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Correlation between Compressive Strength and Heat of Hydration of Cement Mortars with Siliceous Fly Ash
PublicationThis paper presents the results of calorimetric and strength tests of mortars with ordinary Portland cement and two substitution rates (10 and 20%) of cement by siliceous fly ash. The prepared samples were cured under isothermal conditions at four different temperatures: 23, 33, 43 and 53 °C. Heat of hydration was measured using an isothermal calorimeter dedicated to monitor the hydration process of cementitious composites such...
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Influence of Cement Replacement with Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) on the Heat of Hydration of Cement Mortar
PublicationThe amount of fly ash from the incineration of sewage sludge is increasing all over the world, and its utilization is becoming a serious environmental problem. In the study, a type of sewage sludge ash (SSA) collected directly from the municipal sewage treatment plant was used. Five levels of cement replacement (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 20%) and unchanged water-to-binder (w/b) ratio (0.55) were used. The purpose of the study was...
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The effect of dehydration/rehydration of bacterial nanocellulose on its tensile strength and physicochemical properties
PublicationBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural biomaterial with a wide range of biomedical applications. BNC contains 99 % of water which makes it too thick to be used as a bioimplant material. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of the BNC dehydration followed by rehydration on its mechanical and physicochemical properties, in the context of the use of BNC as bio-prostheses in the cardiovascular system. Dehydration involved the...
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DMSO hydration redefined: Unraveling the hydrophobic hydration of solutes with a mixed hydrophilic–hydrophobic characteristic
PublicationHydrophobic hydration of solutes with a mixed hydrophilic--hydrophobic characteristics is still poorly understood. This is because both experimental and theoretical methods find it difficult to see the ice-like water structure around the nonpolar solute groups, unlike hydrogen bonds with the hydrophilic groups. In order to unravel this problem, we have investigated DMSO hydration by means of infrared spectroscopy and theoretical...
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Amides as models to study the hydration of proteins and peptides — spectroscopic and theoretical approach on hydration in various temperatures
PublicationInteractions with water are one of the key factors which determine protein stability and activity in aqueous solutions. However, the protein hydration is still insufficiently understood. N-methylacetamide (NMA) is regarded as a minimal part of the peptide backbone and the relative simplicity of its structure makes it a good model for studies on protein–water interactions. In this paper, the influence of NMA and N,N-dimethylacetamide...
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Hydration of Oxometallate Ions in Aqueous Solution
PublicationThe strength of hydrogen bonding to and structure of hydrated oxometallate ions in aqueous solution have been studied by double difference infrared (DDIR) spectroscopy and large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), respectively. Anions are hydrated by accepting hydrogen bonds from the hydrating water molecules. The oxygen atom of the permanganate and perrhenate ions form weaker and longer hydrogen bonds to water than the hydrogen bonds...
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Hydroxide ion hydration in aqueous solutions
PublicationHydratacja anionu hydroksylowego w wodnych roztworach wybranych wodorotlenków metali alkalicznych została zbadana przy pomocy spektroskopii oscylacyjnej FTIR HDO izotopowo rozcieńczonej w H2O. Po raz pierwszy zastosowano do badań nad takimi układami ilościową wersję metody widm różnicowych. Pozwoliła ona na wyodrębnienie widma HDO zaburzonej przez substancję rozpuszczoną. Dane spektralne skonfrontowano z optymalnymi strukturami...
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Isothiocyanates may chemically detoxify mutagenic amines formed in heat processed meat
PublicationMeat consumption represents a dietary risk factor increasing the incidence of common cancers, probably due to carcinogenic amines (HAAs) formed upon meat heating. Interestingly, cancers whose incidence is increased by meat consumption, are decreased in populations consuming brassica vegetables regularly. This inverse correlation is attributed to brassica anticarcinogenic components, especially isothiocyanates (ITCs) that stimulate...
