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A model of liquid film breakdown formed due to impingement of a two-phase jet on a horizontal surface
PublikacjaThe present work aims to provide an explanation to the phenomenon of breakdown of the thin liquid film created by impinging two-phase, liquid-gas jet. Existing in the literature models describe merely thebreakdown of single phase liquid films. The model presented here is based on examination of mass and energy equations under the applied criterion of the minimum of total energy. That allows to determinethe minimum thickness of...
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Minichannel and minigap classification criteria based on the aspect ratio of the minigeometry: A numerical study
PublikacjaA detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the diabatic flow distribution and velocity profile in 18 minigeometries with various aspect ratios for V-type and I-type flow configurations (for 36 cases) assuming ethanol as a working fluid. The aim of the study is to distinguish the value of the aspect ratio for which the flow in minigeometry starts to be two-dimensional (minigap). Cases with a constant Reynolds...
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Improvement of Thrust Bearing Calculation Considering the Convectional Heating within the Space between the Pads
PublikacjaA modern thrust bearing tool is used to estimate the behavior of tilting pad thrust bearings not only in the oil film between pad and rotating collar, but also in the space between the pads. The oil flow in the space significantly influences the oil film inlet temperature and the heating of pad and collar. For that reason, it is necessary to define an oil mixing model for the space between the pads. In the bearing tool, the solutions...
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Criteria for selection of working fluid in low-temperature ORC
PublikacjaThe economics of an ORC system is strictly linked to thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. A bad choice of working fluid could lead to a less efficient and expensive plant/generation unit. Some selection criteria have been put forward by various authors, incorporating thermodynamic properties, provided in literature but these do not have a general character. In the paper a simple analysis has been carried out which resulted...
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Determination of benzo(a)pyrene content in PM10 using regression methods
PublikacjaThe paper presents an attempt of application of multidimensional linear regression to estimation of an empirical model describing the factors influencing on B(a)P content in suspended dust PM10 in Olsztyn and Elbląg city regions between 2010 and 2013. During this period annual average concentration of B(a)P in PM10 exceeded the admissible level 1.5-3 times. Conducted investigations confirm that the reasons of B(a)P concentration...
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The effect of pre-hydrogen charging on corrosion behaviour of superduplex stainless steel welded joints
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of research undertaken to determine the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel welded joints. Butt welded joints were made with low heat input using flux corded arc welding (FCAW) method. Coupons of 5.0 x 5.0 mm were cut from the welded joints containing weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal (PM). Hydrogen was introduced...
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Hydrogen induced degradation of structural steel exposed to the technical liquid hydrocarbons
PublikacjaSusceptibility of the differently heat treated 26H2MF steel to stress corrosion cracking has been evaluated in the constant strain rate tension tests done at the strain rate 10-6s-1 and in the constant load tests done at the 0,98 of fracture load. The boiler fuel and the aged mineral oil at 135C and 80C respectively, have been used as the aggressive environments.
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SZACOWANIE ZAWARTOŚCI BENZO(a)PIRENU W PYLE ZAWIESZONYM PM10 W AGLOMERACJI TRÓJMIEJSKIEJ ZA POMOCĄ WIELOWYMIAROWEJ REGRESJI LINIOWEJ=ESTIMATION OF BENZO(A)PYRENE CONTENT IN SUSPENDED DUST PM10 IN TRI-CITY AGGLOMERATION USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL LINEAR REGRESSION
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono próbę oszacowania przy pomocy wielowymiarowej regresji liniowej modelu empirycznego opisującego czynniki wpływające na zawartość B(a)P w pyle zawieszonym PM10 w Aglomeracji Trójmiejskiej w latach 2008-2011. Na przestrzeni tych lat średnioroczne stężenie B(a)P w PM10 wzrosło ponad dwukrotnie i ponad trzykrotnie przewyższa poziom docelowy. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że główną przyczyną wzrostu stężenia...
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LCT, PIV and IR Imaging Detection in Selected Technical and Biomedical Applications
PublikacjaPaper presents the brief summary of the history of Thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Infrared Imaging Themography (IR). Principal methods and tools are described and some examples are presented. With this objective, a new experimental technique have been developed and applied to the study of heat and mass transfer and for biomedical diagnosis. Selected results of experiments using these methods...
