Search results for: ECONOMIC SECURITY
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The effect of environmental turbulence on cyber security risk management and organizational resilience
PublicationEven though there is a plethora of research on the role of environmental turbulence in organizational performance in general, little attention has been paid to the effect of environmental turbulence on cyber security risk management and further - organizational resilience. Drawing on the resource-based view and contingency theory, this study investigates how technological and market turbulence influence organizational cyber security...
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Integrated approach for functional safety and cyber security management in maritime critical infrastructures
PublicationThe work is devoted important issues of the management in maritime critical infrastructure of functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with...
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The methods of secure data transmission in the KNX system
PublicationThe article presents the demands concerning data security in distributed building automation systems and shows the need for providing mechanisms of secure communication in the KNX system. Three different methods developed for KNX data protection are discussed: EIBsec, KNX Data Security and the author's method. Their properties are compared and potential areas of application are presented.
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Functional safety and security assessment of the control and protection systems
PublicationW artykule zostały poruszone kluczowe aspekty integracji podejścia bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego ''safety'' i ochrony informacji ''security'' w rozproszonych systemach sterowania i zabezpieczeniowych. Próba integracji zagadnień ''safety'' @ ''security'' została zilustrowana na przykładzie systemu monitoringu i zabezpieczeń pracującego w obiekcie podwyższonego ryzyka.
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On Software Unit Testing For Security and Performance Gain At Unit Level
PublicationPerformance and security are software (SW) application attributes situated on the opposite corners of system design. In the most drastic example the most secure component is the one totally isolated from the outside world, with communication performance reduced to zero level (e.g. disconnected physically from the network, placed inside a Faraday cage to eliminate possible wireless accessibility). On the other hand the most performance-optimized...
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On Software Unit Testing For Improving Security And Performance Of Distributed Applications
PublicationPerformance and security are software (SW) application attributes situated on the opposite corners of system design. In the most drastic example the most secure component is the one totally isolated from the outside world, with communication performance reduced to zero level (e.g. disconnected physically from the network, placed inside a Faraday cage to eliminate possible wireless accessibility). On the other hand the most performance-optimized...
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Agents in Simulation of Cyberattacks to Evaluate Security of Critical Infrastructures
PublicationIn the last years critical infrastructures have become highly dependent on the information technologies and exposed to cyberattacks. Because the effects of the attacks can be detrimental, it is crucial to comprehensively asses the security of the infrastructures' information systems. This chapter describes MAlSim - the simulator of malicious software based on software agents, developed for the needs of a testbed for critical infrastructures...
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The impact of security aspects on functional safety analysis = Wpływ aspectów ochrony informacji na wyniki analiz bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego
PublicationIt can be said that a distributed control and protection system’s security level may have a significant impact on functional safety analyses and their results. However the issue of integrating those both aspects are difficult and usually is neglected during functional safety analyses. Known methods of functional safety analyses don’t take into consideration this kind of concept also. This paper discusses an attempt to integrate...
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Organizational culture as prerequisite of proactive safety and security management in critical infrastructure systems including hazardous plants and ports
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of organizational culture to be considered in the context of knowledge based proactive safety and security management of plants, ports and systems of critical infrastructure. It has been often emphasized in the domain literature that business effectiveness of such plants and their resilience against hazards and threats to avoid major accidents depends substantially on human and organizational...
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Validation of a virtual test environment for C2X communication under radio jamming conditions
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a novel car-2-x communication security testing methodology in the physical layer of wireless systems. The approach is dedicated to automated testing of autonomous vehicles and it is essential for such complex systems operation, especially with regard to safety and security issues. It is based on scenario-driven testing in virtual and real test environments created from collected or simulated data. The...
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Theory and implementation of a virtualisation level Future Internet defence in depth architecture
PublicationAn EU Future Internet Engineering project currently underway in Poland defines three parallel internets (PIs). The emerging IIP system (IIPS, abbreviating the project’s Polish name), has a four-level architecture, with level 2 responsible for creation of virtual resources of the PIs. This paper proposes a three-tier security architecture to address level 2 threats of unauthorised traffic injection and IIPS traffic manipulation...
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Operating system security by integrity checking and recovery using write-protected storage
PublicationThe paper presents an Integrity Checking and Recovery (ICAR) system which protects file system integrity and automatically restores modified files. The system enables files cryptographic hashes generation and verification, as well as configuration of security constraints. All of the crucial data, including ICAR system binaries, file backups and hashes database are stored in a physically write protected storage to eliminate the...
