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Search results for: CHARGING
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Interconnect charging standarization.
PublicationZbadano istniejące ETSI i ITU standardy sygnalizacyjne, które majadoczynienia z zaliczaniem w konkurencyjnym, zliberalizowanym iwielooperatorskim środowisku, jakie dzisiaj istnieje. Porównano normy i omówiono możliwości ich zastosowania oraz ich ograniczenia. Podkreślono, co powinno być zauważone podczas implementacji aplikacji bazowanych na tych normach. Artykuł ten powinien być użyteczny dla inżynierów systemowych, a także dla...
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Dynamic charging of electric buses
PublicationDespite the continuous development of electrochemical battery technology and the multitude of electric buses on offer, it is still not possible to exploit electric buses in urban transport on an all-day basis without the necessity of charging them. It is therefore necessary to build point-to-point contact charging stations or induction charging stations at the terminals. This results in substantial financial outlays connected with...
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Charging of the cast iron lapping tools.
PublicationPrzedstawiono technikę i technologię zbrojenia wymuszonego powierzchni docieraków tarczowych. Omówiono konstrukcję przyrządu oraz wyniki badań intensywności zbrojenia docieraków mikroziarnami węglika krzemu. Analizowano docieraki z żeliwa szarego i sferoidalnego oraz mikroziaren o numerze 320 i 300.
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Economic benefits of dynamic charging of electric buses
PublicationDiesel engines buses are still the most used type of buses. Electric buses provide promising green alternatives and a lot of advantages, but their main disadvantages are limited travel range and long charging time. This article is a presentation of innovative solution for charging of electric busses - Dynamic Charging (IMC). The modern IMC system in Solingen was presented. At the end of the article, a proposal was made to introduce...
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Hydrogen charging of nitrided steel in acid solution
PublicationKonstrukcyjną stal, azotowaną w wyładowaniu jarzeniowym w mieszaninie gazów o różnej zawartości N2, H2 i Ar, poddawano katodowemu nawodorowaniu w kwaśnym roztworze, imitującym przepracowany olej maszynowy. W pomiarach szybkości przenikania wodoru i ekstrakcji próżniowej określano wpływ azotowanych warstw, odpowiednio, na transport wodoru i na jego nieodwracalne pułapkowanie. W obecności niezdefektowanej warstwy kompaktowych azotków...
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Residual current devices in electric vehicles charging installations
PublicationThe main requirements of national regulations and international standards regarding protection against electric shock in electric vehicle charging installations are presented. The principles of using residual current devices (RCDs) in such installations are discussed. It is pointed out that RCDs are mandatory equipment for safe charging of electric vehicles. It is noted that the standards require the use of RCDs having an appropriate...
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Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars
PublicationThe development of electromobility involves the development of electric cars charging infrastructure. The increase of the number of chargers poses new demands for the AC power grid, especially in regard to its capacity of delivering high peak power. As an alternative for the public AC power grid, urban electrified transportation systems (trams, trolleybuses, and metro) can be used for supplying electric cars chargers. The article...
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Design of battery charging system update for glider launcher
PublicationThis paper presents an innovative solution for increasing life of lead-acid batteries used in a glider launcher. The study is focused on upgrading a charging system instead of a costly full replacement of it. Based on literature review, the advanced three-stage charging profile was indicated. The new topology of the power converter was proposed and a simulation model was developed. A simulation study was performed which leads to...
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Practical application of in motion charging: Trolleybuses service on bus lines
PublicationNight charging and fast charging are currently the two most common systems for charging electric buses. Despite the fact that numerous trial installations were started, neither of these two systems has obtained unqualified approval of the users. The alternative is to charge vehicles in motion (the so-called In Motion Charging), which combines the advantages of trolleybus transport and of electric buses: the main supply source are...
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Analysis of the Impact of Charging Electric Cars on the Power System Load
PublicationThe paper presents ways of integrating electric cars with the power system. In connection with this, daily load curves in the average working day have been developed in the G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) variants. The G2V solution consists in unidirectional energy flow from the power system to a vehicle’s battery. The V2G solution consists in bi-directional energy exchange between the power system and electric...
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Electrifying the bus network with trolleybus: Analyzing the in motion charging technology
PublicationCurrently, electric buses are becoming more and more popular, and their number in operation is increasing. The range of electric buses is also increasing and solutions that seem to be working almost without fixed infrastructure are being promised. However, this requires the use of high-capacity batteries, which increases the weight and price of the vehicle and causes high costs of battery replacement during operation. Moreover,...
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On-line measurement of cell impedance during charging and discharging process
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono założenia metody pomiaru impedancji, która w przeciwieństwie do dotychczasowych technik impedancyjnych stosowanych w badaniach ogniw, umożliwia pracę on-line. W celu zaprezentowania możliwości metody wykonano eksperyment polegający na cyklicznym ładowaniu i rozładowywaniu elektrody ołowianej w 4.8M H2SO4 z jednoczesnym pomiarem impedancji. Zmiany parametrów elektrycznych otrzymanych w wyniku analizy widm impedancyjnych...
