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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: preplaced aggregate concrete
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Analysis of Transparent Concrete as an Innovative Material Used in Civil Engineering
PublikacjaSince the dawn of history concrete has been, right behind stone and brick, one of the oldest building materials. The ancient Romans took advantage of its opportunities. They constructed amazing architectural objects, which survived centuries as whole buildings or parts of them. Concrete is so ubiquitous, that when we are walking in a newer districts of cities we are virtually surrounded by concrete from everywhere. Sometimes...
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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING ABRAMS AND BOLOMEY METHODS
PublikacjaOne way to reduce the consumption of cement is to optimize its use. Many known methods of concrete design, based on the Abrams law and the Bolomey method. Therefore, the authors chose those methods for analysis. The concrete composition with the assumed strength class, calculated by any method differs significantly. This applies especially to the cement content, as its content in the composition of concrete varies from 20 to 50%....
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Static and dynamic concrete calculations: Breakable aggregates in DEM model
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the calculations of a 3-point bending beam under static and dynamic loads. The real microstructure was obtained from laboratory tests using micro-tomography images. The quasi-static results were compared directly with experimental data at both macro and micro levels. Subsequently, higher strain rates were applied to investigate dynamic effects. The study focused on the influence of dynamic loading on the macroscopic...
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Latest Achievements in Concrete Structures Three-Dimensional Printing
PublikacjaWe can hear about three-dimensional printed concrete structures for several years, up to date solutions in this technology allow entire printing settlements of tiny concrete houses. Due to technical limitations, these houses are still small and not very durable, but undoubtedly, this technology is developing. Home printed in three-dimensional technology can be an alternative to modular container buildings implemented in areas affected...
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Partially prestressed concrete beams with bonded and unbonded strands
PublikacjaThis article relate the tests of partially prestressed concrete beams. There is presented the research programme - geometry of elements, method of loading, the materials and variables. There have been shown preliminary test results of prestressed concrete elements with bonded and unbonded strands, and compared to the test results of R.C. beam.
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Determination of representative volume element in concrete under tensile deformation
PublikacjaW artykule podano sposoby określenia elementu reprezentatywnej objętości w betonie podczas rozciągania. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu izotropowego modelu degradacji sztywności rozszerzonego o długość charakterystyczną mikrostruktury w ramach teorii nielokalnej. Zaproponowano 2 różne metody wyznaczania elementu reprezentatywnej objętości niezależnego od warunków brzegowych.
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Model-Based Adaptive Machine Learning Approach in Concrete Mix Design
PublikacjaConcrete mix design is one of the most critical issues in concrete technology. This process aims to create a concrete mix which helps deliver concrete with desired features and quality. Contemporary requirements for concrete concern not only its structural properties, but also increasingly its production process and environmental friendliness, forcing concrete producers to use both chemically and technologically complex concrete...
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Monitoring of concrete curing in extradosed bridge supported by numerical simulation
PublikacjaThe paper describes a mathematical model of concrete curing taking into account kinetics of setting reactions. The numerical model is implemented in the author’s program that was used to monitor thermal effects recorded in the concrete bottom plate of the extradosed bridge. Numerical approach was verified by experimental measurements and used for assessment of the current compressive strength due to degree of hydration of fresh...
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Concrete-filled FRP tubular members in marine and bridge structures
PublikacjaConcrete core of the concrete-filled tubes (CFTs) with circular cross-section is in the case of an axial compression subjected to a spatial state of compressive stresses. This state leads to enhancement in the concrete strength. The enhancement is utilized in Eurocode 4 design procedures for CFSTs (i.e. CFTs with tube made of steel). The structural design of CFFTs (i.e. CFTs with tube made of Fibre Reinforced Polymer - FRP) is...
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Concrete Compressive Strength Under Changing Environmental Conditions During Placement Processes
PublikacjaThe technological process of concrete production consists of several parts, including concrete mix design, concrete mix production, transportation of fresh concrete mix to a construction site, placement in concrete framework, and curing. Proper execution of these steps provides good quality concrete. Some factors can disturb the technological process, mainly temperature and excessive precipitation. Changing daily temperature and...
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Comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses in asphalt concrete
PublikacjaThe paper presents the comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses induced in restrained asphalt concrete specimens by cooling. Thermal stresses were measured in the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses were performed with the use of a theoretical formula based on the temperature dependent stiffness modulus. The novel approach applied in this paper was that the stiffness modulus...
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A novel heterogeneous model of concrete for numerical modelling of ground penetrating radar
PublikacjaThe ground penetrating radar (GPR) method has increasingly been applied in the non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures. The most common approach to the modelling of radar waves is to consider concrete as a homogeneous material. This paper proposes a novel, heterogeneous, numerical model of concrete for exhaustive interpretation of GPR data. An algorithm for determining the substitute values of the material constants...
