Search results for: HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
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Diffusible Hydrogen Control in Flux Cored Arc Welding Process
PublicationOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper an experimental...
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Positron scattering on molecular hydrogen: Analysis of experimental and theoretical uncertainties
PublicationExperiments performed in recent years on positron scattering from molecular hydrogen indicated a rise of the total cross section in the limit of zero energy, but essentially disagree on the amplitude of this rise. Mitroy and collaborators [J.-Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 223202 (2009)] predicted a scattering length somewhat different from values deduced experimentally. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo modified effective...
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Elimination and migration of hydrogen in the vacuum-ultraviolet photodissociation of pyridine molecules
PublicationElimination of the excited hydrogen atoms H(n), n = 4–7, and hydrogen migration in formation of the excited NH(A 3Π) free radicals in the photodissociation of pyridine, C5H5N, molecules have been studied over the 17.5–70 eV photon energy range. In the measurements the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy technique has been applied. Both fragments are produced through excitation of pyridine molecules into higher-lying superexcited...
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Electron-impact dissociation of molecular hydrogen: benchmark cross sections
PublicationWe present a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of a fundamental process in atomic and molecular physics: electron impact excitation of molecular hydrogen’s (H2) most dominant transition (X1Σg+ → b3Σu+). Excitation of this state is by far the main channel that causes the dissociation of H2 into H + H atoms at low energies. The Convergent Close-Coupling (CCC) calculations predicted significant, more than factor of...
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Two-dimensional hydrogen-like atom in a weak magnetic field
PublicationWe consider a non-relativistic two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen-like atom in a weak, static, uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic plane. Within the framework of the Rayleigh-Schr¨odinger perturbation theory, using the Sturmian expansion of the generalized radial Coulomb Green function, we derive explicit analytical expressions for corrections to an arbitrary planar hydrogenic bound-state energy level, up to the fourth...
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A study of a reduction of a micro- and nanometric bismuth oxide in hydrogen atmosphere
PublicationA reduction of bismuth oxide in hydrogen atmosphere was investigated. The reaction was performed with a material in various structural forms: powder: with micrometric grains, powder with nanometric grains and powder pressed into pellets. The process was performed in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. An activation energy of the reaction calculated with Friedman method was found to be about 85 kJ/mol for the reduction...
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The Effect of Welding Conditions on Diffusible Hydrogen Content in Deposited Metal
PublicationThe article presents the results of a literature survey and preliminary tests which set out effects of welding conditions on the amount of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. Experiments were conducted by using rutile coated electrodes which generate high contents of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. The amount of diffusible hydrogen was determined by a glycerin test.Eleven factors were considered: the electrode angle,...
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Synthesis and hydrogen evolving catalysis of a panchromatic photochemical molecular device
PublicationA dinuclear hydrogen evolution photocatalyst [(tbbpy)2Os(tpphz)PtI2](PF6)2 (tbbpy = 4,4′-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine; tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:2′′,3′′-h:2′′′,3′′′-j]phenazine) is synthesized in order to make use of the broader range of visible light absorption mitigated by the osmium center. In a first step, the activity of the complex for hydrogen evolution is investigated by evaluating the role of different electron donors...
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Direct reduction of pellets through hydrogen: Experimental and model behaviour
PublicationThis paper presents the hydrogen reduction behaviour of industrial pellets designed for the efficient hydrogen based direct reduction. The pellets were provided with very low non ferrous oxides percentage (0.52 of basicity index) and with the absence on TiO2 oxides. The pellets measured diameters in the range 1.14–1.72 cm and were characterized in terms of porosity, pores size, tortuosity and compression strength. The pellets were...
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Hydrogen direct reduction and reoxidation behaviour of high-grade pellets
PublicationHigh grade pellets with basicity index close to 0.5 were directly reduced in pure hydrogen atmosphere. The reduction experiments were performed in the temperature range 800 e1000 C at the pressure of 8 bar. The pellets internal structure was analysed through micro tomography observations in the unreduced and reduced conditions. After reduction, the pellets showed a variation of porosity up to more than 15% with a remarkable change...
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Production of hydrogen from biomass and its separation using membranetechnology
PublicationHydrogen is an important raw material for chemical industry and feasible renewable energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. However, the specie seldom exists in a form of pure H2. Therefore, to obtain hydrogen in volumes suitable to be used as a raw material it is necesary to decompose hydrogen-rich compounds. The carbohydrate-rich biomass can be an important source of hydrogen by applying the process of dark fermentation....
