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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: NIGHT-TIME ILLUMINATION
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Impact of night-time crop harvesting on bat activity in agricultural landscape
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Creating a more conscious built environment for day- and night-time setting through interdisciplinary collaboration
PublikacjaThe last decades have seen an increase in the speed, scale and scope of urbanisation, fundamentally shifting the character of the built environment and engendering a radical search for new and resilient design practices. Although we, as society, live in the age of technology, inventions and almost unlimited access to information, we rarely use these opportunities to our advantage to improve the quality of life. It seems that multidisciplinary...
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Journey towards light – evolutionary adaptations of humans, flora and fauna. Guidelines for safe and healthy illumination
PublikacjaThe paper examines using relatively recent discoveries on how evolution has embedded within all living organisms a natural sensitivity towards their native environment, in particular luminance levels and specific wavelengths of light. The studies conducted so far indicate that lighting installations that are visible after dark impact on humans, flora and fauna and influence our evolutionary dispositions, possibly with negative...
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Urban city lights. Light pollution as one of the effects of incorrectly designed external illumination. How can a successful lighting masterplan diminish its impact?
PublikacjaIn the modern world, artificial lighting brings many tangible benefits such as the ability to extend working hours and so increase production, recreational use of the city after dark, or the possibility to travel regardless of the time of day. However, this flexibility comes at a price and negatively impacts on the environment. One such negative phenomenon is Light Pollution ‐ a term used to describe excessive nighttime artificial...
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Light pollution from illuminated bridges as a potential barrier for migrating fish–Linking measurements with a proposal for a conceptual model
PublikacjaIlluminated bridges have become important assets to navigable aquatic systems. However, if artificial light at night (ALAN) from illuminated bridges reaches aquatic habitats, such as rivers, it can threaten the river's natural heterogeneity and alter the behavioural responses of migratory fish. Here, via a pilot study, we quantified levels of ALAN at illuminated bridges that cross a river and, propose a conceptual model to estimate...
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LIGHT POLLUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THREATS TO THE WILDLIFE CORRIDORS
PublikacjaAccess to remote sensing night-time imagery allows for modeling of light pollution Increasingly, data on the propagation of artificial light are a source of interesting information for different fields of science and affect the planning of economic development. The article presents the problem of light pollution in the context of threats to the wildlife corridors in Poland. Wildlife corridors are areas that allow safe migration...
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The value of less Light – Sustainable architectural lighting design
PublikacjaSince its beginning, the art of external illumination has substantially influ-enced the creation and the perception of architecture and the night-time urban environment. In her lecture, the author examines and defines the significant interdisciplinary conditions related to architectural lighting design that have evolved over the years, starting from the first simple exterior lighting projects to the more modern, complex concepts...
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Healthier and Environmentally Responsible Sustainable Cities and Communities. A New Design Framework and Planning Approach for Urban Illumination
PublikacjaAlthough sustainability and sustainable development are both considered necessary practices in various fields today, a recent analysis showed that the Sustainable Development Goal SDG11: Sustainable Cities and Communities established by the United Nations does not address urban illumination and its impact. This oversight is of concern because research carried out in the last 20+ years indicates artificial light at night (ALAN)...
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An overview of the cognitive and biological effects of city nighttime illumination including a London case study
PublikacjaCurrent scientific research demonstrates how critical the effects of city nighttime illumination are upon cognitive and biological health1 – which needs to be adequately acknowledged, understood and addressed by conscious cities and the plans they develop. Until recent decades, the design of nighttime lighting was determined mostly by electrical engineers who often applied technical standards to meet the requirements of vehicle-focused...
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Rethinking Sustainable Cities at Night: Paradigm Shifts in Urban Design and City Lighting
PublikacjaSince the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, various perspectives on sustainable cities have been developed and adopted in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future. However, background research has revealed that these goals and targets are limited because they do not take into account the growing body of lighting-related research in diverse fields...
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An Impact Analysis of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Bats. A Case Study of the Historic Monument and Natura 2000 Wisłoujście Fortress in Gdansk, Poland
PublikacjaThe artificial light at night (ALAN) present in many cities and towns has a negative impact on numerous organisms that live alongside humans, including bats. Therefore, we investigated if the artificial illumination of the historic Wisłoujście Fortress in Gdańsk, Poland (part of the Natura 2000 network), during nighttime events, which included an outdoor electronic dance music (EDM) festival, might be responsible for increased...
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Historic Urban Settings, LED Illumination and its Impact on Nighttime Perception, Visual Appearance, and Cultural Heritage Identity
PublikacjaMany cities, towns and villages around the world have adopted new Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) technology in order to save energy, operational and maintenance costs. While energy-efficient, these light sources have a critical effect on the appearance of historic sites at night and the technology has unique properties and numerous inherent drawbacks that present challenges to decision makers as well as inexperienced lighting...
