Search results for: SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTROMAGNETS
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Bezczujnikowe sterowanie trakcyjnym silnikiem IPMSM małej mocy
PublicationThis paper describes an algorithm for estimation of IPMSM angular rotor position. The algorithm uses derivatives of motor phase currents resulting from PWM modulation to obtain the rotor position. Control of the IPMSM electromagnetic torque requires a precise estimation of the rotor angular position throughout the wide speed range. This involves using a set of estimation methods switched with the dependence on the actual rotor...
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Properties of ordered titanium templates covered with Au thin films for SERS applications
PublicationtCurrently, roughened metal nanostructures are widely studied as highly sensitive Raman scattering sub-strates that show application potential in biochemistry, food safety or medical diagnostic. In this workthe structural properties and the enhancement effect due to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ofhighly ordered nano-patterned titanium templates covered with thin (5–20 nm) gold films are reported.The templates are formed...
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Underwater Acoustic Imaging of the Sea
PublicationAcoustic waves are a carrier of information mainly in environments where the use of other types of waves, for example electromagnetic waves, is limited. The term acoustical imaging is widely used in the ultrasonic engineering to imaging areas in which the acoustic waves propagate. In particular, ultrasound is widely used in the visualization of human organs - ultrasonography (Nowicki, 2010). Expanding the concept, acoustical imaging...
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Expedited Feature-Based Quasi-Global Optimization of Multi-Band Antenna Input Characteristics with Jacobian Variability Tracking
PublicationDesign of modern antennas relies—for reliability reasons—on full-wave electromagnetic simulation tools. In addition, increasingly stringent specifications pertaining to electrical and field performance, growing complexity of antenna topologies, along with the necessity for handling multiple objectives, make numerical optimization of antenna geometry parameters a highly recommended design procedure. Conventional algorithms, particularly...
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Design of a compact planar transmission line for miniaturized rat-race coupler with harmonics suppression
PublicationThis paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler’s conventional λ/4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses,...
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Miniaturized Inline Bandpass Filters Based on Triple-Mode Integrated Coaxial-Waveguide Resonators
PublicationThis work presents a design technique to implement miniaturized cross-coupled bandpass filters in inline physical configurations based on triple-mode resonators. Triple-mode resonances are obtained by using integrated coaxial-waveguide cavity resonators. They consist of two coaxial conducting posts placed in the sidewalls of a rectangular waveguide cavity. In the proposed triplet, a transmission zero (TZ) can be positioned at any...
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Global Complex Roots and Poles Finding Algorithm in C × R Domain
PublicationAn algorithm to find the roots and poles of a complex function depending on two arguments (one complex and one real) is proposed. Such problems are common in many fields of science for instance in electromagnetism, acoustics, stability analyses, spectroscopy, optics, and elementary particle physics. The proposed technique belongs to the class of global algorithms, gives a full picture of solutions in a fixed region ⊂ C × R and...
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Do Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings, room acoustics and radio astronomy have anything in common?
PublicationAfter introducing Leonardo da Vinci’s (LdV) predecessors in the field of light propagation research, his drawings on the topic of reflecting light by a spherical mirror are analysed. The discovery of LdV is presented, according to which, at an infinitely distant source of rays, a small fragment of the canopy is enough to generate a focus, while the rest of the mirror forms a caustic for which LdV did not indicate an application....
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Jednoelektronowy atom Diraca w słabym polu magnetycznym
PublicationW rozprawie przedstawiono opis wpływu zewnętrznego stałego, słabego, jednorodnego pola magnetycznego na jednoelektronowy atom Diraca. Wykorzystując funkcje gęstości ładunku elektrycznego oraz gęstości prądu elektrycznego, rozważono procesy indukowania się w atomie dodatkowych elektromagnetycznych momentów multipolowych. Dokonano analizy indukowanego momentu dipolowego, w wyniku której uzyskano wyrażenie dla magnetyzowalności atomu....
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EM‐driven constrained miniaturization of antennas using adaptive in‐band reflection acceptance threshold
PublicationNumerical optimization of geometry parameters is a critical stage of the design process of compact antennas. It is also challenging because size reduction is constrained by the necessity of fulfilling imposed electrical performance requirements. Furthermore, full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis needs to be used for reliable performance evaluation of the antenna structure, which is computationally expensive. In this paper, an...
