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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: UNDERWATER WELDING, WET WELDING, HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEEL, COLD CRACKING, CTS TEST
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Cold Cracking Of Underwater Wet Welded S355G10+N High Strength Steel
PublikacjaWater as the welding environment determines some essential problems influencing steel weldability. Underwater welding of high strength steel joints causes increase susceptibility to cold cracking, which is an effect of much faster heat transfer from the weld area and presence of diffusible hydrogen causing increased metal fragility. The paper evaluates the susceptibility to cold cracking of the high strength S355G10+N steel used,...
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Underwater wet welding of S1300 ultra-high strength steel
PublikacjaMarine Structures Volume 81, January 2022, 103120 Underwater wet welding of S1300 ultra-high strength steel Author links open overlay panelJacekTomkówGrzegorzRogalski https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2021.103120 Get rights and content Under a Creative Commons licenseopen access Highlights • Technological method of S1300 steel underwater weldability improving was proposed. • Number of cracks and hardness of welded joints was...
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Mechanical and structural behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel pad welded by underwater wet welding conditions
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper was to determine the metallurgical and mechanical behaviors of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel pad-welded specimen used in the structures of industrial and naval parts. Then to predict the metallurgical consequences (nature of the phases present) and the mechanical properties (hardness and impact strength) of the pad-welded steel obtained by underwater wet welding with different heat input values. The...
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THE EFFECT OF WET UNDERWATER WELDING ON COLD CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
PublikacjaABSTRACT The present work was conducted to assess the weldability of duplex stainless steel in underwater conditions. Metal manual arc welding (MMA) with the use of coated electrodes was used in the investigations. Tekken weldability tests were performed underwater at 0.5 m depth and in the air. Nondestructive tests, metallographic examinations of welds, ferrite content assessment in microstructure and hardness test were performed....
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The abrasive wear resistance of coatings manufactured on high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) offshore steel in wet welding conditions
PublikacjaSome marine and offshore structure elements exploited in the water cannot be brought to the surface of the water as this will generate high costs, and for this reason, they require in-situ repairs. One of the repair techniques used in underwater pad welding conditions is a wet welding method. This paper presents an investigation of the abrasive wear resistance of coatings made in wet welding conditions with the use of two grades...
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Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel
PublikacjaThe participation of high strength steels in marine and offshore structures is increasing, which makes it necessary to develop recommendations for underwater repair welding works. The article presents the results of bead-on-plate welded specimens made of S700MC high strength steel in underwater wet welding conditions by covered elec- trodes. Three specimens with heat input values in the range 0.91-1.05 kJ/mm were made. The specimens...
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Underwater Wet Repair Welding of API 5L X65M Pipeline Steel
PublikacjaThis paper presents results of the research of effect of polymer insulation of pipeline made of API 5L X65M steel as well as underwater wet welding parameters on properties of joints made by covered electrodes. Effect of heat input on structure and hardness of joints during repair of underwater pipeline was analyzed. Welding defects like microcracks, micro-lacks of fusion, slag inclusions, as well as HAZ hardness increase over...
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The influence of welding heat input on the quality and properties of high strength low-alloy dissimilar steel butt joints
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of non-destructive and destructive tests of dissimilar highstrength low-alloy S460ML and S460N steel butt joints. These steels are characterized by similar mechanical properties, but their carbon equivalent CeIIW values are much different. The joints were made using different values of heat input for each welding bead. They were tested by non-destructive methods: visual, penetrant, radiographic and...
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Effect of welding conditions on susceptibility to cold cracking of underwater welded joints
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wybrane aspekty spawalności stali przy spawaniu pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na skłonność do tworzenia peknięć zimnych w SWC. Przy pomocy planowania doświadczeń określono ilościowy wpływ parametrów spawania na naprężenia krytyczne z próby implant.
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Temper bead welding of S460N steel in wet welding conditions
PublikacjaWet welding is the most common method of welding in water environment. It is most often used for repairing of underwater parts of offshore structures. However, the water as a welding environment causes an increase of susceptibility of steels to cold cracking. For underwater constructions high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel are widely used. In wet welding condition a HSLA steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking....
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Weldability of high strength steels in wet welding conditions
PublikacjaIn this paper are characterized problems of high strength steel weldability in underwater wet welding conditions. Water as a welding environment intensifies action of unfavourable factors which influence susceptibility to cold cracking of welded steel joints. The susceptibility to cold cracking of S355J2G3 steel and S500M steel in wet conditions was experimentally estimated (by using Tekken test). It was concluded that the steels...
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Weldability of S460ML High Strength Low Alloy Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental evaluation of susceptibility of the high strength S460ML steel to cold cracking in the conditions of wet welding with the use of covered electrodes. From the results of Tekken tests it was found out that the investigated steel was characterised, in the conditions of the carried out experiments (underwater wet welding and air welding with rutile electrodes), of high susceptibility to cold cracking....
