teoretyczny prądów termicznie stymulowanych dla przypadku mieszanej rekombinacji nośników ładunku, przy założeniu początkowego zapełnienia głębokich stanów pułapkowych oraz silnie nierównowagowego rozkładu nośników w aktywnych pułapkach. Otrzymane wyrażenia zweryfikowano za pomocą obliczeń numerycznych dla przypadku wykładniczego rozkładu pułapek.
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Impact of eddy currents on Barkhausen and magnetoacoustic emission intensity in a steel plate magnetized by a C-core electromagnet.
PublikacjaZbadano (zmierzono i modelowano metodą elementów skończonych) wpływ częstości magnesowania na przestrzenny i czasowy rozkład indukcji magnetycznej wewnątrz płyty stalowej. Wyznaczono i zmierzono natężenie polowego rozkładu Barkhausena (HEB) na powierzchni płyty oraz natężnie emisji magnetoakustycznej (EMA) z całej magnesowanej objętości. Wykazano, iż obserwowane zmiany w natężeniu HEB i EMA są wynikiem zmian w rozkładzie indukcji...
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Modeling the impact of rotor movement on non-linearity of motor currents waveforms in high-speed PMSM drives
PublikacjaMotor current measurement techniques as well as predictive control algorithms for electric drives rely on an assumption of linear motor currents changes resulting from constant inverter output voltages. Recent research has reported that this assumption does not hold in motors with short electrical time constant, and in drives whose rotor position advances substantially during a control period. This paper proposes a simulation model...
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Current trends in consumption of multimedia content using online streaming platforms: A user-centric survey
PublikacjaIn its early days, consumption of multimedia content was only possible at a stationary terminal device. The music player was located at home, and had to have a physical drive. Over the last decade, there has been an enormous increase in the number of online streaming platforms. These services enable users to consume rich multimedia content on various devices. Thanks to the widespread and availability of portable devices, any person...
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REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH ON CHITOSAN AS A RAW MATERIAL IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
PublikacjaThree-dimensional (3D) biomaterial manufacturing strategies show an extraordinary driving force for the development of innovative solutions in the biomedical sector, including drug delivery systems, disease modelling and tissue and organ engineering. Due to its remarkable and promising biological and structural properties, chitosan has been widely studied for decades in several potential applications in the biomedical field. However,...
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A Development of a Capacitive Voltage Divider for High Voltage Measurement as Part of a Combined Current and Voltage Sensor
PublikacjaThis article deals with the development of capacitive voltage divider for high voltage measurements and presents a method of analysis and optimization of its parameters. This divider is a part of a combined voltage and current sensor for measurements in high voltage power networks. The sensor allows continuous monitoring of the network distribution status and performs a quick diagnosis and location of possible network failures....
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Verification of safety in low-voltage power systems without nuisance tripping of residual current devices
PublikacjaLow-voltage power systems require initial and periodical verification to check the effectiveness of protection against electric shock. As a protection in case of fault, automatic disconnection of supply is most often used. To verify such a protection measure, the earth fault loop impedance or resistance is measured. This measurement is easy to perform in circuits without residual current devices. When residual current devices are...
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The effect of PWM frequency on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock using residual current devices
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono analizę widmową odkształconego prądu ziemnozwarciowego z obwodu silnika o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej za pomocą przemiennika częstotliwości. Oszacowano wpływ tego odkształcenia na próg fibrylacji serca. Analizowano skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej wykorzystującej wyłączniki różnicowoprądowe przy różnych wartościach częstotliwości PWM przemiennika. Przedstawiono charakterystykę działania zaproponowanego...
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High step-up continuous input current LCCT-Z-source inverters for fuel cells
PublikacjaFalowniki typu Z (ZSI) przeznaczone są do układów wymagających szerokiej zmiany wzmocnienia napięciowego, np. w energetyce odnawialnej. Ostatnio zaproponowano w literaturze zmienione struktury - falowniki typu Trans-Z (TZSI) oraz typu T (TSI) - w których dzięki zastosowaniu dławików sprzężonych uzyskano lepsze wzmocnienie niż w ZSI. W tym artykule przedstawiono ideę rozszerzonej struktury TZSI. Zaproponowano dwie nowe struktury...