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On Reduced-Cost Design-Oriented Constrained Surrogate Modeling of Antenna Structures
PublicationDesign of contemporary antenna structures heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Such models are essential to ensure reliability of evaluating antenna characteristics, yet, they are computationally expensive and therefore unsuitable for handling tasks that require multiple analyses, e.g., parametric optimization. The cost issue can be alleviated by using fast surrogate models. Conventional data-driven...
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Windowing of the Discrete Green's Function for Accurate FDTD Computations
PublicationThe paper presents systematic evaluation of the applicability of parametric and nonparametric window functions for truncation of the discrete Green's function (DGF). This function is directly derived from the FDTD update equations, thus the FDTD method and its integral discrete formulation can be perfectly coupled using DGF. Unfortunately, the DGF computations require processor time, hence DGF has to be truncated with appropriate...
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Problems of Measuring Gas Content in Oil in a Two-Phase Flow: A Review
PublicationIn view of the necessity of measuring the air content in oil in two-phase flows in the context of general industry, a review of the most popular methods of measuring the air content in oil was carried out. This review includes an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages and of whether they meet criteria such as the degree of filling, the size and number of bubbles, verification, the absence of additional pressure drops,...
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Tuning a Hybrid GPU-CPU V-Cycle Multilevel Preconditioner for Solving Large Real and Complex Systems of FEM Equations
PublicationThis letter presents techniques for tuning an accelerated preconditioned conjugate gradient solver with a multilevel preconditioner. The solver is optimized for a fast solution of sparse systems of equations arising in computational electromagnetics in a finite element method using higher-order elements. The goal of the tuning is to increase the throughput while at the same time reducing the memory requirements in order to allow...
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Diagnostics of induction motor bearings - possibility of measurements
PublicationIn induction motors damage in the elements of electromagnetic system, for example in the wiring of stator, rotor or in the magnetic circuit can appear as well as damage of mechanical parts (bearings, rotor, shaft). Bearing diagnostics is so important in supervision of motor condition, because extensive research shows that the bearings arethe elements most susceptible to damage. This paper presents the research which the author...
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Cost-Efficient Design Methodology for Compact Rat-Race Couplers
PublicationIn this article, a reliable and low-cost design methodology for simulation-driven optimization of miniaturized rat-race couplers (RRCs) is presented. We exploit a two-stage design approach, where a composite structure (a basic building block of the RRC structure) is first optimized using a pattern search algorithm, and, subsequently, the entire coupler is tuned by means of surrogate-based optimization (SBO) procedure. SBO is executed...
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Application of the Monte Carlo algorithm for solving volume integral equation in light scattering simulations
PublicationVarious numerical methods were proposed for analysis of the light scattering phenomenon. Important group of these methods is based on solving the volume integral equation describing the light scattering process. The popular method from this group is the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). DDA uses various numerical algorithms to solve the discretized integral equation. In the recent years, the application of the Monte Carlo (MC)...
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Kriging metamodels and design re‐utilization for fast parameter tuning of antenna structures
PublicationThe paper addresses the problem of computationally efficient electromagnetic (EM)‐driven design closure of antenna structures. The foundations of the presented approach are fast kriging interpolation metamodels, utilized for two purposes: (a) producing a good starting point for further parameter tuning, and (b) yielding a reasonable Jacobian matrix estimate to jump‐start the optimization procedure. The models are rendered using...
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Performance-Driven Inverse/Forward Modeling of Antennas in Variable-Thickness Domains
PublicationDesign of contemporary antenna systems is a challenging endeavor. The difficulties are partially rooted in stringent specifications imposed on both electrical and field characteristics, demands concerning various functionalities, but also constraints imposed upon the physical size of the radiators. Furthermore, conducting the design process at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations, otherwise dictated by reliability,...
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Quasi-Global Optimization of Antenna Structures Using Principal Components and Affine Subspace-Spanned Surrogates
PublicationParametric optimization is a mandatory step in the design of contemporary antenna structures. Conceptual development can only provide rough initial designs that have to be further tuned, often extensively. Given the topological complexity of modern antennas, the design closure necessarily involves full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations and—in many cases—global search procedures. Both factors make antenna optimization a computationally...
