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Search results for: TEMPER BEAD WELDING
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Zgrzewanie tarciowe z mieszaniem wewnętrznym zgrzeiny stopów aluminium AW7075-T651 i AW6082-T6 = Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys AW-7075-t651 and AW-6082-t6
PublicationW pracy przedstawione są wyniki badań nad złączami doczołowymi zgrzewanymi przy użyciu technologii Friction Stir Welding (FSW), wykonanymi z wysokowytrzymałego stopu Al-Zn (AW-7075-T651) oraz stopu Al-Mg2Si (AW-6082-T6) o wysokiej odporności na korozję. Stop AW-7075-T651 okazał się bardziej podatny na obniżenie własności mechanicznych w odniesieniu do materiału rodzimego. Złącza ze stopu AW-6082-T6 wykazały się lepszą plastycznością....
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Temperature-Based Prediction of Joint Hardness in TIG Welding of Inconel 600, 625 and 718 Nickel Superalloys
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Topography measurement methods evaluation for entire bending-fatigued fracture surfaces of specimens obtained by explosive welding
PublicationIn this paper, the methods of compensation of differences in the results of entire bending-fatigued fracture surface topographies were presented. The roughness evaluation was performed with a focus variation microscope and confocal surface topography measurement techniques. The differences in the ISO 25178 roughness parameters were investigated and procedures for their compensation were studied. It was found that various types...
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FEM modelling of stress and strain distribution in weld joints of steel sandwich panels
PublicationThe development of laser welding technology has enabled the mass production of thin-walled structures, including steel sandwich panels. The technology of joining plating panels with stiffeners by welding allows us to create joints with a specific geometry and material properties. In comparison with other types of joints, laser welds are characterized by their specific behaviour under cyclic load and, as a consequence, a different...
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Direct measurements and numerical predictions of welding-induced initial deformations in a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure
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On the Application of Magnetoacoustic Emission for a Nondestructive Assessment of the Post Welding Heat Treatment of High Chromium Steel Weld Seams
PublicationThe paper analyses the possibility of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) quality assessment with the help of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) signal measurements. Two welded superheater tubes, made of high chromium VM12 steel, were analysed—as welded and heat treated one. The analysed sample in the as welded state exhibited significantly higher hardness, accompanied by a big difference in the MAE signal intensity (of order of about...
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Wpływ warunków zgrzewania metodą Friction Stir Welding na własności mechaniczne i jakość złączy ze stopu aluminium
PublicationCelem niniejszych badań było porównanie wpływu kształtu narzędzia na złącze oraz uzyskanie wartości parametrów zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem (FSW) zapewniających najlepszą możliwą jakość złącza. Zastosowanym materiałem był stop aluminium EN AW-3004 (AlMn1Mg1). Według najlepszej wiedzy autorów dotychczas nie przedstawiono żadnych badań tego stopu w kwestii zgrzewania FSW. Złącza pięcioczołowe wykonano samodzielnie opracowanym...
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Wpływ warunków zgrzewania metodą Friction Stir Welding na własności mechaniczne i jakość złączy ze stopu aluminium
PublicationW prezentacji przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wpływem warunków zgrzewania metodą FSW na jakość połączeń ze stopów aluminium.
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Experimental investigation on welding of 2.25 Cr-1.0 Mo steel with regulated metal deposition and GMAW technique incorporating metal-cored wires
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Direct measurements, numerical predictions and simple formula estimations of welding-induced biaxial residual stresses in a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure
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Effect of water salinity on properties of multipass underwater wet manual metal arc welded joints
PublicationThe weldability of steel under the water is limited due to the influence of the environment. Water causes limited visibility, presence of the residual stresses, increasing the cooling rate, and increasing the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal, leading to the formation of brittle microstructures in heat-affected zone (HAZ). The paper presents the results of mechanical properties testing of S420G2+M steel welded joints...
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Stalowe panele sandwicz - nowe możliwości wynikające z zastosowania spawania laserowego = All steel sandwich panels - new possibilities introduced by laser welding techniques
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono podstawowe dane na temat stalowych paneli typu sandwicz i technik ich wykonywania. Złącze takie charakteryzuje się specyficznymi własnościami, zdecydowanie odmiennymi od klasycznego połączenia spoiną pachwinową, którego cechy wytrzymałościowe i technologiczne są już dobrze opanowane. W podsumowaniu wykazano, że modelowanie jego geometrii musi być prowadzone na znacznie większym poziomie szczegółowości ze...