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Hydrogen production from wood waste by mean of dark fermentation
PublicationThe utilization of wood wastes in clean and green chemistry method like by mean of dark fermentation, is a highly desired solution of waste management. In the article model for the estimation hydrogen potential of wood waste is given. The model has been used to calculate the potential theoretical hydrogen mass that can be produced from wood wastes in Pomerania and Silesia: pine, spruce, fir, beech and oak. In the introduction,...
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Diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal of multilayer welded joints
PublicationThe article describes manufacturing technology of multilayer joints in terms of control the diffusible hydrogen content. Diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal for multilayer welded joints made of covered rutile electrodes or covered cellulosic and basic electrodes was determined. It was found that after four beads, the diffusible hydrogen content decreases in the case of the first technology from 36 ml/100 g to 18 ml/100...
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Observation of the Hydrogen Migration in the Cation-Induced Fragmentation of the Pyridine Molecules
PublicationThe ability to selectively control chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis has recently attracted much attention. In particular, the hydrogen atom relocation may be used to manipulate bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes and may hold promise for far-reaching applications. Thus, the hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the gas-phase pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+, He2+, and...
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2-Methoxyestradiol and Hydrogen Peroxide as Promising Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease
PublicationEstrogens function in numerous physiological processes including controlling brain cell growth and differentiation. 2-Meth- oxestradiol (2-ME2), a 17β-estradiol (E2) metabolite, is known for its anticancer effects as observed both in vivo and in vitro. 2-ME2 affects all actively dividing cells, including neurons. The study aimed to determine whether 2-ME2 is a potentially cancer-protective or rather neurodegenerative agent in a...
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Hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in crystals of chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids – competition or cooperation?
PublicationThis article presents crystal structures of chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids bearing both a hydrogen and a chalcogen bond donor. The selected molecules varied in the size of the aromatic unit, the chalcogen atom and/or the position of the carboxyl group in the core structure. The most common synthons in their lattice are "R" _"2" ^"2" (8) self-complementary acid dimers or four-membered [Ch···N]2 rings. Supramolecular synthons...
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Hydrogen degradation of high-strength weldable steels in sea-water
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono ocenę podatności stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości oraz ich złączy spawanych na kruchość wodorową. Wykonano próby powolnego rozciągania na stalach gatunku 17HMBVA i 14HNMBCu oraz ich złączach spawanych, w środowisku wody morskiej, przy polaryzacji katodowej. Wykonano badania elektrochemiczne przenikania wodoru przez membrany pobrane z rożnych obszarów złączy spawanych.
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Advanced vanadium modified steels for high pressure hydrogen reactors
PublicationPrzedstawiono nową generację stali chromowo-molibdenowych zmodyfikowanych wanadem, przeznaczonych do budowy wodorowych reaktorów i porównano ze stalami konwencjonalnymi. Opisano mikrostrukturę, właściwości i zastosowanie stali. Podkreślono wpływ mikrostruktury nowych stali na przebieg degradacji środowiskowej.
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Hydrogen degradation of the 26H2MF alloy steel in H2SO4 and hydrocarbon environments.
PublicationSTAL 26H2MF ZOSTALA PODDANA RÓZNEJ OBRÓBCE CIEPLNEJ, PO KTÓREJ UZYSKAŁA ONA RÓŻNĄ MIKROSTRUKTURĘ ORAZ CHARAKTER PRZEŁOMU. WYKONANO PRÓBY POWOLNEGO ODKSZTAŁCANIA W ROZCIEŃCZONYM KWASIE SIARKOWYM, PALIWIE CIĘZKIM I PRZEPRACOWANYM OLEJU SILNIKOWYM PRZEPRACOWANYM.
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Hydrogen degradation of 26H2MF and 34HNM steels used in ship engines.
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań podatności stali 26H2MF i 34HNM na niszczenie wodorowe, uzyskane po badaniach w roztworze kwasu siarkowego przy równoczesnej polaryzacji katodowej. Wykazano, że skład i obróbka cieplna stali mają wpływ na ich podatność. Efejkt ten przypisano różnej zdolności pułapkowania wodoru przez stale.
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Hydrogen degradation of high-strength weldable steels in sea-water.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono ocenę degradacji wodorowej dwóch gatunków stali spawalnych o wysokiej wytrzymałości 17HMBVA i 14HNMBCu. Badania wykonano na materiałach rodzimych i złączach spawanych stali w oparciu o próbę rozciągania z małą prędkością. Próby wykonano w powietrzu oraz środowisku wody morskiej przy polaryzacji katodowej. Dodatkowo wykonano elektrochemiczne badania przenikania wodoru i wyznaczono zależności stężenia wodoru...