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Hydration of tetrahydrofuran derived from FTIR spectroscopy
PublicationZbadano hydratację THF na podstawie spektroskopii FTIR drgań HDO oraz H2O. Dane widmowe poddano analizie przy pomocy ilościowej metody widm różnicowych. Ustalono, że w roztworach rozcieńczonych hydratacja THF typu hydrofobowego dominuje nad hydratacją typu elektrofilowego. Scharakteryzowano wodę w otoczce hydratacyjnej THF poprzez jej porównanie z wodą czystą.
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Hydration of urea and its derivatives - Volumetric and compressibility studies
PublicationThe densities and sound velocities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K have been measured for aqueous solutions of urea, N,N-dimethylurea, N,N-diethylurea, N-propylurea, N-butylurea. From these data the apparent molar volumes, V the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,, and the Passynski solvation numbers of solutes have been determined. The concentration dependencies of the calculated quantities, their...
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Hydration of tetraethylammonium tetrafluorobate derived from FTIR spectroscopy
PublicationZbadano hydratację tetrafluoroboranu tetraetyloamoniowego w roztworze wodnym przy pomocy metody FTIR. Widma HDO rozcieńczonej izotopowo w H2O, jak również widma H2O, analizowano przy pomocy metody ilościowo ważonych widm różnicowych. Wyniki analizy przedyskutowano w aspekcie stanu energetyczo-strukturalnego otoczek hydratacyjnych hydrofobowego kationu Et4N+ oraz silnie burzącego strukturę wody anionu BF4-.7 stron, 4 rys., 2 tabele,...
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Hydration of Carboxylate Anions: Infrared Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions
PublicationHydratacja anionów karboksylanowych w roztworach wodnych ich soli sodowych została zbadana przy wykorzystaniu spektroskopii FTIR z zastosowaniem cząsteczki HDO jako sondy molekularnej. Do wyznaczenia widm wody zaburzonej przez rozpuszczalnik wykorzystano ilościową wersję metody widm różnicowych. Widma te wykazują dwa pasma składowe przy ok. 2550 i ok. 2420 cm-1. Pasma te przypisano grupie -COO- anionu R-COO- (R = H, CH3, C2H5),...
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Hydration of Simple Model Peptides in Aqueous Osmolyte Solutions
PublicationThe biology and chemistry of proteins and peptides are inextricably linked with water as the solvent. The reason for the high stability of some proteins or uncontrolled aggregation of others may be hidden in the properties of their hydration water. In this study, we investigated the effect of stabilizing osmolyte–TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) and destabilizing osmolyte–urea on hydration shells of two short peptides, NAGMA (N-acetyl-glycine-methylamide)...
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Effect of ectoine on hydration spheres of peptides–spectroscopic studies
PublicationIn this paper, we use FTIR spectroscopy to characterize the hydration water of ectoine, its interactions with two peptides–diglycine and NAGMA, and the properties of water molecules in the hydration spheres of both peptides changed by the presence of the osmolyte. We found that the interaction of ectoine with the peptide hydration shells had no effect on its own hydration sphere. However, the enhanced hydration layer of the osmolyte...
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Hydration phase diagram for sodium cobalt oxide NaxCoO2*yH2O
PublicationPrzedstawiony został diagram fazowy uwodnionego, sodowo kobaltowego związku tlenkowego Na0.3CoO2*yH2O. Diagram powstał w oparciu o zależność stopnia uwodnienia (y) od wilgotności względnej w temperaturze pokojowej. Zaobserwowano trzy fazy: y = 0, 0.6 i 0.13. Zauważono histerezę przy zamianie kierunku procesu uwadniania.
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Hydration of aprotic donor solvents studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy
PublicationThe paper attempts to explain the mutual influence of nonpolar and electron-donor groups on solute hydration,the problem of big importance for biological aqueous systems. Aprotic organic solvents have been used asmodel solutes, differing in electron-donating power. Hydration of acetonitrile, acetone, 2-butanone, andtriethylamine has been studied by HDO and (partially) H2O spectra. The quantitative version of...