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Expedited Gradient-Based Design Closure of Antennas Using Variable-Resolution Simulations and Sparse Sensitivity Updates
PublicationNumerical optimization has been playing an increasingly important role in the design of contemporary antenna systems. Due to the shortage of design-ready theoretical models, optimization is mainly based on electromagnetic (EM) analysis, which tends to be costly. Numerous techniques have evolved to abate this cost, including surrogate-assisted frameworks for global optimization, or sparse sensitivity updates for speeding up local...
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On Decomposition-Based Surrogate-Assisted Optimization of Leaky Wave Antenna Input Characteristics for Beam Scanning Applications
PublicationRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in reconfigurable antenna systems. Travelling wave antennas (TWAs) and leaky wave antennas (LWAs) are representative examples of structures featuring a great level of flexibility (e.g., straightforward implementation of beam scanning), relatively simple geometrical structure, low profile, and low fabrication cost. Notwithstanding, the design process of TWAs/LWAs is a challenging endeavor...
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On EM-driven size reduction of antenna structures with explicit constraint handling
PublicationSimulation-driven miniaturization of antenna components is a challenging task mainly due to the presence of expensive constraints, evaluation of which involves full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The recommended approach is implicit constraint handling using penalty functions, which, however, requires a meticulous selection of penalty coefficients, instrumental in ensuring optimization process reliability. This paper proposes...
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Reduced-Cost Constrained Modeling of Microwave and Antenna Components: Recent Advances
PublicationElectromagnetic (EM) simulation models are ubiquitous in the design of microwave and antenna components. EM analysis is reliable but CPU intensive. In particular, multiple simulations entailed by parametric optimization or uncertainty quantification may considerably slow down the design processes. In order to address this problem, it is possible to employ fast metamodels. Here, the popular solution approaches are approximation...
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Rapid Surrogate-Aided Multi-Criterial Optimization of Compact Microwave Passives Employing Machine Learning and ANNs
PublicationThis article introduces an innovative method for achieving low-cost and reliable multi-objective optimization (MO) of microwave passive circuits. The technique capitalizes on the attributes of surrogate models, specifically artificial neural networks (ANNs), and multi-resolution electromagnetic (EM) analysis. We integrate the search process into a machine learning (ML) framework, where each iteration produces multiple infill points...
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Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharges in an Oil-Filled Power Transformer
PublicationPower transformers are among the most important assets in the power transmission and distribution grid. However, they suffer from degradation and possible faults causing major electrical and financial losses. Partial discharges (PDs) are used to identify the insulation health status and their degradation level. PDs are incipient, low-magnitude faults caused by localized dielectric breakdown. Those activities emit signals in many...
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Inline Waveguide Filter With Transmission Zeros Using a Modified-T-Shaped-Post Coupling Inverter
PublicationThis letter reports the design techniques for a class 2 of inline waveguide bandpass filters with sharp-rejection capabil3 ities at the lower stopband based on a novel nonlinear-frequency4 variant-coupling (NFVC) structure. The proposed NFVC consists 5 of a modified-T-shaped metallic post (MTP) that is placed at the 6 center of the waveguide broad wall with its open arms lying 7 along the waveguide width. The engineered NFVC structure 8...
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Thermomagnetic behavior of a semiconductor material heated by pulsed excitation based on the fourth-order MGT photothermal model
PublicationThis article proposes a photothermal model to reveal the thermo-magneto-mechanical properties of semiconductor materials, including coupled diffusion equations for thermal conductivity, elasticity, and excess carrier density. The proposed model is developed to account for the optical heating that occurs through the semiconductor medium. The Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation of the fourth-order serves as the theoretical framework...
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Design of Frequency-Reconfigurable Branch-Line Crossover Using Rectangular Dielectric Channels
PublicationThis paper presents an efficient yet straightforward passive reconfiguration technique to tune the operating frequency of a branch-line crossover (BLCO). The underlying principle is to fill rectangular dielectric channels (RDCs) prepared beforehand with either air or materials of different relative permittivity. Two configurations (one RDC and three RDCs in each arm) of the branch-line crossover are employed to estimate the tunability...
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Investigating lubricants behaviour in microgravity for vibration damping purposes
PublicationVibration is one of the harshest environments an object is exposed to during and after launch into space on a launch vehicle. Such vibrations should be damped to avoid destruction of the spacecraft or its elements. Currently, active and material damping is used. A possibility of using lubrication as the damping factor is suggested by some research. MoS2 is a typical solid lubricant used in space applications. Its properties vary...