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Tytanowa międzywarstwa w łącznikach do spawania Al i stopów AlMg ze stalą=Titanium interlayer in transition joints to welding aluminium and aluminium alloys AlMg with steel
PublicationPrzedstawiono idee stosowania łączników i ich wytwarzanie oraz własności i niedostatki obecnie stosowanych łączników. Zaprezentowano wyniki prób technologicznych wytwarzania oraz wyniki badań mechanicznych i strukturalnych trójwarstwowego łącznika stal-tytan-aluminium.
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Effect of the Post-Weld Surface Condition on the Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304
PublicationSurfaces of welded elements made of corrosion-resistant (stainless) steels develop temper colours. The removal of thickened oxide layers off steels exposed to temperatures below 300°C is necessary and entails the restoring of high corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. The article presents tests concerned with the effect of a method applied to remove post-weld temper on the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel...
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Prediction of Weld Deformations by Numerical Methods - Review
PublicationThe welding process is the basic technique of joining in the shipbuilding industry. This method generates welding distortions that cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process due to both the time and cost of straightening as well as their influence on later stages of production. Proper preparation of welding processes plays a growing role in the shipbuilding industry and the development of calculating tools is being...
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Selection of material for X-ray tomography analysis and DEM simulations: comparison between granular materials of biological and non-biological origins
PublicationPhysical properties and X-ray tomography images of five different granular materials: glass bead, glass grit, short grain white rice, sorghum and clay granules (Seramis) are investigated to select the most promising materials for numerical simulations and time-lapse X-ray tomography imaging. The examined materials represent granular materials of non-biological origin (glass bead, glass grit and Seramis) and granular plant materials...
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Effects of Storing Flux-Cored Wires under Various Conditions
PublicationWelding processes involving the use of flux-cored wires are becoming increasingly popular, particularly in shipbuilding as well as in off-shore and civil engineering. The article presents characteristics of the welding process, its areas of application as well as advantages and disadvantages (e.g. necessity of ensuring appropriate conditions for the storage of filler metal wires). The satisfaction of quality-related requirements...
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Cold Cracking Of Underwater Wet Welded S355G10+N High Strength Steel
PublicationWater as the welding environment determines some essential problems influencing steel weldability. Underwater welding of high strength steel joints causes increase susceptibility to cold cracking, which is an effect of much faster heat transfer from the weld area and presence of diffusible hydrogen causing increased metal fragility. The paper evaluates the susceptibility to cold cracking of the high strength S355G10+N steel used,...
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Assessment of Corrosive Behaviour and Microstructure Characterization of Hybrid Friction Stir Welded Martensitic Stainless Steel
PublicationThis study examined the effect of induction heating on the microstructure and corrosion characteristics of hybrid friction stir welded AISI 410 stainless steel. Five joints have been produced with different friction stir welding parameters like welding speed, spindle speed, plunge depth, and induction power. Their microstructures were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, and chemical composition was examined using...
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THE INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING OVERSIZING ON POSTWELDING DISTORTIONS OF THE FILLET WELDED JOINT
PublicationWelding proces is basic joining technique in shipbuilding. Such method generated welding distortions which cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process. In the literature it is proposed wide spectrum of suggestions for a correct estimation of welding deformation in particular angular deformation in the fillet welded T joint. In the work influence of oversizing of weld on angular distortions of joint is presented basing...
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Weldability of S460ML High Strength Low Alloy Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents experimental evaluation of susceptibility of the high strength S460ML steel to cold cracking in the conditions of wet welding with the use of covered electrodes. From the results of Tekken tests it was found out that the investigated steel was characterised, in the conditions of the carried out experiments (underwater wet welding and air welding with rutile electrodes), of high susceptibility to cold cracking....
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The Influence of Tool Shape and Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of AW-3004 Aluminium Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joints
PublicationThe purpose of the following study was to compare the effect of the shape of a tool onthe joint and to obtain the values of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) parameters that provide the bestpossible joint quality. The material used was an aluminium alloy, EN AW-3004 (AlMn1Mg1). To theauthors’ best knowledge, no investigations of this alloy during FSW have been presented earlier. Fivebutt joints were made with a self-developed, cylindrical,...
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The Influence of Selected Parameters of Numerical Modelling on Strains and Stresses at Weld Toe Notch
PublicationLatest development in the field of welding technology and prefabrication enabled massive production of thin-walled sandwich structures. Multi-layered sandwich structures are fabricated with the use of high-power CO2 lasers, friction welding, arc welding, hybrid welding, or other technique designed for the special purpose. Steel or aluminium alloy plates with thickness between 1 and 5 mm are connected by internal stiffeners. Strength...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublicationWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW
PublicationWet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding – SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected...