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Hydration phase diagram for sodium cobalt oxide Na0.3CoO2·yH2O
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Proton hydration in aqueous solution: FTIR studies of HDO spectra
PublicationW artykule scharakteryzowano sfery hydratacyjne protonu w roztworze wodnym na podstawie pomiarów widm FTIR wody półciężkiej (HDO), rozcieńczonej izotopowo w H2O. Wyniki eksperymentalne skonfrontowano z obliczonymi metodami chemii kwantowej strukturami niewielkich klasterów wodnych typu H+(H2O)n. Otrzymane geometrie optymalne porównano z odległościami międzyatomowymi otrzymanymi na podstawie położeń pasm HDO. Pierwsza sfera hydratacyjna...
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Ionic hydration behavior derived from infrared spectra in HDO
PublicationNa podstawie widm HDO w zakresie podczerwieni scharakteryzowano hydratacjejonów o różnym charakterze. Zastosowana analiza danych widmowych opierała się na metodzie widm różnicowych. Wyniki prowadzą do wniosku, że kationy i aniony wywierają jakościowo bardzo różny wpływ na strukturę wody. Energia wiązań wodorowych cząsteczek wody oddziaływającej z anionem zmienia się proporcjonalnie z siłą polaryzującą anionów. W przeciwieństwie...
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Hydration of simple amides. FTIR spectra of HDO and theoretical studies
PublicationZastosowano metodę ważonych widm różnicowych do opisu hydratacji amidów w roztworach wodnych: formamidu, N-metyloformamidu, N,N-dimetyloformaidu, acetamidu, N-metyloacetamidu, N,N-dimetyloacetamidu. Narzędziem wspomagającym interpretację wyników eksperymentalnych są struktury agregatów solwatacyjnych wokół cząsteczki substancji rozpuszczonej uzyskane na podstawie obliczeń teoretycznych metodą ab initio z korelacją elektronową...
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Mechanical and Non-Destructive Testing of Plasterboards Subjected to a Hydration Process
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Hydration of amino acids: FTIR spectra and molecular dynamics studies
PublicationThe hydration of selected amino acids, alanine, glycine, proline, valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine, has been studied in aqueous solutions by means of FTIR spectra of HDO isotopically diluted in H2O. The difference spectra procedure and the chemometric method have been applied to remove the contribution of bulk water and thus to separate the spectra of solute-affected HDO. To support interpretation of obtained spectral results,...
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Vibrational spectroscopy of semiheavy water (HDO) as a probe of solute hydration
PublicationSpektroskopia oscylacyjna jest idealną metodą w badaniach zjawisk hydratacyjnych. Przy zastosowaniu techniki rozcieńczenia izotopowego, gdy mała ilość D2O zostaje wprowadzona do H2O lub vice versa i powstaje woda półciężka (HDO), ominąć można wiele problemów technicznych i interpretacyjnych związanych z pomiarem widm w podczerwieni wody ciekłej. Zwłaszcza izotopowe rozprzężenie drgań rozciągających ułatwia interpretację widm. Systematycznie...
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Distribution of heat generated by a local heat source
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono analizę rozpływu ciepła wygenerowanego przez lokalne źródło umieszczone w płycie, po której przepływa warstwa wody.
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High-temperature heat pumps – potential technology for heat recovery and production of process heat
PublicationIn the paper, the high temperature vapour compressor based heat pump with a selection of working fluids, both perspective and ecological ones, is considered. Such system is not yet commercially available on the market and in author’s opinion it has significant potential for various applications. In the presented analysis it was assumed that the heat source has a temperature of 50oC and the temperature lift is 60, 80 and 100K respectively....
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Hydration of N-Hydroxyurea from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations
PublicationN-Hydroxyurea (HU) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used as a first-line treatment in conditions such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, among others. To date, its properties as a hydrated molecule in the blood plasma or cytoplasm are dramatically understudied, although they may be crucial to the binding of HU to the radical catalytic site of ribonucleotide reductase, its molecular target. The purpose of this work...
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Structural properties of hydration shell around various conformations of simple polypeptides
PublicationIn this paper we investigate structural properties of water within the solvation shell around the peptide core created by a well-defined conformation of polypeptide chain. The following secondary structures are investigated: linear (straight chain), and three helices PII (polyproline-like), 310, and α. We propose using the two-particle contribution to entropy as a rational measure of the water structural ordering within the solvation...