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The effect of macro polymer fibres length and content on the fibre reinforced concrete
PublikacjaThe paper presents studies of a ready-mix concrete containing polymer fibres of three different lengths: 24, 38 and 54 mm. The performed tests allowed to determine the effect of fibre volume fraction and length on the concrete strength. The basic parameters of concrete mixture (consistency, air content and bulk density) were identified. Fibre reinforced concrete belongs to a group of composite materials. The polymer fibres are...
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Numerical FDM modelling of wave propagation in concrete structure
PublikacjaThe article presents application of finite difference method to damage detection and its size evaluation in concrete structure by elastic wave propagation method. The simulations of wave propagation in concrete structure were performed for six different damage scenarios. Damages were modelled as areas with changed material properties. Investigation focused on the influence of damage size on the energy of wave reflection. Presented...
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Experimental investigations on concrete beams reinforced with CFRP lamellas
PublikacjaPaper presents experimental investigation made on two concrete beams reinforced with internal Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) lamellas (i.e. strips, bands). The reinforcement geometrical arrangement was similar as in normal concrete beams reinforced with steel bars and stirrups. The beams were destroyed by the shear forces, as intended. Obtained load-carrying capacities were lower as expected: below 40% of a calculated value....
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Maturity curve for estimating the in-place strength of high performance concrete
PublikacjaThe paper presents the maturity curve for estimating the in-place early-age compressive strength of concrete. The development of appropriate maturity curve is a complex process. It is important to correctly determine the datum temperature and activation energy, which can be obtained in mortar tests. This paper describes an investigation of the accuracy of the maturity method to estimate the strength when different way to rate constant...
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The Application of Fibres from Recycled Postconsumer Tyres for Concrete Reinforcement
PublikacjaPoland as a Member State is obliged to implement the EU specific environmental legislation focused on the reduction, transport and treatment of waste. The Landfill Directive prohibited the landfilling of whole tyres and their by-products. Although the EU Directive of Waste limits the use of tyres as secondary fuel, Poland is still the EU leader in burning tyres in cement kilns. Post-consumer tyres are utilised in a number of...
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Application of guided waves in the evaluation of steel-concrete adhesive connection
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is the application of guided waves in the evaluation of a condition state of adhesive connection between steel and concrete. The study concerns a push-out specimen consisting of two steel plates glued to opposite faces of a concrete cube with the use of structural adhesive. Wave propagation in the specimen without external load is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The second stage of the investigation...
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Experimental study on ultrasonic monitoring of splitting failure in reinforced concrete
PublikacjaThis paper investigates inspection of reinforced concrete elements sensitive to the splitting failure. The behaviour of a reinforced concrete specimen subjected to a tensile stress is considered. The damage detection procedure is based on the ultrasonic wave propagation technique. The piezoelectric transducers are located on both ends of the specimen and the measurements are taken periodically during the incrementally increased...
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Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review
PublikacjaCoating materials are considered one of the most antique materials of human civilization; they have been used for decoration and the protection of surfaces for millennia. Concrete structures—due to their permanent exposure to different types of environments and contaminants—require the use of coatings that contribute to its preservation by reducing the corrosion of its components (steel and aggregates). This article intends to...
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Aggregate formation of imidazolium ionic liquids in aqueous solution
PublikacjaCiecze jonowe (ILs) stanowią nową klasę związków o szerokich możliwościach przemysłowego zastosowania. Z przeglądu dostępnej literatury wynika, że niektóre ciecze jonowe tworzą agregaty w roztworach wodnych. Zrozumienie oddziaływań międzycząsteczkowych cieczy jonowych w środowisku wodnym jest niezbędne dla prawidłowego projektowania, przewidywania i kontroli ich właściwości jako współ-rozpuszczalników, a w konsekwencji procesów...
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The Effect of Aggregate Shape on the Properties of Concretes with Silica Fume
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Trade competitiveness and the aggregate returns in global stock markets
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Influence of Actual Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Concrete in Bridge Superstructures
PublikacjaThis article presents the research on the mechanical characteristics of concrete in the construction of three concrete bridges. A system of recording the internal temperature of concrete and automatic control of laboratory ovens was used for specimen curing. This allowed the specimens to be cured under conditions similar to those occurring in the structure. Before the construction, reference blocks were used to define similar curing...
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The Effect of Water and Frost on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete
PublikacjaThis paper presents testing of fatigue life of asphalt concrete that has been subjected to action of water and frost. Simulation of water and frost action was based on the original AASHTO T283 method and its modification. The original method was modified in such a way that instead of a single freeze-thaw cycle, 50 and 150 cycles were applied. Fatigue life was measured in the indirect tensile fatigue test in the Nottingham asphalt...