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Urban lighting masterplan – origins, definitions, methodologies and collaborations
PublikacjaAwareness of the significance and benefits of properly designed urban lighting masterplans has been growing since the early 21 st century. There are many factors driving this notable change, such as developments in lighting technology, energy conservation, city branding design and economics, environmental impacts, human health and wellbeing, and people-oriented sociological aspects. As the profession of ‘independent urban lighting...
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Methodology for assessing the lighting of pedestrian crossings based on light intensity parameters
PublikacjaOne of the possible preventive measures that could improve safety at crossings is to assess the state of illumination of the lighting installation located in the transition area for pedestrians. The City of Warsaw has undertaken to comprehensively assess the pedestrian crossings to determine the level of road safety and the condition of lighting. The lighting conditions related to pedestrian crossings without traffic lights in...
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Assessment of Citizens’ Actions against Light Pollution with Guidelines for Future Initiatives
PublikacjaDue to the wide reach of media reports about scientific research and technological tools such as the world wide web (WWW), the Internet, and web browsers, citizens today have access to factual information about the negative impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on their dark skies, and their health and well-being. This means they can now make educated decisions and take the necessary steps to help protect themselves and their...
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A method of selecting light sources from night satellite scenes
PublikacjaSatellite images carries a lot of data. Very sophisticated methods of analyses may reveal very complicated nature of the observed objects. In case of night images, lights play the role of information sources. In this paper we would like to present results of the research aimed to describe light sources from satellite night images by providing description of their luminosity. The authors point source imaging data from the satellite...
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Effect of illumination on noise of silicon solar cells
PublikacjaTransport and noise properties of silicon solar cells in darkness and under illumination have been studied. The measurements were carried out for both reverse and forward bias of the device. The changes in the sample behaviour are due to the variation of PN junction dynamic resistance and, also, the occurence of both 1/f and generation-recombination noise components
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Photocatalytical degradation of toluene and cyclohexane using LED illumination
PublikacjaA sol-gel process followed by hydrothermal reaction was used to prepare coupled WO3-TiO2 photocatalysts with varying amounts of WO3 in respect to TiO2 (3 mol% and 5 mol% respectively). Additionally, photocatalysts have been subjected to different calcination temperatures of 400ºC and 800ºC, which allowed us to compare how these affect photodegradation efficiency. Photocatalysts were characterized under a scanning electron microscope,...
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Night in a big city. Light festivals as a creative medium used at night and their impact on the authority, significance and prestige of a city
PublikacjaCities in times of global urbanization, are looking for completely new marketing methods, one such tool is the creative use of artificial light after dark, in the form of light festivals. This paper aims to introduce the historical development of the phenomenon and contemporary as well as contemporary illuminations / projects of illuminations of Fete des Lumieres festival in Lyon, Luminale in Frankfurt or on a smaller scale Lights...
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Home Sweet Home. Connecting the dots for healthy evening residential illumination
PublikacjaDuring the twentieth century, lighting designers would commonly use incandescent light sources for residential homes as they provided a visual comfort, with high quality colour rendering properties, along with relaxing ambient atmosphere. Unfortunately, it’s now difficult to buy incandescent light sources because they have been banned in many countries (https://bit.ly/2GwN2Wv). This article addresses some of the challenges in regards...
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Nitrogen-Incorporated Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Nanowires for Microplasma Illumination
PublikacjaThe origin of nitrogen-incorporated boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NB-NCD) nanowires as a function of substrate temperature (Ts) in H2/CH4/B2H6/N2 reactant gases is systematically addressed. Because of Ts, there is a drastic modification in the dimensional structure and microstructure and hence in the several properties of the NB-NCD films. The NB-NCD films grown at low Ts (400 °C) contain faceted diamond grains. The morphology...
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Design and implementation of an illumination system to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level in a large‐scale lake enclosure facility
PublikacjaLight pollution is an environmental stressor of global extent that is growing exponentially in area and intensity. Artificial skyglow, a form of light pollution with large range, is hypothesized to have environmental impact at ecosystem level. However, testing the impact of skyglow at large scales and in a controlled fashion under in situ conditions has remained elusive so far. Here we present the first experimental setup to mimic...
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Efficiency limit of excitonic photovoltaic cells under phosphor-based white LED illumination
PublikacjaThe limit of energy conversion of excitonic photovoltaic cells working under white light illumination generated by phosphor-based LED is analysed using the modified Giebink approach. Particularly, the impact of the optical energy gap and energy loss associated with the excitons dissociation at the heterojunction interface on power conversion efficiency of the device are discussed. From the results of our study it follows that the...