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Nanocomposite of cement/graphene oxide – Impact on hydration kinetics and Young’s modulus
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Effect of Glass Powder on the Cement Hydration, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mortar
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Boiling heat transfer performance of the thermosiphon heat exchanger
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych prototypowego, termosyfonowgo wymiennika ciepła. W szczególności określono wpływ geometrii pęku rur, stanu powierzchni rurek oraz poziomu cieczy w parowniku na wydajność cieplną wymiennika.
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Two-phase thermosiphon heat exchanger for heat recovery
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących wpływu geometrii pęku rur, rodzaju powierzni przejmowania ciepła parownika oraz płynu pośredniego na całkowitą wydajność dwufazowego termosyfonowego wymiennika ciepła (DTWC). Badaniu poddano sześć prototypowych DTWC z dwiema podziałkami rur w parowniku, dla trzech rodzajów powierzchni rur parownika oraz z zastosowaniem trzech rodzajów płynów pośrednich. Lepszą wydajność...
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HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF ENHANCED SHELL AND COIL HEAT EXCHANGER
PublicationIn the paper authors presented their own constructions of shell and tube heat exchangers with intensified heat transfer. The shell and coils heat exchangers are in common use in heat ventilations and air conditioning systems. Those types of recuperators are quite simple constructions, the low value of pressure drops and good conditions of heat transfer. The present study shows an experimental investigation of the heat transfer...
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Heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase thermosyphon heat exchanger
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu geometrii parownika, rodzaju rur użytych do budowy parownika, rodzaju cieczy pośredniej oraz poziomu cieczy nad najwyższym rzędem rur na działanie dwufazowego, termosyfonowego wymiennika ciepła. Zaprezentowano algorytm obliczeń przedstawionego wymiennika.
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Unusual structural properties of water within the hydration shell of hyperactive antifreeze protein
PublicationMany hypotheses can be encountered explaining the mechanism of action of antifreeze proteins. One widespread theory postulates that the similarity of structural properties of solvation water of antifreeze proteins to ice is crucial to the antifreeze activity of these agents. In order to investigate this problem, the structural properties of solvation water of the hyperactive antifreeze protein from Choristoneura fumiferana were...
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Hydration of Simple Carboxylic Acids from Infrared Spectra of HDOand Theoretical Calculations
PublicationBadanie hydratacji kwasów karboksylowych w rozcieńczonych roztworach wodnych ma duże znaczenie dla zrozumienia ich funkcji biologicznych. Metodą stosowaną w badaniach była spektroskopia oscylacyjna FTIR z zastosowaniem techniki rozcieńczenia izotopowego wody półciężkiej HDO w roztworze wody zwykłej. Do analizy danych widmowych wykorzystano ''metodę widm różnicowych''. Widma HDO zaburzonej przez kwasy: mrówkowy, octowy i propionowy...
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High Performance Tubular Heat Exchanger with Minijet Heat Transfer Enhancement
PublicationIn the paper, the original cylindrical heat exchanger with minijets (MJHE) was introduced. The systematic experimental analysis of the prototype heat exchanger was described with special attention paid to such parameters as the heat transfer effectiveness, heat transfer rates, overall heat transfer coefficients, and pressure drop. The heat transfer coefficients were determined based on Wilson plot method, the most suitable approach...
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Thermal-FSI modeling of flow and heat transfer in a heat exchangerbased on minichanels
PublicationIn this paper selected numerical modelling problems for an advanced thermal-FSI ("Fluid Solid Interaction") mini-channel heat exchanger model are presented. Special attention is given to the heat transfer between the separated mediums for different mass flows. Similar modelling problems have also been discussed in the literature dedicated to numerical and theoretical modelling problems for typical heat exchangers [1, 2, 3]. Basic...
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Possibilities of heat transfer augmentation in heat exchangers with minichannels for marine applications
PublicationIn the paper, new trends in development of microchannel heat exchangers are presented. The exchangers developed in this way can be applied in marine applications. Main attention was focused on heat exchangers design with reduced size of passages namely based on microchannels. In our opinion future development of high power heat exchangers will be based on networks micro heat exchangers.