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Hydrogen delayed cracking of high-strength 14hnmbcu steel in seawater
PublicationOceniano podatność na niszczenie wodorowe stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości i jej połączeń spawanych przy stałym obciążeniu w wodzie morskiej. Badania przeprowadzono na próbkach okrągłych z karbem w środowisku wody morskiej przy potencjale korozyjnym oraz przy polaryzacji katodowej. Badano stal gatunku 14HNMBCu o minimalnej granicy plastyczności 690 MPa oraz jej połączenia spawane automatycznie łukiem krytym i ręcznie łukowo elektrodą...
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Evaluation of susceptibility of high-strength steels to hydrogen delayed cracking
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań podatności na opóźnine pękanie wodorowe stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości w oparciu o próbę stałego obciążenia. Badano stal do pracy w podwyższonych temperaturach 26H2MF oraz stal do ulepszania cieplnego 34HNM w środowisku przepracowanego oleju silnikowego. Badano również stal 14HNMBCu i jej złącza spawane w środowisku wody morskiej przy polaryzacji katodowej.
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Conducting Polymer Microelectrodes Anchored to Hydrogel Films
PublicationArtykuł prezentuje wytwarzanie organicznych hydrożeli z mikroelektrodami poli(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, PEDOT), które wykazują obniżoną rezystywność 100 Ω/□. Proces przygotowania rozpoczyna się elektroosadzania przewodzącego PEDOT (ok. 20 S/cm) na mikroelektrodach Pt. Elektrolityczne wiąże się film PEDOT z hydrożelem. Tak wytworzona struktura jest odrywana elektrycznie pd podłoża.
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Processing of Biomass Prior to Hydrogen Fermentation and Post-Fermentative Broth Management
PublicationUsing bioconversion and simultaneous value-added product generation requires purifica- tion of the gaseous and the liquid streams before, during, and after the bioconversion process. The effect of diversified process parameters on the efficiency of biohydrogen generation via biological pro- cesses is a broad object of research. Biomass-based raw materials are often applied in investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using...
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Silica xerogel–hydrogen peroxide composites: Their morphology, stability, and antimicrobial activity
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Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide on the UVC Photolysis of Diclofenac and Toxicity of the Phototransformation Products
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Hydrogen production from wastewater, storage, economy, governance and applications: a review
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Effect of Microplastics Pollution on Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Comprehensive Review
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Synergistic effect of fennel essential oil and hydrogen peroxide on bacterial biofilm
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Sulphated TiO2 Reduced by Ammonia and Hydrogen as an Excellent Photocatalyst for Bacteria Inactivation
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Detonations in hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in semi confined flat channels
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Hydrogen induced degradation of structural steel exposed to the technical liquid hydrocarbons
PublicationBadano degradacje stali 26H2MF w mieszaninach węglowodorów. Badania były prowadzone pod stałym obciążeniem i przy małej prędkości 10-6s-1
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Corrosion and hydrogen intake for some Cr-Mn steels in liquid hydrocarbons
PublicationStal 34HNM i 26H2MF, poddana różnym obróbkom cieplnym wykazała skłonność do korozji naprężeniowej przy pomiarach ze stałą szybkością rozciągania (10-6s-1) i pomiarach niskocyklowego zmęczenia, wykonanych w paliwie kotłowym. Mechanizm korozji naprężeniowej określono jako kruchość wodorowa, co zostało potwierdzone w pomiarach pochłaniania wodoru z tych środowisk. Jako możliwe źródła wnikania wodoru do stali omówiono procesy korozyjne,...
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Silica xerogel-hydrogen peroxide composite: their morphology, stability, and antimicrobial activity
PublicationOpracowano metody otrzymywania stabilnego kompozytu złożonego z kserożelu krzemionkowego i nadtlenku wodoru w szerokim zakresie stężeń H2O2. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę otrzymanego kompozytu. W szczególności określono morfologię kompozytu, stabilność termiczną oraz dokonano oceny właściwości bakteriobójczych preparatu.
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Interplay of hydrogen bonding and aryl-perfluoroaryl interactions in construction of supramolecular aggregates
PublicationThe stacking between aryl and perfluoroaryl units is an important class of the aromatic – aromatic interactions that has attracted rapidly growing interest in recent years. Continuing interest of our group in this subject it had been prepared three new complexes of pentafluorobenzoic acid with benzyl alcohol, 4-methylbenzyl alcohol and 4-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol and in the next step investigated their self-assembly modes by...
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Hydrogen-enhanced degradation and oxide effects in zirconium alloys for nuclear applications
PublicationThe zirconium alloys used in nuclear industry include mainly ZreSn and ZreNb alloys ofdifferent chemical composition, microstructure and susceptibility to both hydrogendegradation and oxidation. The hypothetic nuclear accidents can create a real danger tothe Zr alloys and stability of parts made of these alloys, and especially such as loss ofcoolant accident (LOCA) and reactivity initiated accidents (RIA). The hydrogen degradationcan...