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Security aspects in functional safety analysis
PublicationA security level of distributed control and protection system may have a significant impact on the results of functional safety analysis. However, the issue of integrating the safety and security aspects is difficult and usually is neglected during the functional safety analysis. This article presents a method of functional safety analysis which takes into consideration a concept of integrating these two aspects. It is based on...
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Knowledge-based functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants with emphasis on human factors
PublicationExisting and emerging new hazards have significant potential to impact destructively operation of technical systems, hazardous plants, and systems / networks of critical infrastructure. The programmable control and protection systems play nowadays an important role in reducing and controlling risk in the process of hazardous plant operation. It is outlined how to deal with security related hazards concerning such systems to be...
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Determining and verifying the safety integrity level of the safety instrumented systems with the uncertainty and security aspects
PublicationSafety and security aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the control and protection systems. In the paper it is proposed that the security analysis results can be used as a factor increasing or decreasing the risk level. It concerns a process of determining required safety integrity level of given safety functions. The authors propose a new approach for functional safety risk analysis. In this case...
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Evaluating Security and Resilience of Critical Networked Infrastructures after Stuxnet
PublicationThe chapter presents the current configuration of the simulation environment for the evaluations of the security and resilience of critical networked infrastructures, which enables simulations of Stuxnet-like attacks. The configuration includes new features added to the MAlSim - Mobile Agent Malware Simulator after the advent of Stuxnet in reference to the experiments aiming at the security evaluation of a power plant which we...
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Resilience and Security in Software Defined Networking
PublicationThis paper gives an overview of the most important issues on resilience and security in Software Defined Networking
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Security of Cryptocurrencies: A View on the State-of-the-Art Research and Current Developments
Publication[Context] The goal of security is to protect digital assets, devices, and services from being disrupted, exploited or stolen by unauthorized users. It is also about having reliable information available at the right time. [Motivation] Since the inception in 2009 of the first cryptocurrency, few studies have been undertaken to analyze and review the state-of-the-art research and current developments with respect to the security...
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Security Information Sharing for the Polish Power System
PublicationThe Polish Power System is becoming increasingly more dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to cyberattacks, including the evolved and highly sophisticated threats such as Advanced Persistent Threats or Distributed Denial of Service attacks. The most exposed components are SCADA systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. When addressing this situation...
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Towards systemic functional safety and security management in hazardous plants
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues related to functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants. The safety functions are to be realised using the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) or the safety instrumented systems (SISs) that are designed and operated respectively according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 requirements in life cycle. Although the role...
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Feature extraction in detection and recognition of graphical objects
PublicationDetection and recognition of graphic objects in images are of great and growing importance in many areas, such as medical and industrial diagnostics, control systems in automation and robotics, or various types of security systems, including biometric security systems related to the recognition of the face or iris of the eye. In addition, there are all systems that facilitate the personal life of the blind people, visually impaired...
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Security Requirements and Controls for Incident Information Sharing in the Polish Power System
PublicationAmong the strategies of protecting information assets of the power system, sharing of information about current cybersecurity incidents between energy operators appears to be a prerequisite. Exchange of information leads to the effective detection of attacks and exploited vulnerabilities as well as the identification of countermeasures. This paper presents the results of continuation of our works on developing a secure and efficient...
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New RFID readers for scalable RFID system
PublicationRFID systems gives the opportunity to have wide access control integrated with the monitoring of people and goods flow. System's scalability is one of the most important features in such systems as they enable large scale deployments. The concept of the proposed reader's architecture employs new RFID transceivers and microcontrollers, security algorithms which gives very high functionality at low price. Special treatment of system's...
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Security of export transactions in the offer of leading banks on the Polish market
PublicationThe following article presents the so-called conditioned payment methods, i.e. instruments for securing export transactions, such as letter of credit, documentary collection, bank guarantees, factoring and forfaiting. The characteristics of each particular method are presented as well as the transactions using them are described. In the following paper, the author included also the leading Polish banks, which offer the above- mentioned...
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Simulating Malware with MAlSim
PublicationThis paper describes MAlSim - Mobile Agent Malware Simulator - a mobile agent framework developed to address one of the most important problems related to the simulation of attacks against information systems i.e. the lack of adequate tools for reproducing behaviour of malicious software (malware). The framework can be deployed over the network of an arbitrary information system and it aims at simulating behaviour of each instance...