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Normalization of face illumination using basic knowledge and information extracted from a single image
PublikacjaThis paper presents a method for face image normalization that can be applied to the extraction of illumination invariant facial features or used to remove bad lighting effects and produce high-quality, photorealistic results. Most of the existing approaches concentrate on separating the constant albedo from the variable light intensity; that concept, however, is based on the Lambertian model, which fails in the presence of specularities...
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LED Light Sources and Their Complex Set-Up for Visually and Biologically Effective Illumination for Ornamental Indoor Plants
PublikacjaOrnamental plants are often used in indoor environments as part of biophilic design to improve the health and wellbeing of occupants, and to support sustainable, green architecture. Unfortunately, many plants do not thrive and need to be continuously replaced, which is economically unsustainable. The wavelengths and spectrum ratio of commonly used light sources such as light emitting diode (LED), and the lack of an appropriate...
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Photovoltaic maximum power point varying with illumination and temperature
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych zmian położenia punktu maksymalnej mocy na charakterystyce prądowo-napięciowej modułu ogniw fotowoltaicznych, związanych ze zmieniającą się temperaturą i natężeniem padającego promieniowania. Badano czas narastania napięcia pracy i temperatury ogniw w początkowej fazie ekspozycji na promieniowanie słoneczne. Przedstawiono niektóre praktyczne aspekty zastosowania układu automatycznego...
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Designing digital displays and interactive media in today’s cities by night. Do we know enough about attracting attention to do so?
PublikacjaWith the huge transformation in the development of digital screen technology and its consistently decreasing cost, digital billboards are progressively replacing traditional static, two-dimensional poster advertisements in our cities1. Previously, due to the substantial expenditure involved, they were only available to major international brands with vast promotional resources to build their brand fame. Today, however, they are...
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Real-time simulation in non real-time environment
PublikacjaSimulation in real-time is a very useful tool because of didactical and practical benefits. Very important benefit of real-time simulation is a fact that operator’s decision can be taken into account in the same time scale as the real system would work. This enables construction of simulators, and opportunity to test control algorithms in Hardware in The Loop scheme using target industrial equipment. Professional real-time environments...
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Exploring the meaning of night shift placement in nursing education: A European multicentre qualitative study
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Parallel implementation of background subtraction algorithms for real-time video processing on a supercomputer platform
PublikacjaResults of evaluation of the background subtraction algorithms implemented on a supercomputer platform in a parallel manner are presented in the paper. The aim of the work is to chose an algorithm, a number of threads and a task scheduling method, that together provide satisfactory accuracy and efficiency of a real-time processing of high resolution camera images, maintaining the cost of resources usage at a reasonable level. Two...
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Swapping Space for Time: An Alternative to Time-Domain Interferometry
PublikacjaYoung's double-slit experiment [1] requires two waves produced simultaneously at two different points in space. In quantum mechanics the waves correspond to a single quantum object, even as complex as a big molecule. An interference is present as long as one cannot tell for sure which slit is chosen by the object. The more we know about the path, the worse the interference. In the paper we show that quantum mechanics allows for...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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A non-uniform real-time speech time-scale stretching method
PublikacjaAn algorithm for non-uniform real-time speech stretching is presented. It provides a combination of typical SOLA algorithm (Synchronous Overlap and Add ) with the vowels, consonants and silence detectors. Based on the information about the content and the estimated value of the rate of speech (ROS), the algorithm adapts the scaling factor value. The ability of real-time speech stretching and the resultant quality of voice were...
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Quantum entanglement in time
PublikacjaIn this paper we present a concept of quantum entanglement in time in a context of entangled consistent histories. These considerations are supported by presentation of necessary tools closely related to those acting on a space of spatial multipartite quantum states. We show that in similarity to monogamy of quantum entanglement in space, quantum entanglement in time is also endowed with this property for a particular history....
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Influence of one‐night CPAP therapy on the changes of HIF‐1α protein in OSA patients: A pilot study
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Experimental investigations of prototype od solar collector on the rig equipped with artificial source of illumination
PublikacjaW pracy opisano badania eksperymentalne prowadzone w Katedrze Techniki Cieplnej Politechniki Gdańskiej, dotyczące prototypowego cieczowego kolektora słonecznego, wykonanego z organicznego tworzywa sztucznego. Badania cieplne przeprowadzono metodą porównanwczą, przy czym kolektorem odniesienia był kolektor słoneczny Aparel produkowany na rynku krajowym. W artykule opisano też stanowisko badawcze zaprojektowane i zbudowane jako moblina...