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Effect of Porosity on the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Friction-Stir-Welded Spark-Plasma-Sintered Aluminum Matrix Composites with Bimodal Micro- and Nano-Sized Reinforcing Al2O3 Particles
PublicationThe thermo-mechanical behavior of nanosized Al2O3 particles reinforcing aluminum was analyzed in the present paper. The material was prepared by spark plasma sintering and friction stir welding. The thermal stresses affecting the composite behavior during welding were modeled through COMSOL MultiPhysics, and the results were validated by the analyses of the composites’ mechanical properties. The spark-plasma-sintered materials...
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Preliminary investigations of effect of conditions of FCAW process on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublicationOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper the state...
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Determination of causes of accelerated local corrosion of austenitic steels in water supply systems
PublicationThis paper concerns an inspection of a water supply system, made of AISI 304 steel, which showed signs of local corrosion at the weld. Such corrosion caused material perforation after very short periods of operation. It was revealed that steel was sensitised during the welding process. It was also proven that chromium micro-segregation occurred in the alloy leading to galvanic cell formation which initialised the process of pitting...
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Investigations into tendency to stress corrosion of joints welded in austenitic and duplex steels
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań spawanych złączy różnoimiennych wykonanych ze stali austenitycznej oraz typu duplex 2205. Badania podatności do korozji naprężeniowej złączy wykonano metodą odkształcania z małą prędkością. Próby przeprowadzono w środowisku obojętnym oraz agresywnym (MgCl2).
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Regeneration of marine engine valves using laser surfacing
PublicationThis article presents an analysis of the applicability of laser surfacing of the exhaust valve face of a marine diesel engine using cobalt-based powder. After preparation by machining, the selected valves were subjected to laser surfacing using a high-power ROFIN DL020 laser. The EuTroLoy 16012 powder was used in the surfacing process. One of the valves was cut and subjected to metallographic examination and hardness measurements,...
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Research into GTA automatic soft soldering technology for solar energy collector components
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A study of modern materials for arc spraying
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Heat tint colours on stainless steel and welded joints
PublicationSurface layer condition of stainless steels and welded joints influences strongly their corrosion resistance. This problem seems to be underestimated. This current study explains the phenomenon of heat tint forming on welds, the methods of its removal, inspection procedures after heat tint removing and post weld finishing
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Manufacturing Parameters, Materials, and Welds Properties of Butt Friction Stir Welded Joints–Overview
PublicationThe modern and eco-friendly friction stir welding (FSW) method allows the combination of even such materials that are considered to be non-weldable. The development of FSW technology in recent years has allowed a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanism of this process and made it possible to perform the first welding trials of modern polymeric and composite materials, the joining of which was previously a challenge....
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Effect of Linear Energy and Microstructure on the Content of Residual Hydrogen in Welded Joints made of Superduplex Steels
PublicationThe article presents tests concerning the content of retained hydrogen present in FCAW and SAW welded joints made of superduplex steel. The use of various welding technologies resulted in the obtainment of welds having different microstructures and ferrite contents. Measurements of retained hydrogen present in joints (performed using the complete combustion method) revealed various contents of hydrogen in the base material and...
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Sensitivity analysis of critical loads of I-columns
PublicationThe first order variation of critical buckling load of thin-walled columns with bisymmetric open cross-section due to some variations of the design variables such as: cross-section dimensions, or material characteristics is derived. The influence of the residual welding stresses is taken into account. In the numerical examples dealing with I-column the functions describing the effect of the variation of the dimensions of the flange...
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Corrosion Properties of Dissimilar AA6082/AA6060 Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints in Different NaCl Concentrations
PublicationA solid-state friction stir welding method which is increasingly used in the marine and shipbuilding industry, has been developed to produce welds with high mechanical properties. In seawater, the oxide layer of aluminium is attacked by Cl− ions resulting in its disruption and formation of pitting corrosion. It is particularly important to determine the electrochemical properties of the produced welds and to evaluate the efect...
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Effects of preheating on laser beam–welded NSSC 2120 lean duplex steel
PublicationDuplex stainless steels show sustainable alternative for the conventional austenitic grades, with higher strength, higher resistance against stress corrosion cracking, and lower purchase cost. Thus, duplex stainless steel gains more attention in construction, oil and gas, and chemical industries. Among duplex stainless steels, low nickel and low molybdenum alloyed lean duplex stainless steel are a cost-efective substitution of...