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Dissimilar underwater wet welding of HSLA steels
PublikacjaThe high-strength low-alloy S460ML and S460N steels were chosen for underwater wet welding of dissimilar T-joints using covered electrodes. For improving the quality of joints, the temper bead welding (TBW) method was used. The application of TBW in pad welding conditions has been investigated earlier but the possibility of usage of this technique in welded joints was not analyzed. The main aim of the study was to check the influence...
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Weldability of high strength steel in underwater environment
PublikacjaThe article describes the problems with weldability of high-strength steels in the aquatic environment. The tendency of steel S355J2G3 and S500M to form cold cracks when welded in wet welding conditions has been experimentally evaluated. It was found that the tested steels have a high propensity to cracking. An experiment has been proposed and tested to evaluate the usefulness of the tempering bead technique as a method of improving...
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Weldability of Underwater Wet-Welded HSLA Steel: Effects of Electrode Hydrophobic Coatings
PublikacjaThe paper presents the effects of waterproof coatings use to cover electrodes on the weldability of high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel in water. With the aim of improving the weldability of S460N HSLA steel in water, modifications of welding filler material were chosen. The surfaces of electrodes were covered by different hydrophobic substances. The aim of the controlled thermal severity (CTS) test was to check the influence...
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Advantages of the Application of the Temper Bead Welding Technique During Wet Welding
PublikacjaThermo-mechanically rolled S460ML steel was chosen for welding in underwater wet welding conditions by covered electrodes. The main aim of this study was to check the weldability for fillet welds in a water environment by controlled thermal severity (CTS) tests and to check the influence of temper bead welding (TBW) on the weldability of the investigated steel. Non-destructive and destructive tests showed that S460ML steel has...
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The influence of the welding environment on the properties of Tekken joints made from S355J2C+N steel
PublikacjaThere are three main methods of underwater welding: dry, wet and intermediate between them, by using the local dry chamber. Due to low costs, the most common method is the wet welding with the use of covered electrodes. Water as a welding environment carries out a lot of problems. The first is limited visibility and instability of the welding arc. The biggest problem during underwater welding is high susceptibility to cold cracking,...
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Badania spawalności stali S460N w środowisku wodnym z wykorzystaniem próby Tekken
PublikacjaSpawanie w środowisku wodnym niesie ze sobą wiele problemów, wśród których najważniejszym jest skłonność stali do powstawania pęknięć zimnych. O ile w przypadku spawania na powietrzu istnieje wiele metod zapobiegania tym pęknięciom, o tyle pod wodą zastosowanie tych metod jest ograniczone. Z tego powodu konieczne jest określenie skłonności danego materiału do pękania zimnego. W pracy oceniono spawalność drobnoziarnistej...
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Improvement of S355G10+N steel weldability in water environment by Temper Bead Welding
PublikacjaThe normalized S355G10 + N steel was chosen for testing, it is used in a variety of applications including the building of offshore structures, which may require repairs in water environment. The main aim of the work was to check susceptibility to cold cracking for fillet welds – Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) tests and butt welds – Tekken tests and in the next step evaluation of effectiveness of Temper Bead Welding (TBW) application...
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Role of bead sequence in underwater welding
PublikacjaThis paper presents examinations of the role of the bead sequence in underwater welding. Two specimens of wet welded layers made by covered electrodes with the use of normalized S355G10+N steel were welded by a reasonable bead sequence. For each specimen, metallographic macro- and micro-scopic tests were done. Then, Vickers HV10 hardness measurements were conducted for each pad weld in the welded layer. The results show that welding...
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APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF THE S960 STEEL IN UNDERWATER WELDED STRUCTURES
PublikacjaIn this paper, the application possibilities of the ultra-high strength (UHSS). Domex 960 steel in the underwater welded structures are analyzed. In the research, the investigated material has been tested in bead-on-plate wet welding conditions with the usage of different heat input values, namely 0.63 kJ/mm, 0.72 kJ/mm and 0.93 kJ/mm. Specimens were performed by the manual metal arc (MMA) welding method with the usage of rutile...
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Underwater in situ local heat treatment by additional stitches for improving the weldability of steel
PublikacjaIn this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an eect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken...
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Spawalność ferrytyczno-austenitycznej stali odpornej na korozję typu dupleks 2205 w warunkach podwodnych
PublikacjaPraca dotyczy problemów spawalności stali odpornej na korozję typu dupleks w warunkach spawania mokrego elektrodami otulonymi i lokalną komorą suchą. Całość rozprawy składa się z dwóch części. Część pierwsza to przegląd literatury, w którym omówiono główne problemy wynikające z przeniesienia procesu spawania pod wodę oraz sposoby minimalizowania negatywnego wpływu środowiska. Część druga jest częścią doświadczalną, zawiera tezę...