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Hydrogen effects in duplex stainless steel welded joints - electrochemical studies
PublicationIn this work results on the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) welded joints are described. The results were discussed by taking into account three different areas on the welded joint: weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal. The corrosion resistance was qualified with the polarization curves registered in a synthetic sea water. The conclusion is that,...
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Determining diffusible hydrogen amounts using the mercury method. Welding International
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono szczegółową charakterystykę procedury oznaczania ilości wodoru dyfundującego metodą rtęciową na tle innych metod badawczych i aktualnego stanu wiedzy dotyczącego rozpatrywanego zagadnienia. Omówiono klasyfikację wodoru występującego w złączu spawanym oraz metody oznaczania ilości wodoru dyfundującego w stopiwie ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na metodę rtęciową jako metodę podstawową. Zestawiono zależności...
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Hydrogen production from ethanol In nitrogen microwave plasma At atmospheric pressure
PublicationHydrogen seems to be one of the most promising alternative energy sources. It is a renewable fuel as it could be produced from e.g. waste or bio-ethanol. Furthermore hydrogen is compatible with fuel cells and is environmentally clean. In contrast to conventional methods of hydrogen production such as water electrolysis or coal gasification we propose a method based on atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. In this paper we present...
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Synthesis and Characterization of K-Ta Mixed Oxides for Hydrogen Generation in Photocatalysis
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Fused FeCo catalysts for hydrogen production by means of the ammonia decomposition reaction
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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN THERMOCATALYTIC REACTOR BASED ON THE INTERMETALLIC PHASE OF NI3AL
PublicationThe main aim of the following paper is mathematical modelling for momentum, heat and mass transfer, which is accompanied by chemical surface reactions of the flow of the mixture helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of hydrocarbons incorporate vertical microchannels coupling at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls. The results of the experiment were compared with CFD calculations to calibrate...
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Fermentative Conversion of Two-Step Pre-Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen
PublicationFermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study,...
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Relativistic two-dimensional hydrogen-like atom in a weak magnetic field
PublicationA two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen-like atom with a relativistic Dirac electron, placed in a weak, static, uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic plane, is considered. Closed forms of the first- and second-order Zeeman corrections to energy levels are calculated analytically, within the framework of the Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, for an arbitrary electronic bound state. The second-order calculations are...
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Nickel-based catalysts for electrolytic decomposition of ammonia towards hydrogen production
PublicationNickel is an attractive metal for electrochemical applications because it is abundant, cheap, chemically resilient, and catalytically active towards many reactions. Nickel-based materials (metallic nickel, its alloys, oxides, hydroxides, and composites) have been also considered as promising electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation. The electrolysis of ammonia aqueous solution results in evolution of gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen....
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Effect of Microplastics Pollution on Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Comprehensive Review
PublicationHydrogen production from biomass and organic wastes is considered as a potential alternative energy source and is known as a clean and CO2-free fuel energy carrier. H2 is considered very promising among the other energy sources; therefore, the effective conversion of biomass and organic solid waste to this secondary energy source is urgently sought. As a result, it is of importance to assess the impact of the existence of microplastics...
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Hydrogen-enhanced stress corrosion cracking in low alloy steels in seawater
PublicationBadano podatność stali niskostopowych w wodzie morskiej w warunkach polaryzacji katodowej. Stwierdzono spadek czasu do zniszczenia, energii zniszczenia i przewężenia ze wzrostem potencjału katodowego. Wykazano znaczącą korelację między stopniem degradacji wodorowej a stężeniem wodoru dyfuzyjnego.
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Microstructural aspects of hydrogen degradation of the 26H2MF and 34HNM constructional alloy steels
PublicationPodatność na degradację wywołaną przez wodór, dwóch gatunków polskich stali konstrukcyjnych stopowych: 26H2MF i 34HNM, określano przy pomocy próby powolnego rozciągania. Mierzono następujące parametry: energię pękania, wydłużenie, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i przewężenie. Degradację stali obserwowano w 0,01M kwasie siarkowym przy gęstości prądu 20 mA/cm2 wraz z rodzajem przełomów. Poziom degradacji był zgodny z ilością wodoru...
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Ab initio molecular treatment for charge transfer by S3+ ion on hydrogen.
PublicationPoliczono adiabatyczne potencjały oddziaływania między jonem siarki i wodoru. Dokonano obliczeń nieadiabatycznych sprzężeń pomiędzy tymi potencjałami. Obliczenia wykazały, że należy wziąć pod uwagę niezbadany wcześniej poziom energetyczny jonu siarki aby dokładnie wyjaśnić mechanizm przechwytu ładunku.