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The effect of PWM frequency on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock using residual current devices
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono analizę widmową odkształconego prądu ziemnozwarciowego z obwodu silnika o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej za pomocą przemiennika częstotliwości. Oceniono skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej wykorzystującej wyłączniki różnicowoprądowe przy różnych wartościach częstotliwości PWM przemiennika. Przedstawiono charakterystykę działania proponowanego wyłącznika różnicowoprądowego.
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Residual Current Devices Operational Characteristics within the Frequency Range 50 Hz to 1000 Hz.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono charakterystyki działania powszechnie stosowanych wyłączników różnicowoprądowych przy prądach różnicowych w zakresie częstotliwości 50÷1000 Hz. Częstotliwość wyższa niż 50 Hz wpływa niekorzystnie na prąd zadziałania wyłączników, a w skrajnych przypadkach mogą one w ogóle nie reagować na wolno narastający prąd różnicowy.
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Computer aided registration of current pulses in polyethylene insulation during the first stage of electrical treeing.
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono aplikację w programie Labview do automatycznej rejestracji impulsów prądowych zjawisku drzewienia elektrycznego w izolacji polietylenowej.
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Optoelectronic properties of the metal-tetracene interface investigated by current noise measurement under monochromatic irradiation.
PublikacjaZaprezentowano badania prądów ograniczonych elektrodowo w warstwach tetracenu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależność szumów elektrycznych od przyłożonego napięcia i padającego światła.
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Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment: Current status, research progress, and future prospects
PublikacjaWastewater treatment is an important topic for improving water quality and environmental protection, and artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for wastewater treatment. This work provides research progress and a literature review of artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment based on the visualization of bibliometric tools. A total of 3460 publications from 2000 to 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science...
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Harmonic analysis of the current of an electric system simulating the electrode process in conditions of linearly changing potential
PublikacjaAnalizowany był prąd elektrycznego modelu symulującego pierwszorzędową reakcję elektrodową zachodzącą w warunkach liniowo zmieniającego się potencjału z nałożonym sygnałem sinusoidalnym. Pokazano, że transformacja Fouriera nie odzwierciedla zmian amplitudy składowych komponentów w funkcji potencjału. Także matematycznie wykazano, że zastosowanie transformacji Gabora do analizy spektralnej pozwala uzyskać poprawną dekompozycję częstotliwościową....
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Selectivity of lithium electrodes: correlation with ion-ionophore complexstability constants and with interfacial exchange current densities
PublikacjaMembranowe elektrody selektywne na jony litu oparte na dwóch różnych dicyk-lohesyloamidowych jonoforach poddane zostały systematycznym badaniom. Potencjometrycznie wyznaczono wartości współczynników selektywności. Wartości stałych trwałości kompleksów z jonami litu, sodu i potasu wyznaczono metodą membran "sandwichowych". Transfer ładunków przez membranę oraz przez granicę faz membrana/roztwór badano metodą spektroskopii impedancyjnej....
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Stability Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter with Predictive Closed-Loop Control of Supply Current
PublikacjaThis paper presents a shunt active power filter connected to the grid via an LCL coupling circuit with implemented closed‐loop control. The proposed control system allows selective harmonic currents compensation up to the 50th harmonic with the utilization of a model‐based predictive current controller. As the system is fully predictive, it provides high effectiveness of the harmonic reduction, which is proved by waveforms achieved...
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Simulation Studies of Control Systems for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Supplied by the Current Source Converter
PublikacjaThe control system for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) supplied by a grid-connected Current Source Converter (CSC) is presented in this paper. Nonlinear transformation of DFIG model to the multi-scalar form is proposed. The nonlinear control strategy of active and reactive power of DFIG is realized by feedback linearization. In the proposed control scheme, the DFIG model and CSI parameters are included. Two Proportional-Integral...