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Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of TIG Welded Dissimilar Joints between 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel and Incoloy 800HT Nickel Alloy
PublikacjaIn this article, the mechanical properties and microstructure of 304L austenitic stainless steel/Incoloy 800HT nickel alloy dissimilar welded joints are investigated. The joints were made of 21.3 mm × 7.47 mm tubes using the TIG process with the use of S Ni 6082 nickel filler metal. No welding imperfections were found and high strength properties of joints were obtained, meeting the assumed acceptance criteria of the product’s...
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"Raport z wstępnych badań własności stali trudnościeralnej 460HB",. ang "Report on preliminary tests of the properties of wear-resistant steel 460HB"
PublikacjaMikrostrukturę badanej stali trudnościeralnej 460HB stanowi drobnoziarnisty martenzyt odpuszczony, który jest właściwy dla stali konstrukcyjnych niskowęglowych, niskostopowych ulepszonych cieplnie. W przypadku blach grubych, do których zalicza się badana stal, struktura może ulec zaburzeniu, jeżeli w hutniczym procesie wytwórczym wystąpiła niejednorodność odkształcenia plastycznego i w konsekwencji tworzenie się pasm segregacyjnych,...
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Underwater Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel
PublikacjaThe present work was conducted to assess the weldability of duplex stainless steel at underwater conditions. Interest of underwater welding of this steel grade is connected with necessity of preparing welding repair technologies for subsea pipelines widely used in offshore oil and gas industry. The GMA local cavity welding method was used in the investigations. Welded beads were performed underwater at 0.5 m depth and in the air....
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Underwater Local Cavity Welding of S460N Steel
PublikacjaIn this paper, a comparison of the mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy S460Nsteel welded joints is presented. The welded joints were made by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW)process in the air environment and water, by the local cavity welding method. Welded joints were testedfollowing the EN ISO 15614-1:2017 standard. After welding, the non-destructive—visual, penetrant,radiographic, and ultrasonic (phased array) tests...
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COLD CRACKING OF S460N STEEL WELDED IN WATER ENVIRONMENT
PublikacjaThis paper shows results of weldability testing of fine-grained high -strength low- alloy S460N steel welded in water environment by covered electrodes. The tests were carried out by using the CTS test specimens with fillet welds. Four specimens were welded under water and one specimen in air. Welded joints were subjected to non-destructive visual and penetration tests. The accepted joints were then subjected to macroscopic and...
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Effect of shielded electrode wet welding conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublikacjaWet welding is the most popular method of joining in water enviroment. During underwater welding, the weldability of steel is limited by the higher cooling rates and hydrogen content in weld metal. Article presents results of preliminary tests on the effects of wet welding conditions on diffusible hydrogen amount. Seven parameters were optimized using a Plackett-Burman plan to get the most relevant variables. These parameters were:...
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Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Underwater Friction Stir Welding of Low Carbon Steel
PublikacjaThis article investigates the flow of materials and weld formation during underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) of low carbon steel. A thermo-mechanical model is used to understand the relation between frictional heat phenomena during the welding and weld properties. To better understand the effects of the water environment, the simulation and experimental results were compared with the sample prepared by the traditional friction...
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Effect of underwater wet welding conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublikacjaIn the study mercury displacement method was used for determination of diffusible hydrogen amount in deposited metal obtained during underwater wet welding with covered electrodes in laboratory conditions according to a two-level full factorial design for three factors. The factors and their levels were chosen among conditions and parameters of welding in accordance with the results of own preliminary studies. A statistical analysis...
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Temper bead welding of S420G2+M steel in water environment
PublikacjaThe article presents the idea of the use of Temper Bead Welding (TBW) technique to improve the weldability of high strength steel at underwater wet welding conditions. Wet welding method with the use of covered electrodes is described. This work shows results of metallographic examinations and hardness measurements of samples of S420G2+M steel with weld beads performed under water. It has been shown that Temper Bead Welding technique...
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Storage of High-Strength Steel Flux-Cored Welding Wires in Urbanized Areas
PublikacjaThe condition of the consumables is a key factor determining the waste reduction in the welding processes and the quality of the welded joint. The paper presents the results of tests of four types of fux-cored wires dedicated for welding high-strength steels, stored for 1 month and 6 months in Poland in two urbanized areas: in a large seaside city (Gdańsk) and in Warsaw, located in the center of the country. The wires were subjected...
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Laser Welding of UNS S33207 Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel to 6061 Aluminum Alloy Using High Entropy Alloy as a Filler Material
PublikacjaThe high entropy alloy (HEA) filler used during the fabrication method determines the reliability of HEAs for steel-aluminum dissimilar alloy configuration. HEAs have a direct impact on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed by the interaction of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and influence the size of the joint’s interaction zone. A novel welding process for Fe-Al alloy joints was developed to prevent the development...