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Influence of grout proportions on modulus of elascity of two-stage concrete
PublikacjaOmówiono badania doświadczalne przeprowadzone dla betonu dwuetapowego. Beton wykonano z kruszywa otoczakowego przy zastosowaniu trzech różnych proporcji w/c i c/p. Na drodze statystycznej opracowano prosty wzór umożliwiający wstępne szacowanie wartości siecznego modułu Younga. Ponieważ metoda dwuetapowa pozwala na zachowanie kontaktu pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami kamiennego szkieletu wypełniającego formę, wytrzymałość uzyskanego...
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Debonding Detection in Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Use of Guided Wave Propagation
PublikacjaOne of the most frequent damage of the reinforced concrete structures is debonding between steel bar and concrete cover. In the case of debonding occurrence not only the strength of the structure decreases, but also it is more vulnerable to corrosion damages. For this reason fast and effective methods of debonding detection in an early stage of its development need a significant boost. The paper presents analytical and experimental...
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Internal imaging of concrete fracture based on elastic waves and ultrasound computed tomography
PublikacjaThe condition assessment of concrete structures belongs to the greatest challenges of non-destructive testing. Monitoring the fracture process of concrete and detecting cracks at the earliest possible stage is a vital aspect to ensure the safety of civil engineering objects. The use of ultrasound tomography enables imaging the internal structure of a tested element. This study aims at the visualization of fracture damage in concrete...
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SIGNIFICANT GUIDELINE FOR THE DAMAGE INDICES APPLIED TO REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
PublikacjaIn this paper, based on a deep overview and literature study, the different formulas proposed for damage indices (DIs) applied to reinforced concrete structures under monotonic or cyclic loading are classified and presented. The DIs are applied to quantify the damages to structures, ranging from zero to one. Normally, they are applied to make a decision for repairing or demolition of the structures in the post-earthquake phases. Keywords:...
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Study the impact of design method preference on the usefulness of concrete and on CO2 emissions
PublikacjaPurpose – The research investigates the impact of concrete design methods on performance, emphasizing environmental sustainability. The study compares the modified Bolomey method and Abrams’ law in designing concretes. Significant differences in cement consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions are revealed. The research advocates for a comprehensive life cycle assessment, considering factors like compressive strength, carbonation...
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Experimental tests of reinforced concrete deep-beams
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of experimental research of the reinforced concrete deep beam with a spatial arrangement. Tested structural elements consist of the cantilever deep beam loaded on the height and transverse deep beam with hanging on it another one. The analysis includes crack morphology, effort of steel and load distribution. The article verified effectiveness of two different kind of reinforcement in both tested deep...
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Experimental and numerical investigations for GPR evaluation of reinforced concrete footbridge
PublikacjaThe GPR method has increasingly found application in non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures. This paper presents the new approach of modelling of the electromagnetic wave propagation for reinforced concrete structures with a complex system of the reinforcement. Simulations of the GPR field were performed on a three-dimensional model of a footbridge using the FDTD method. Numerical maps were compared with results...
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Causes of damage and methods of repairing floor made on polystyrene concrete
PublikacjaThe paper describes damages, tests and repair of the floor made on existing ceiling and expanded polystyrene concrete underlay. The floor was built on a reinforced concrete ceiling with an area of about 1050 m2. Significant damage in the form of cracks, detachments and unevenness was found in the floor. In order to determine the causes of damage, in situ tests and laboratory tests were carried out. It was found that the damage...
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Numerical investigations on early indicators of fracture in concrete at meso-scale.
PublikacjaFracture is a major reason of the global failure of concretes. The understanding of fracture is important to ensure the safety of structures and to optimize the material behaviour. In particular an early prediction possibility of fracture in concretes is of major importance. In this paper, concrete fracture under bending was numerically analysed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The real mesoscopic structure of a concrete...
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Modes of Failure Analysis in Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Laser Scanning and Synchro-Photogrammetry - How to apply optical technologies in the diagnosis of reinforced concrete elements?
PublikacjaThe following paper reveal the limitations and possibilities of terrestrial laser scanning technology adaptation in diagnostics of reinforced concrete beams. In this paper, authors present potential spectrum of TLS use in modes of failure analysis of R-C beams and determines under which conditions the laser technologies might be applied. Research was carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Structural Engineering at Gdansk University...
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Ultrasonic diagnostics of concrete T-beams used in bridge structures
PublikacjaThis paper describes a method of ultrasonic diagnostics used for prefabricated concrete elements. The studies are focused on the applicability of nondestructive techniques based on impulse and wave packet induced elastic waves for the condition assessment of T-shaped bridge beams. Experimental tests were performed for the prestressed beam used for the superstructure of the viaduct on A1 highway near Toruń. In addition numerical...