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An investigation on residual stress and fatigue life assessment of T-shape welded joints
PublicationThis paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the residual stress and fatigue life of T-type welded joints with a multi-pass weld in different direction. The main research objectives of the experimental test were to test the residual stress by changing direction along with multiple wielding passes and determine the fatigue life of the welded joints. The result shows that compressive residual stress increases in the sample gradually...
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Failure of austenitic stainless steel tubes during steam generator operation
PublicationThe article presents the failure process of austenitic stainless steels used in power devices, such as heat exchangers, steam generators, in terms of local corrosion: pitting, stress and intergranular corrosion, paying particular attention to welded joints area. The effect of steel chemical composition, microstructure, welding process and work environment was analyzed. The second part of the article presents the results of the...
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Corrigendum to “An investigation on residual stress and fatigue life assessment of T-shape welded joints” [Eng. Fail. Anal. 141 (2022) 106685]
PublicationThis paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the residual stress and fatigue life of T-type welded joints with a multi-pass weld in different direction. The main research objectives of the experimental test were to test the residual stress by changing direction along with multiple wielding passes and determine the fatigue life of the welded joints. The result shows that compressive residual stress increases in the sample gradually...
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Design of a Distributed System using Mobile Devices and Workflow Management for Measurement and Control of a Smart Home and Health
PublicationThe paper presents design of a distributed system for measurements and control of a smart home including temper- atures, light, fire danger, health problems of inhabitants such as increased body temperature, a person falling etc. This is done by integration of mobile devices and standards, distributed service based middleware BeesyCluster and a workflow management system. Mobile devices are used to measure the parameters and are...
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Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress
PublicationWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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Corrigendum to “Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress” [Int. J. Fatigue 164 (2022) 107137]
PublicationWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of TIG Welded Dissimilar Joints between 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel and Incoloy 800HT Nickel Alloy
PublicationIn this article, the mechanical properties and microstructure of 304L austenitic stainless steel/Incoloy 800HT nickel alloy dissimilar welded joints are investigated. The joints were made of 21.3 mm × 7.47 mm tubes using the TIG process with the use of S Ni 6082 nickel filler metal. No welding imperfections were found and high strength properties of joints were obtained, meeting the assumed acceptance criteria of the product’s...
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Prognozowanie właściwości złączy spawanych pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej
PublicationNiniejsza praca jest poświęcona spawaniu pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej (MLKS) i przedstawia metodologię oraz narzędzia umożliwiające prognozowanie właściwości złączy spawanych wykonanych przy zastosowaniu tej odmiany spawania. Monografia zawiera opis rozwoju spawania pod wodą oraz charakterystykę metod wykorzystywanych do realizacji prac spawalniczych. Zaproponowano nowy podział metod spawania pod wodą, uwzględniający...
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Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Dissimilar Joint of P91 Steel and INCOLOY 800HT Nickel Alloy
PublicationThis investigation attempts to explore the weld characteristics of a laser welded dissimilar joint of ferritic/martensitic 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb (P91) steel and Incoloy 800HT austenitic nickel alloy. This dissimilar joint is essential in power generating nuclear and thermal plants operating at 600–650 °C. In such critical operating conditions, it is essential for a dissimilar joint to preserve its characteristics and be free from any kind...
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Assessment of absorbability of seamless flux cored wires stored in extreme conditions
PublicationWater absorption tests by gravimetric method of three specimens of seamless rutile flux cored wires for flux cored arc welding were carried out. Examined wires are characterized by varied absorbability (Wg is ranged from 0.03 to 0.11% after 200 h of moisturizing).
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Badania wytrzymałościowe zgrzein łączących pręty zbrojeniowe o średnicy Ø30mm
PublicationZakres badań dotyczy oceny wytrzymałościowej zgrzein doczołowych, wykonanych metodą zwarciową. Elementami zgrzewanymi były pręty zbrojeniowe o średnicy Ø30mm. Badania związane są z okresową kontrolą stabilności parametrów zgrzewarki, szczególnie w odniesieniu do górnych, dopuszczalnych przez producenta zakresów parametrów zgrzewania oraz analizą wyników i porównaniu rezultatów prób wytrzymałościowych uzyskanych w 2019 i 2020 w...
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Application of the Barkhausen effect probe with adjustable m agnetic field direction for stress state determination in the P91 ste el pipe
PublicationThe paper presents the results of application of a novel Barkhausen effect (BE) probe with adjustable magnetizing field direction for the stress level evaluation in ferromagnetic materials. The investigated sample was in a form of a pipe, made of P91 steel that was anisotropic due to the production process. The measurements were performed before and after welding, revealing the influence of welding process on the residual stress...