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A FPTAS for minimizing total completion time in a single machine time-dependent scheduling problem
PublikacjaIn this paper a single machine time-dependent scheduling problem with total completion time criterion is considered. There are given n jobs J1,…,Jn and the processing time pi of the ith job is given by pi=a+bisi, where si is the starting time of the ith job (i=1,…,n),bi is its deterioration rate and a is the common base processing time. If all jobs have deterioration rates different and not smaller than a certain constant u>0,...
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Linear Time-Varying Dynamic-Algebraic Equations of Index One on Time Scales
PublikacjaIn this paper, we introduce a class of linear time-varying dynamic-algebraic equations (LTVDAE) of tractability index one on ar- bitrary time scales. We propose a procedure for the decoupling of the considered class LTVDAE. Explicit formulae are written down both for transfer operator and the obtained decoupled system. A projector ap- proach is used to prove the main statement of the paper and sufficient conditions of decoupling...
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Night shifts as a learning experience among nursing students across Europe: Findings from a cross-sectional survey
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KNOWING WHEN TO SAY NO / SAPERE QUANDO DIRE NO
PublikacjaEver since we began illuminating the exterior of the slender skyscrapers built during the of 20s and 30s in XX century, urban lighting has been considered a way to beautify cities, and make them more visually prominent and safe. At that time, we knew so little about the impact of lighting on humans, flora and fauna, so it never occurred to lighting designers then, that their actions would have harmful consequences. In those days,...
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Liquid residence time in vortex separators
PublikacjaCentrifugal force enhances gravitational separation of suspension (vortex separators), as well as allows regulation of liquid discharge (vortex flow controls). Furthermore, it elongates the effective residence time of liquid inside the chamber in comparison to non-circulative flow. Laboratorz measurements, described in the paper, indicate that average liquid residence time for circulative flow exceeds 50% of plug-flow time,...
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Asphalt concrete subjected to long-time loading at low temperatures – Deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle
PublikacjaThe article presents the observed deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle of asphalt concretes, tested in the bending beam creep test at low temperatures for a long time of loading. In almost all tested asphalt concretes, deviations appeared after 500 s of loading at the temperature of -10 C. Some types of bitumen presented deviations at other temperatures – usually the harder the grade of the bitumen, the...
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Asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA) method
PublikacjaA new method for a location service in the asynchronous wireless sensor networks is outlined. This method, which is called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables calculation of the position of a mobile node without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between measuring sensors. The ATDOA method is based on the measurement of time difference of arrival between the node and the same sensor at the discrete...
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Residence time distribution in rapid multiphase reactors
PublikacjaResidence time distribution (RTD) provides information about average hydraulic residence time and the distribution of material in the reactor. A method for determining RTD for reactors with very short hydraulic residence times is deconvolution based on extraction of real RTD by the analysis of a non-ideal input signal. The mean residence time and dispersion were determined for the spinning fluids reactor (SFR). For the first time...
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Real-time speech-rate modification experiments
PublikacjaAn algorithm designed for real-time speech time scale modification (stretching) is proposed, providing a combination of typical synchronous overlap and add based time scale modification algorithm and signal redundancy detection algorithms that allow to remove parts of the speech signal and replace them with the stretched speech signal fragments. Effectiveness of signal processing algorithms are examined experimentally together...
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Equations with Separated Variables on Time Scales
PublikacjaWe show that the well-known theory for classical ordinary differential equations with separated variables is not valid in case of equations on time scales. Namely, the uniqueness of solutions does not depend on the convergence of appropriate integrals.
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Nonreciprocal cavities and the time-bandwidth limit: comment
PublikacjaIn their paper in Optica 6, 104 (2019), Mann et al. claim that linear, time-invariant nonreciprocal structures cannot overcome the time-bandwidth limit and do not exhibit an advantage over their reciprocal counterparts, specifically with regard to their time-bandwidth performance. In this Comment, we argue that these conclusions are unfounded. On the basis of both rigorous full-wave simulations and insightful physical justifications,...
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Studying the governing factors on the photo(electro)catalytic activity of surface-modified photocatalysts under visible light illumination
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Does the low optical band gap of yellow Bi3YO6 guarantee the photocatalytical activity under visible light illumination?
PublikacjaBi3YO6, which is known as an ionic conductor, was tested here as an electrode and photoanode in contact with aqueous electrolytes. Bi3YO6 was deposited onto the Pt substrate and the such prepared electrode was polarized in various aqueous electrolytes. The optical energy band gap of the material equal to 1.89 eV was determined using the Kubelka-Munk function resulting from the UV-Vis spectrum (allowed indirect transition) and also...