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Guided Wave Propagation in Detection of Partial Circumferential Debonding in Concrete Structures
PublikacjaThe following article presents results of investigating the damage detection in reinforced concrete beams with artificially introduced debonding between the rod and cover, using a non-destructive method based on elastic waves propagation. The primary aim of the research was to analyze the possible use of guided waves in partial circumferential debonding detection. Guided waves were excited and registered in reinforced concrete...
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Static load test on concrete pile – instrumentation and results interpretation
PublikacjaFor some time (since 8-10 years in Poland) a special static load tests on instrumented piles are carried out. Such studies are usually of a scientific nature and provide detailed quantitative data on the load transfer into the ground and characteristics of particular soil layers interaction with a pile shaft and pile base. Deep knowledge about the pile-subsoil interaction can be applied for a various design purposes, e.g. numerical...
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A Proposed Soft Computing Model for Ultimate Strength Estimation of FRP-Confined Concrete Cylinders
PublikacjaIn this paper, the feed-forward backpropagation neural network (FFBPNN) is used to propose a new formulation for predicting the compressive strength of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete cylinders. A set of experimental data has been considered in the analysis. The data include information about the dimensions of the concrete cylinders (diameter, length) and the total thickness of FRP layers, unconfined ultimate concrete...
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GPR simulations for diagnostics of a reinforced concrete beam
PublikacjaThe most popular technique for modelling of an electromagnetic field, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, has recently become a popular technique as an interpretation tool for ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. The aim of this study is to detect the size and the position of damage in a reinforced concrete beam using GPR maps. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite differ-ence time domain...
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Guided wave propagation for assessment of adhesive bonding between steel and concrete
PublikacjaAdhesive bonding is becoming more increasingly important in joining of structural elements. In civil engineering, there is a growing interest in connection by adhesive bonding in steel-concrete flexural members. This study concerns the guided wave propagation technique applied to condition assessment of an adhesive connection between a steel member and a concrete beam. Various states of degradation were considered by producing...
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A novel formulation of 3D spectral element for wave propagation in reinforced concrete
PublikacjaThe paper deals with numerical simulations of wave propagation in reinforced concrete for damage detection purposes. A novel formulation of a 3D spectral element was proposed. The reinforcement modelled as the truss spectral element was embedded in the 3D solid spectral finite element. Numerical simulations have been conducted on cuboid concrete specimens reinforced with two steel bars. Different degradation models were considered...
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Tests of bond between concrete and steel bars – literature background and program of own research
PublikacjaThis article deals with the issue of the bond between concrete and reinforcement. The bond is crucial for reinforced concrete elements because it is possible to transfer forces (stresses) from concrete to the reinforcement. Basic information related to the cooperation of concrete and rebars was recalled in the article. Selected issues concerning theoretical and numerical analysis as well as experiments of the bond phenomenon were...
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Initial Field Validation of Poroelastic Pavement Made with Crumb Rubber, Mineral Aggregate and Highly Polymer-Modified Bitumen
PublikacjaTire/road noise in most driving conditions dominates other sources of traffic noise. One of the most efficient ways of reducing tire/road noise is to use the so-called “low noise pavement”. According to numerous studies, at present, poroelastic road pavement that is composed of rubber and mineral aggregate and polyurethane or bituminous binder gives the best noise reduction up to 12 dB. Unfortunately, there are many problems with...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublikacjaContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublikacjaContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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Production of self-compacting concrete using limestone powder
PublikacjaAlthough there are visible signs of its gradual acceptance in North Africa through its limited use in construction, Libya has yet to explore the feasibility and applicability of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in new construction. The current study revolves around SCC made of locally available materials and the harsh environmental conditions. This paper deals with the investigation into the effect of the water to powder ratio and...
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Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of 95-Year-Old Concrete Built-In Arch Bridge
PublikacjaThis research aimed to determine the durability and strength of an old concrete built-in arch bridge based on selected mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the concrete. The bridge was erected in 1925 and is located in Jagodnik (northern Poland). Cylindrical specimens were taken from the side ribs connected to the top plate using a concrete core borehole diamond drill machine. The properties of the old concrete were...
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The method of analysis of damage reinforced concrete beams using terrestial laser scanning
PublikacjaThe authors present an analysis of the possibility to assess deformations and mechanisms of destructing bent reinforced concrete beams using the terrestrial laser scanning. As part of the experiments carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Construction of the Concrete Structures Division of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty at Gdansk University of Technology, the reinforced concrete beams were subjected to destruction...
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Computational Complexity and Its Influence on Predictive Capabilities of Machine Learning Models for Concrete Mix Design
PublikacjaThe design of concrete mixtures is crucial in concrete technology, aiming to produce concrete that meets specific quality and performance criteria. Modern standards require not only strength but also eco-friendliness and production efficiency. Based on the Three Equation Method, conventional mix design methods involve analytical and laboratory procedures but are insufficient for contemporary concrete technology, leading to overengineering...