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Diffusible hydrogen management in underwater wet self-shielded flux cored arc welding
PublikacjaThis article reports the effect of underwater wet welding parameters and conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal for welding with a self-shielded flux cored wire. The diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined using the glycerin method according to the Plackett-Burman design determining the significance of the effect of the stick out length, welding current, arc voltage, travel speed...
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The influence of the carbon equivalent on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy steel in the water environment
PublikacjaFrom many years, the high strength low alloy steels are often used for offshore constructions. This constructions, due to the environment in which they work, require more frequent repairs than the constructions from the land. For economic reasons, repairs take place in the underwater conditions, however water significantly decreases the weldability of steel. The paper presents the results of the CTS weldability test for S460ML...
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Effect of underwater local cavity welding method conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublikacjaOne of the methods with great potential for applications in underwater repairs is local cavity welding. In local cavity method, cooling conditions and diffusible hydrogen amount in weld metal are nearly the same as those existed during welding in the air. This paper presents the results of literature survey and preliminary tests of the effect of local cavity welding conditions on diffusible hydrogen amount in a deposited metal....
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Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW
PublikacjaWet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding – SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected...
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Review of titanium and steel welding methods
PublikacjaThe paper presents review of methods of titanium and steel welding. On basis of professional literature it was stated that titanium can be joined with steel by means of explosive welding or brazing.Joining titanium with steel by TIG welding and friction welding methods is possible with the use of copper and tantalum or vanadium interlayer.
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Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel
PublikacjaKnowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels...
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Bead-on-plate welding on S235JR steel by underwater local dry chamber process
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of the effect of parameters of underwater local dry chamber welding on the properties of padding welds. The effect of heat input and the type of shielding gas on the structure and hardness of welds was established. the functions for estimating the maximum hardness of the heat affected zone have been also elaborated.
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An experimental study of high-hydrogen welding processes
PublikacjaThis paper presents investigation results of determination of the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal obtained by means of two most often used methods-the glycerin method and the mercury method. Relation has been defined between results of those methods in the area characteristic of low-hydrogen as well as high-hydrogen welding processes. Relations available in the literature do not include the diffusible hydrogen content...
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Induction Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5052 Aluminium Alloy and X12Cr13 Stainless Steel
PublikacjaThis research aimed to study the induction in-situ heated hybrid friction stir welding (IAFSW) method to join AA5052 aluminium alloy with X12Cr13 stainless steel (SS) to enhance joint strength. The potency of this method on the mechanical properties and microstructural characterizations were also investigated. The results show that the transverse tensile strength gained was 94% of the AA5052 base metal that is 229.5 MPa. This superior...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublikacjaWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Influence of Parameters of Laser Beam Welding on Structure of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
PublikacjaLaser welding is used in modern industry, having many advantages comparing to traditional welding technologies. Nowadays, industry sectors such as shipbuilding, automotive and aviation can’t be imagined without laser processing technologies. Possibility of increase of welded joint properties, autogenous welding and high level of process automation makes the technology of laser welding perspective part of the industry. Physical...
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Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel Friction Stir Welding Methods
PublikacjaThe present study investigates the effect of two parameters of process type and tool offset on tensile, microhardness, and microstructure properties of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints. Three methods of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Advancing Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (AP-FSW), and Retreating Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (RP-FSW) were used. In addition, four modes of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm of tool offset were used in two welding...
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Underwater welding - a review
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono stan obecny oraz perspektywy rozwoju technik spawania pod wodą. Przeanalizowano najważniejsze problemy spawania w środowisku wodnym. Przedstawiono najważniejsze kierunki badań spawania podwodnego podejmowane w Katedrze Technologii Materiałów Maszynowych i Spawalnictwa Politechniki Gdańskiej
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Diffusible Hydrogen Control in Flux Cored Arc Welding Process
PublikacjaOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper an experimental...
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Effect of electrode waterproof coating on quality of underwater wet welded joints
PublikacjaIn this paper, the effects of different hydrophobic coatings on the surface of covered electrodes on the quality of wet welded carbon steel joints were discussed. Commonly available hydrophobic substances used in industrial applications were selected for the research. The aim of using waterproof coatings was to check the possibility to decreasing the susceptibility of highstrength low-alloy S460N steel to cold cracking. During...
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Impact of laser beam welding on mechanical behaviour of 2.25Cr–1Mo (P22) steel
PublikacjaThe use of welding processes in the manufacturing and repair of structures intended for the energy industry plays a key role in the guarantee of a continuous supply of fossil fuels, which is the basic condition for ensuring energy security. A square butt joint of 10 mm thick plate of 2.25Cr–1Mo (P22) steel was fabricated by autogenous laser beam welding process and then post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) for two sets of process parameters...