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Heat transfer intensification by enlarged surface roughness in the plate heat exchanger
PublicationIn the paper an experimental analysis of passive heat transfer intensification technique employed in the case of the plate heat exchanger is presented. The passive intensification was obtained by a modification of the heat transfer surface. The roughness of surface was increased by a use of glass micro-beads. Single-phase convective heat transfer in the water-water system was studied. The experiment was accomplished in two stages....
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Effect of urea and glycine betaine on the hydration sphere of model molecules for the surface features of proteins
PublicationWater properties may significantly affect protein stability. Osmolytes are compounds that intrinsically affect water in many different ways and thus can influence proteins with this type of indirect mechanism. In this study, we characterize water properties in ternary solutions: model–water–osmolyte, with two model molecules: N-methylacetamide (NMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and two osmolytes: glycine betaine (TMG)and urea....
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The hydration of selected biologically relevant molecules – the temperature effect on apparent molar volume and compression
PublicationThe densities and sound velocities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, taurine and N-methylacetamide. From these data, the apparent molar volumes, V the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,, and the Passynski hydration numbers of solutes were determined. The concentration dependencies of the calculated quantities, their limiting values...
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Molecular picture of hydroxide anion hydration in aqueoussolutions studied by FT-IR ATR spectroscopy
PublicationHydratacja anionu hydroksylowego w wodnych roztworach wodorotlenków metali alkalicznych (LiOH, NaOH, KOH) została zbadana metodą spektroskopii oscylacyjnej FT-IR całkowitego wewnętrznego odbicia (ATR). Widma oscylacyjne wody dostarczają cennych informacji na temat stanu strukturalnego cząsteczek wody w sferach hydratacyjnych, wynikających ze sprzężeń oscylatorów w układzie. Wykazano, że drganie normalne rozciągające cząsteczki...
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Water Behavior of Aerogels Obtained from Chemically Modified Potato Starches during Hydration
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Triticale extrudates – Changes of macrostructure, mechanical properties and molecular water dynamics during hydration
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Enhanced acceptor concentration, proton conductivity, and hydration in multicomponent rare‐earth ortho‐niobates
PublicationThe structural properties of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Eu0.2)1−xCaxNbO4−δ (x = 0–0.05) series have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetry, from which the concentration of proton defects was determined. Additionally, dilatometry studies were carried out, from which the thermal expansion coefficients and the phase transition temperature between low-...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublicationIn the paper presented is a concept to utilize waste heat from the power plant with the aid of the low-temperature ORC cycle. The ORC system is heated from two heat sources, the first one being the flow rate of waste heat obtained from the exhaust gases. Subsequently, the working fluid in the cycle is additionally heated by the condensing steam from the low pressure turbine extraction points increasing in such way the level of...
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Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the silicone-based plate heat exchanger
PublicationThe paper presents an experimental investigation of a silicone based heat exchanger, with passive heat transfer intensification by means of surface enhancement. The main objective of this paper was to experimentally investigate the performance of a heat exchanger module with the enhanced surface. Heat transfer in the test section has been examined and described with precise measurements of thermal and flow conditions. Reported...
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The influence of microjet array area ratio on heat transfer in the compact heat exchanger
PublicationThe paper describes the comprehensive study on the effect of microjet array geometrical parameters on the heat transfer enhancement in the modular heat exchanger. The conducted experimental study provides an experimental database on single phase submerged microjet heat transfer. The Wilson plot method was applied to determine the heat transfer coefficients in the laminar and transition flow regimes of a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger....
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Turbulent heat transfer in thin liquid films at low and high heat fluxes
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono rozważania turbulentnej wymiany ciepła w cienkich filmach cieczowych powstałych w wyniku uderzenia strugi przy małych i dużych strumieniach ciepła. W ostatnim przypadku może dojść do wrzenia filmu cieczowego. Oba zjawiska zamodelowano i uzyskano odpowiednie rozkłady temperatury i pedkosci.
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublicationThe presented work is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. Therefore the precondition of the study was to use the waste heat available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. That was the incentive to search for the ways of increasing the temperature of the...