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Electrochemical capacitor temperature fluctuations during charging/discharging processes
PublicationThepaperpresentsaproposalofusingadditionalstatisticalparameterssuchas:standarddeviation,variance, maximum and minimum increases of the observed value that were determined during measurements of temperature fields created on the surface of the tested electrochemical capacitor. The measurements were carriedoutusingthermographicmethodsinordertosupportassessmentoftheconditionofelectrochemical capacitorunderclassicdurabilitytestsbasedonmethodsofdeterminationofcapacityandequivalentseries...
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ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PROCESSES IN TRANSACTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS
PublicationThe implementation of smart charging of electric vehicles allows operators of local power networks and electricity suppliers to implement new business models for the interaction of electric vehicles with the network. In addition to the optimal selection of Microgrid capacities when charging electric vehicles, it is also important to use different charging methods. To satisfy the interests of all participants of local systems from...
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Requirements for Residual Current Devices Intended for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
PublicationThe properties of residual current devices have been presented from the point of view of their ability to detect a specific shape of the residual current waveform. Moreover, the standard requirements relating to residual current protection used in electric vehicle charging installations have been pointed out. The operating characteristics of the IC-CPD and RDC-DD protections, which are intended for charging electric vehicles in...
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Wireless Charging Station Design for Electric Scooters: Case Study Analysis
PublicationThis study proposes an example of a wireless charging station design for a small-scale vehicle available on the market. The article analyzes basic transmitter inverter topologies and their compensation methods in terms of flexibility of control, tolerance to uncertainty in positioning, and the possibility of decreasing the integration price. Our comprehensive analysis focuses on the battery voltage range, energy capacity, cost,...
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The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses
PublicationThe estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with cosmic rays in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV...
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Multiple-Criteria-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design Problem
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Terminal charging scheduling of battery electric buses based on vehicle routing problem
PublicationElectric buses are considered to be a viable solution for reducing emission in dense urban areas. However, the greater charging time is a huge challenge for operators. In this paper, charging scheduling method was elaborated based on vehicle routing problem using mixed-integer linear programming model. The main novelty of the paper is the combination of modelling aspect, namely flexible turn sequence and heterogeneous shared charging...
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REVIEW THE MAIN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE WIRELESS CHARGING OF ENERGY ACCUMULATORS FOR SMALL-PURCHASING SYSTEMS
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Organic-inorganic materials for fast charging-discharging processes in energy storage devices
PublicationPraca dotyczy materiału kompozytowego złożonego z poli(3,4-etylenodioksytiofenu) i heksacyjanokobaltanu żelaza. Materiał został otrzymany elektrochemicznie bezpośrednio na elektrodzie tytanowej metodą jednoetapowa z zawiesiny zawierającej monomer (EDOT) oraz Fe3[Co(CN)6]2 w postaci proszku. Warstwy pEDOT/FehcCo otrzymane potencjostatycznie ładunkiem od 0,6 do 1,5 C/cm2 charakteryzują się różną grubością (od 1,9 do 4 μm) zależną...
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Inductive Bifilar Coil Based Wireless Charging System for Autonomous Electric Boat
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Unidirectional DC/DC Converter with Voltage Inverter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries
PublicationThe paper proposes the adaptation of the industrial plant’s power network to supply electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging converters (above 300 kW) using renewable energy sources (RESs). A 600 V DC microgrid was used to supply energy from RESs for the needs of variable speed motor drives and charging of EV batteries. It has been shown that it is possible to support the supply of drive voltage frequency converters (VFCs) and charging...
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Praktyczna aplikacja In Motion Charging w Gdyni: trolejbusy w obsłudze linii autobusowych
PublicationŁadowanie nocne (OverNight Charging) oraz szybkie ładowanie (Oportunity Charging) to obecnie dwa najbardziej popularne systemy ładowania autobusów elektrycznych. Pomimo uruchomienia wielu próbnych instalacji, żaden z tych dwóch systemów nie zyskał jednoznacznej aprobaty użytkowników. Alternatywą jest ładowanie pojazdów w ruchu, tzw. In Motion Charging, w które stanowi połączenie zalet komunikacji trolejbusowej oraz autobusu elektrycznego:...
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The effect of pre-hydrogen charging on corrosion behaviour of superduplex stainless steel welded joints
PublicationThe paper presents results of research undertaken to determine the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel welded joints. Butt welded joints were made with low heat input using flux corded arc welding (FCAW) method. Coupons of 5.0 x 5.0 mm were cut from the welded joints containing weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal (PM). Hydrogen was introduced...
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Design and Simulation Verification of Low Power Wireless Charging Battery System for Electric Bicycle
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Transfer of charging information between exchanges of different network operators in multi-provider environment.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono różne konfiguracje systemów taryfikacji i zaliczania w środowisku zdemonopolizowanym. Przeanalizowano różne opcje przepływu danych w takim środowisku i omówiono rozszerzenie sygnalizacji SS7, która jest opracowana przez ETSI i wykorzystywana dla aplikacji zaliczania.