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Expedited optimization of antenna input characteristics with adaptive Broyden updates
PublicationSimulation-driven adjustment of geometry and/or material parameters is a necessary step in the design of contemporary antenna structures. Due to their topological complexity, other means, such as supervised parameter sweeping, does not usually lead to satisfactory results. On the other hand, rigorous numerical optimization is computationally expensive due to a high cost of underlying full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analyses, otherwise...
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Efficient Gradient-Based Algorithm with Numerical Derivatives for Expedited Optimization of Multi-Parameter Miniaturized Impedance Matching Transformers
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools have become ubiquitous in the design of microwave components. In some cases, e.g., miniaturized microstrip components, EM analysis is mandatory due to considera¬ble cross-coupling effects that cannot be accounted for otherwise (e.g., by means of equivalent circuits). These effects are particularly pronounced in the structures in¬volving slow-wave compact cells and their numerical...
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Numerically efficient algorithm for compact microwave device optimization with flexible sensitivity updating scheme
PublicationAn efficient trust-region algorithm with flexible sensitivity updating management scheme for electromagnetic (EM)-driven design optimization of compact microwave components is proposed. During the optimization process, updating of selected columns of the circuit response Jacobian is performed using a rank-one Broyden formula (BF) replacing finite differentiation (FD). The FD update is omitted for directions sufficiently well aligned...
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Multi-fidelity EM simulations and constrained surrogate modelling for low-cost multi-objective design optimisation of antennas
PublicationIn this study, a technique for low-cost multi-objective design optimisation of antenna structures has been proposed. The proposed approach is an enhancement of a recently reported surrogate-assisted technique exploiting variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulations and auxiliary kriging interpolation surrogate, the latter utilised to produce the initial approximation of the Pareto set. A bottleneck of the procedure for higher-dimensional...
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Comprehensive comparison of compact UWB antenna performance by means of multi-objective optimization
PublicationAn optimization-based procedure for comprehensive performance comparison of alternative compact UWB antenna topologies is discussed. The assessment of the antenna performance is conducted with respect to the structure size and its reflection response. More specifically, the best possible tradeoffs between these two figures of merit are identified through multiobjective optimization at the level...
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Accurate simulation-driven modeling and design optimization of compact microwave structures
PublicationCost efficient design optimization of microwave structures requires availability of fast yet reliable replacement models so that multiple evaluations of the structure at hand can be executed in reasonable timeframe. Direct utilization of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations is often prohibitive. On the other hand, accurate data-driven modeling normally requires a very large number of training points and it is virtually infeasible...
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Multi-transformer primary-side regulated flyback converter for supplying isolated IGBT and MOSFET drivers
PublicationThis paper presents primary-side voltage regulated multi-transformer quasi-resonant flyback converter (MTFC) for supplying isolated power switch drivers. The proposed topology offers distinct advantages over frequently used flyback converter possessing one high frequency transformer with isolated multiple outputs. Particularly, when a large number of separate dc supply units is required, then MTFC enables improved regular distribution...
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Triangulation-based Constrained Surrogate Modeling of Antennas
PublicationDesign of contemporary antenna structures is heavily based on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. They provide accuracy but are CPU-intensive. Reduction of EM-driven design procedure cost can be achieved by using fast replacement models (surrogates). Unfortunately, standard modeling techniques are unable to ensure sufficient predictive power for real-world antenna structures (multiple parameters, wide parameter ranges,...
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Simulation-driven size-reduction-oriented design of multi-band antennas by means of response features
PublicationThis study addresses the problem of explicit size reduction of multi-band antennas by means of simulation-driven optimisation. The principal difficulty of electromagnetic (EM)-based miniaturisation of multi-band antennas is that several resonances have to be controlled independently (both in terms of their frequency allocation and depth) while attempting to reduce physical dimensions of the structure at hand. The design method...
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Theory versus experiment for vacuum Rabi oscillations in lossy cavities. II. Direct test of uniqueness of vacuum
PublicationThe paper continues the analysis of vacuum Rabi oscillations we started in part I [Phys. Rev. A 79, 033836 (2009)]. Here we concentrate on experimental consequences for cavity QED of two different classes of representations of harmonic-oscillator Lie algebras. The zero-temperature master equation, derived in part I for irreducible representations of the algebra, is reformulated in a reducible representation that models electromagnetic...