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Simulating malware with MAlSim
PublicationThis paper describes MAlSim - Mobile Agent Malware Simulator - a mobile agent framework developed to address one of the most important problems related to the simulation of attacks against information systems, i.e. the lack of adequate tools for reproducing behaviour of malicious software (malware). The framework can be deployed over the network of an arbitrary information system and it aims at simulating behaviour of each instance...
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Quality Model for Integrated Security Monitoring and Control in Water Distribution Systems
PublicationThis article addresses the problem of drinking water distribution system (DWDS) security in the terms of water quality which in the era of terrorist threat is of high importance to the public. The contribution of this paper is the development of the so called security module to extend a multi-species water quality model. This gives an insight to the situation in DWDS not only under normal operational conditions but also in case...
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The symmetric extendibility of quantum states
PublicationStudies on the symmetric extendibility of quantum states have become particularly important in the context of the analysis of one-way quantum measures of entanglement, and the distillability and security of quantum protocols. In this paper we analyze composite systems containing a symmetric extendible part, with particular attention devoted to the one-way security of such systems. Further, we introduce a new one-way entanglement...
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Extendable Safety and Security Ontology
PublicationSecurity plays an increasingly important role in our everyday life, and research and users of computer systems point out that the need arises for a common, formalised model capable of integrating different solutions. In this paper we show that an ontology can be designed and created in a way that will make it suitable for interoperability and integration. A security and safety ontology and the methodology for creating a common...
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Areas of research in maritime security
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono analizę ważniejszych aspektów dotyczących ochrony żeglugi (maritime security) oraz zaproponowano nowe kierunki rozwoju.
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WIKI-WS as a C2 NIWA Web Service Management Platform
PublicationThe Wiki-WS platform was implemented within the C2 NIWA project for production purposes. Wiki-WS stands for developing, managing and maintaining web services. The production deployment needed implementation of several functional improvements and establishing a strong security 7 safety policy. The WikiWS platform has to be used as an educational environmement for developing web sevices and production environment for execution of...
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Software Agents for Computer Network Security
PublicationThe chapter presents applications of multi-agent technology for design and implementation of agent-based systems intended to cooperatively solve several critical tasks in the area of computer network security. These systems are Agent-based Generator of Computer Attacks (AGCA), Multi-agent Intrusion Detection and Protection System (MIDPS), Agent-based Environment for Simulation of DDoS Attacks and Defense (AESAD) and Mobile Agent...
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Quantum key distribution based on private states: Unconditional security over untrusted channels with zero quantum capacity
PublicationIn this paper, we prove unconditional security for a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on distilling pbits (twisted ebits) from an arbitrary untrusted state that is claimed to contain distillable key. Our main result is that we can verify security using only public communication-via parameter estimation of the given untrusted state. The technique applies even to bound-entangled states, thus extending QKD to the regime...
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Wybrane problemy ochrony żeglugi (Maritime Security)
Publicationprzedstawiono zagadnienia ochrony żeglugi w aspekcie uwarunkowań związanych z radiokomunikacją morską. Opisano Międzynarodowy Kodeks Ochrony Statków i Urządzeń Portowych - ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) i Statkowy System Alarmowania - SSAS (Ship Security Alert System) oraz także scharakteryzowano system AIS (Automated Information System) i System Identyfikacji i Śledzenia Dalekiego Zasięgu - LRIT (Long...
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AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM TO PROTECT MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
PublicationProblems regarding the security of maritime infrastructure, especially harbours and offshore infrastructure, are currently a very hot topic. Due to these problems, there are some research projects in which the main goal is to decrease the gap and improve the methods of observation in the chosen area, for both in-air and underwater areas. The main goal of the paper is to show a new complex system for improving the security of the...
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Situational Awareness Network for the Electric Power System: the Architecture and Testing Metrics
PublicationThe contemporary electric power system is highly dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to new types of threats, such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) or Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. The most exposed components are Industrial Control Systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the cyber security of...
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Security and Anonymity in Agent Systems
PublicationMany agent systems have been developed and suggested for commercial application. However, in spite of the significant potential offered by the agent paradigm, the lack of such important properties as security, anonymity and untracebility especially in open dynamical environment, such as the Internet, has blocked the active implementation of agent technologies. Protecting agent systems poses a more demanding challenge comparing...