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Deep eutectic solvents microbial toxicity: Current state of art and critical evaluation of testing methods
PublikacjaDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) were described at the beginning of 21st century and they consist of a mixture of two or more solid components, which gives rise to a lower melting point compared to the starting materials. Over the years, DESs have proved to be a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) due to their low volatility, low inflammability, easy preparation, and usually low cost of compounds...
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RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
PublikacjaThe wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against...
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On the Use of Automatic Cuts Algorithm for T0 – T – Φ Formulation in Nondestructive Testing by Eddy Current
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A new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices. The method enables measuring fault loop resistance without nuisance tripping of residual current devices, by application an unconventional waveform of measurement current. It is important for proper verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock.
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublikacjaMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Method and measurement system for DC characteristics measurement of power diodes in very wide current range
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono układ pomiarowy do pomiaru charakterystyk stałoprądowych diod. Pomiar przeprowadzany jest metodą impulsową w celu zapewnienia stałej temperatury badanego elementu w trakcie pomiaru. Do zapewnienia odpowiedniej liczby punktów pomiarowych wykorzystano układ zmodyfikowanej drabinki R2R z pojedynczymi kluczami sterującymi.
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Comparison of induction motor bearing diagnostic test results through vibration and stator current measurement
PublikacjaThe paper discusses results of tests performed by authors, related to the angine bearings diagnostic using vibration and stator current measurements. The paper contains the description of an automatic measurement system, developed for measurement of those harmonics and processing that to obtain bearing diagnostic information. System was tested on objects with intentionally made defects in bearings, results of this test was also...
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The determination and identification of stray current source influences on buried pipelines using time/frequency analysis
PublikacjaZaprezentowano metodę detekcji źródła interferencji prądów błądzących na rurociągach podziemnych w aglomeracjach miejskich z wykorzystaniem łącznej analizy czasowo-częstotliwościowej mierzonych sygnałów. Badania przeprowadzono na rurociągu podziemnym zlokalizowanym w sąsiedztwie dwóch trakcji elektrycznych: tramwajowej i kolejowej. Wyniki analiz zaprezentowano w formie spektrogramów, które ilustrują zmiany spektralnej gęstości...
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Estimation of interior-permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor rotor position by analysis of phase-current derivatives
PublikacjaThis paper describes an algorithm for estimation of IPMSM rotor angular position. The algorithm uses derivatives of motor phase currents resulting from PWM modulation to obtain the rotor position. The presented method is designed for medium- and high-speed range, since it is based on determination of the EMF vector. Calculation of the motor position is performed in every PWM cycle. The standard SV-PWM method is used to determine...
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Impact of Low Switching-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratio on Predictive Current Control of PMSM: A simulation study
PublikacjaPredictive current control algorithms for permanent magnet synchronous (PMSM) drives rely on an assumption that within short intervals motor currents can be approximated with linear functions. This approximation may result either from discretizing the motor model or from simplifications applied to the continuous-time model. As the linear current approximation has been recognized as inaccurate in case when the drive operates with...
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Current Vascular Pharmacology
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Current Green Chemistry
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Quality Improvement of Wear-Resistant Coatings in Plasma Spraying Integrated with High-Energy Heating by High Frequency Currents
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Formation of high-carbon abrasion-resistant surface layers when high-energy heating by high-frequency currents
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Measurements of the coefficients of current distribution between two generators operating in parallel in a ship power station
Dane BadawczeThe presented dataset is part of research focusing on the assessment of metrological properties of the instrument, Estimator/Analyzer (E/A v.2), developed and made at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Marine Electrical Power Engineering of Gdynia Maritime University. The attached dataset contains processed data, expressing the coefficients...
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CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION
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CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
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CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
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CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
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CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY
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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
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