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Fast tolerance-aware design optimization of miniaturized microstrip couplers using variable-fidelity EM simulations and re-sponse features
PublicationManufacturing tolerances and other types of uncertainties may considerably affect operation and performance of microwave components and systems. Quantification of these effects is therefore an important part of the design process. It is even more important to obtain designs whose sensitivity to parameter deviations is reduced as much as possible. All of these require statistical analysis carried out at the level of electromagnetic...
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The Use of Wavelet Analysis to Denoising of Electrocardiography Signal
PublicationThe electrocardiography examination, due to its accessibility and simplicity, has an important role in diagnostics of the heart ailments. It enables quick detection of various heart defects, undetectable by other kinds of diagnostic tools, so it is very popular. Nevertheless, the measured signal is exposed to a different disturbances. Among them, the electromagnetic interferences, drift of reference electrode and high frequency...
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Rapid Microwave Design Optimization in Frequency Domain Using Adaptive Response Scaling
PublicationIn this paper, a novel methodology for cost-efficient microwave design optimization in the frequency domain is proposed. Our technique, referred to as adaptive response scaling (ARS), has been developed for constructing a fast replacement model (surrogate) of the high-fidelity electromagnetic-simulated model of the microwave structure under design using its equivalent circuit (low-fidelity model). The basic principle of ARS is...
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If Gravity is Geometry, is Dark Energy just Arithmetic?
PublicationArithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), as well as the calculus they imply, are non-unique. The examples of four-dimensional spaces, R^4 and (−L/2,L/2)^4, are considered where different types of arithmetic and calculus coexist simultaneously. In all the examples there exists a non-Diophantine arithmetic that makes the space globally Minkowskian, and thus the laws of physics are formulated in terms...
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IoT for healthcare applications
PublicationThis chapter summarizes IRACON contributions related to the application of IoT in healthcare. It consists of the following three sections. Section 8.1 presents the measurement campaigns and the related statistical analysis to obtain various channel models for wearable and implantable devices. In addition, the importance of physical human-body phantoms used for channel, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and Electromagnetic (EM) exposure...
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Analysis of the possibility of creep damage detection in T24 heat resistant steel with the help of magnetic nondestestructive testing methods
PublicationThe paper presents the result of an analysis of applicability of various electromagnetic methods of nondestructive evaluation for creep damage detection in a novel heat resistant steel - T24 grade. Two sample sets, cut out from membrane wall tubes, were investigated – the as-delivered one and another exploited for 36,000 h in a power plant. There are described results of magnetic hysteresis loops B(H), Barkhausen noise (BN) and...
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Analytical Methods for Causality Evaluation of Photonic Materials
PublicationWe comprehensively review several general methods and analytical tools used for causality evaluation of photonic materials. Our objective is to call to mind and then formulate, on a mathematically rigorous basis, a set of theorems which can answer the question whether a considered material model is causal or not. For this purpose, a set of various distributional theorems presented in literature is collected as the distributional...
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A Novel Trust-Region-Based Algorithm with Flexible Jacobian Updates for Expedited Optimization of High-Frequency Structures
PublicationSimulation-driven design closure is mandatory in the design of contemporary high-frequency components. It aims at improving the selected performance figures through adjustment of the structure’s geometry (and/or material) parameters. The computational cost of this process when employing numerical optimization is often prohibitively high, which is a strong motivation for the development of more efficient methods. This is especially...
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Expedited simulation-driven design optimization of UWB antennas by means of response features
PublicationIn this work, a method for fast design optimization of broadband antennas is considered. The approach is based on a feature-based optimization (FBO) concept where reflection characteristics of the structure at hand are formulated in terms of suitably defined feature points. Redefinition of the design problem allows for reducing the design optimization cost, because the dependence of feature point coordinates on antenna dimensions...
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On geometry parameterization for simulation-driven design closure of antenna structures
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools have become ubiquitous in antenna design, especially final tuning of geometry parameters. From the reliability standpoint, the recommended realization of EM-driven design is through rigorous numerical optimization. It is a challenging endeavor with the major issues related to the high computational cost of the process, but also the necessity of handling several objectives and constraints...