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Evaluation of Open Source SIEM for Situation Awareness Platform in the Smart Grid Environment
PublicationThe smart grid as a large-scale system of systems has an exceptionally large surface exposed to cyber-attacks, including highly evolved and sophisticated threats such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) or Botnets. When addressing this situation the usual cyber security technologies are prerequisite, but not sufficient. The smart grid requires developing and deploying an extensive ICT infrastructure that supports significantly...
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Signatures and acoustic images of objects moving in water
PublicationObservation of underwater space is part of a generaltrend, which primary purpose is to protect and increasesafety in the selected area. The basic aim of the paper ispresentation of designated acoustic characteristics typicalfor objects moving on the water surface and under water,which represent some knowledge about detection of theseobjects. Create a catalog of acoustic signature and not onlyacoustic, as well as acoustic images...
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Modelling the malware propagation in mobile computer devices
PublicationNowadays malware is a major threat to the security of cyber activities. The rapid develop- ment of the Internet and the progressive implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) increase the security needs of networks. This research presents a theoretical model of malware propagation for mobile computer devices. It is based on the susceptible-exposed- infected-recovered-susceptible (SEIRS) epidemic model. The scheme is based on...
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Enhancing Security of Advanced Metering Infrastructure by Introducing Threshold Attendance Protocol
PublicationThe industry pushes towards smart grid systems in order to resolve current limitations of the unidirectional legacy power grid infrastructure. By introducing Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) as an integral part of the smart grid solution, the utility company obtains an invaluable tool to optimize its network, lower the operational costs, and improve quality of service. Unfortunately, introducing two-way communication poses...
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ENISA Study: Challenges in Securing Industrial Control Systems
PublicationIn 2011, the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) conducted a study in the domain of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Its objective was to obtain the current view on the ICS protectionprimarily in Europe but also in the international context. The portrait' included threats, risks, and challenges in the area of ICS protection as well as national, pan European, and international initiatives on ICS security. The...
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Device-independent quantum key distribution based on measurement inputs
PublicationWe provide an analysis of a family of device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that has the following features. (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state but from the choices of settings. (b) Instead of a single security parameter (a violation of some Bell inequality) a set of them is used to estimate the level of trust in the secrecy of the key....
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Facilitating free travel in the Schengen area—A position paper by the European Association for Biometrics
PublicationDue to migration, terror-threats and the viral pandemic, various EU member states have re-established internal border control or even closed their borders. European Association for Biometrics (EAB), a non-profit organisation, solicited the views of its members on ways which biometric technologies and services may be used to help with re-establishing open borders within the Schengen area while at the same time mitigating any adverse...
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Security Assessment of a Turbo-Gas Power Plant
PublicationCritical infrastructures are exposed to new threats due to the large number of vulnerabilities and architectural weaknesses introduced by the extensive use of information and communication technologies. This paper presents the results of an exhaustive security assessment for a turbo-gas power plant.
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INTEGRATED FUNCTIONAL SAFETY AND CYBERSECURITY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SMART MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
PublicationThis article addresses integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis with regard to: the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 and the cyber security standard IEC 62443 concerning an industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems, and reduce relevant risks taking into account a set of fundamental...
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Trust Management Method for Wireless Sensor Networks
PublicationA Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data to the main location. The first wireless network that bore any real resemblance to a modern WSN is the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS), developed by the United States Military in the 1950s to detect and track Soviet...
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Architecture of security and application layer structure of radio system for monitoring and acquisition of data from traffic enforcement cameras
PublicationThe study presents architecture of security and application layer structure of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras. It also provides general assumptions concerning the range of the system as well as its modules and application components.
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Generalized access control in hierarchical computer network
PublicationThe paper presents the design of the security layer for a distributed system located in the multizone hierarchical computer network. Depending on the zone from which a client’s request comes to the system and the type of the request, it will be either authorized or rejected. There is one common layer for the access to all the business services and interactions between them. Unlike the commonly used RBAC model, this system enforces...
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Choosing the Right Cybersecurity Solution: A Review of Selection and Evaluation Criteria
PublicationInformation technologies evolve continuously reaching pioneering areas that bring in new cybersecurity challenges. Security engineering needs to keep pace with the advancing cyberthreats by providing innovative solutions. At the same time, the foundations that include security and risk assessment methodologies should remain stable. Experts are offered with an extensive portfolio of solutions and an informed choice of a particular...