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Analysis of AC/DC/DC Converter Modules for Direct Current Fast-Charging Applications
PublicationThe paper is a comprehensive laboratory comparison study of two galvanic isolated solution off-board battery chargers: (1) Si-based cost-effective case, and (2) SiC-bidirectional ready for vehicle to grid concept case. All circuits are modular, and in both cases the DC/DC converter can be replaced according to the end user requirements (the coupled transformer remains the same and is constructed based on 12xC100 cores to avoid...
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Dynamic Charging of Electric Buses as a Way to Reduce Investment Risks of Urban Transport System Electrification
PublicationNight charging and fast charging are currently the two most common systems for charging electric buses. Despite the fact that numerous trial installations were started, neither of these two systems has obtained unqualified approval of the users. The alternative is to charge vehicles in motion - dynamic charging which combines the advantages of trolleybus transport and of electric buses. One of the advantages is the reduction of...
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Partially Isolated Multi-Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Bidirectional EV Charging Ports
PublicationThere is a growing interest in multiport converters due to their ability to interconnect various energy sources and loads using reduced number of components. Regarding electric vehicle (EV) chargers connection, existing multiport solutions either lack scalability, featuring only one isolated charging port or the operation of ports depend on each other, complicating the converter control algorithm. This article proposes a partially...
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A comprehensive review on economic, environmental impacts and future challenges for photovoltaic-based electric vehicle charging infrastructures
PublicationIn this paper, a comprehensive review of the impacts and imminent design challenges concerning such EV charging stations that are based on solar photovoltaic infrastructures is presented, which is based on state-of-the-art frameworks for PV-powered charging stations and the latest case studies. The main factors that are targeted in this review are the management of an EV charging system that is a composite of PV and public grid,...
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Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicles Integration and Optimal Charging Schemes Under Uncertainty: A Case Study of Qatar
PublicationThe integration of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly growing compared to conventional vehicles in Qatar. To assess how these electric vehicles will impact Qatar’s distribution network, it is necessary to accurately model EV loads. However, EV loads exhibit uncertainties due to driving behaviour in charging time, state of charge (SOC), number of trips, and distance travelled. This necessitates the development of a probabilistic...
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Expert opinion on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock in case of fault in an installation for electric vehicles charging
PublicationThe opinion concerns the use of residual current devices for protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply in a Norwegian installation intended for charging of electric vehicles.
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Closed-Loop Control System Design for Wireless Charging of Low-Voltage EV Batteries with Time-Delay Constraints
PublicationThis paper presents an inductive power transfer system on the basis of a double single- phase three-level T-type inverter and two split transmitting coils for constant current and constant voltage wireless charging of low-voltage light electric vehicle batteries with closed-loop control, considering time-delay communication constraints. An optimal control structure and a modified control strategy were chosen and implemented to...
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Closed-Loop Control System Design for Wireless Charging of Low-Voltage EV Batteries with Time-Delay Constraints
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A Review of Recent Advances in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators, Self-Powering Smart Sensors and Self-Charging Electronics
PublicationIn recent years, portable and wearable personal electronic devices have rapidly developed with increasing mass production and rising energy consumption, creating an energy crisis. Using batteries and supercapacitors with limited lifespans and environmental hazards drives the need to find new, environmentally friendly, and renewable sources. One idea is to harness the energy of human motion and convert it into electrical energy...
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A Comprehensive Review on DC Fast Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles: Standards, Power Conversion Technologies, Architectures, Energy Management, and Cybersecurity
PublicationThis paper aims to review the main research points regarding DC fast charging stations. At the beginning, the paper addresses an overview of DC fast charging standards, galvanic isolation, EV powertrain, and some examples of real DC fast chargers. This part highlights that DC fast chargers are usually connected to an AC network or microgrid, whereas DC microgrids would be a better choice to increase the charging efficiency and...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 3,0 V at 250 mA. Sample 24.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 3,0 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 250 mA. Last experiment with sample 24The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,5 V at 180 mA. Sample 24
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,5 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 180 mA. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface emission....
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 80 mA. Sample 41.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 80 mA. Sample 41.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,5 V at 241 mA. Sample 24
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,5 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 241 mA. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface emission....
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,5 V at 80 mA. Sample 24
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,5 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 80 mA. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface emission....
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,5 V at 301 mA. Sample 24
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,5 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 301 mA. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface emission....
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 160 mA. Sample 41.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 160 mA. Sample 41.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,5 V at 120 mA. Sample 24
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,5 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 120 mA. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface emission....
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 120 mA. Sample 103.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 120 mA. Sample 103. The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 128 mA. Sample 91.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 128 mA. Sample 91.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 232 mA. Sample 82.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 232 mA. Sample 82.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 56 mA. Sample 115.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 56 mA. Sample 115.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...
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Thermographic imaging of electrochemical double layer capacitors during cycling charging - discharging 0 - 2,7 V at 112 mA. Sample 115.
Open Research DataDataset contains thermal images of prototype electrochemical double layer capacitor taken during cyclic charging - discharging. The sample was charged to 2,7 V and discharged to 10 mV by constant current 112 mA. Sample 115.The images were taken with thermographic camera VigoCAM V50. The sample was covered by black graphite paint to ensure uniform surface...