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On the differential effect of temperature on the Nusselt-Rayleigh relationship in free convection
PublikacjaThe aim of and inspiration behind this paper was to explain the reasons, also observed by other researchers, of the discrepancy in the results of experimental free convection, which for small Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers in the initial phase of research can sometimes reach several hundred percent. These discrepancies decrease with increasing heating power and plate surface temperature, in proportion to the increase in Ra and Nu,...
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Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
PublikacjaSystemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji...
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Elementary analysis and energetic potential of the municipal sewage sludges from the Gdańsk and Kościerzyna WWTPs
PublikacjaThis paper aims to present municipal sewage sludge (MSS) elementary analysis and energetic potential based on measurement of heat of combustion (higher heating value HHV) and calculation of calorific values (lower heating value LHV). The analysis takes into the consideration water content in sewage sludge, at different utilization stages, in wastewater treatment plants in Gdańsk Wschód and Kościerzyna – Pomeranian Voivodeship....
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Electronic and ionic relaxations in strontium-borate glass and glass-ceramics containing bismuth and vanadium oxides
PublikacjaThe topography, microstructure and electrical properties of strontium-borate glass and SBO glass containing bismuth and vanadium oxides, were studied. The structure was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The A.C. complex conductivity was investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The influence of the quantity of bismuth...
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BACTERIAL INACTIVATION VIA LASER-DRIVEN GOLD NANOPARTICLE HEATING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
PublikacjaThis study utilizes CFD technique to simulate the inactivation of E. coli bacteria within a microfluidic chamber, employing gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser beam. Employing a single-phase model, the presence of bacteria is considered by treating thermal properties in the governing equations as effective, combining those of water and bacteria using established correlations from scientific literature. The conversion of light...
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Superconductivity in CaBi2
PublikacjaSuperconductivity is observed with critical temperature Tc = 2.0 K in self-flux-grown single crystals of CaBi2. This material adopts the ZrSi2 structure type with lattice parameters a = 4.696(1) Å, b = 17.081(2) Å and c = 4.611(1) Å. The crystals of CaBi2 were studied by means of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements. The heat capacity jump at Tc is DC/gTc = 1.41, confirming bulk superconductivity;...
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Magneto-thermal convection of low concentration nanofluids
PublikacjaThe main aim of this paper was to analyze possible utilization of the low concentration nanofluids and the magnetic field to enhance heat transfer. The studied fluids were based on water with an addition of copper particles (40-60 nm diameter). They belonged to the diamagnetic group of materials. As a first attempt to stated target the analysis of enclosure placed in the maximal value of square magnetic induction gradient was carried...
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Synthesis and properties of AxV2Al20 (A = Th, U, Np, Pu) ternary actinide aluminides
PublikacjaPolycrystalline samples of AxV2Al20 (A = Ce, Th, U, Np, Pu; 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) actinide intermetallics were synthesized using the arc-melting method. Crystal structure studies were performed by means of powder x-ray diffraction and the Rietveld refinement method. All studied compounds crystallize in the CeCr2Al20-type structure (space group Fd-3m, no. 227) with the actinoid and Ce atom located in the oversized icosahedral cage formed...
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The effect of hybridization of fire retarded epoxy/flax-cotton fiber laminates by expanded vermiculite: Structure-property relationship study
PublikacjaThe study describes the hybridization of epoxy/flax-cotton (EP/FF) composites containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with micrometric expanded vermiculite (VMT) (1–10 wt%). The efficiency of hybridization of flame retarded epoxy/flax-cotton composites was assessed by performing static tensile and flexural strength evaluation, supplemented by impact strength measurements of the composites. Moreover, thermal and thermomechanical...
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Rheology of Variable Viscosity‐Based Mixed Convective Inclined Magnetized Cross Nanofluid with Varying Thermal Conductivity
PublikacjaCross nanofluid possesses an extraordinary quality among the various fluidic models to explore the key characteristics of flowing fluid during very low and very high shear rates and its viscosity models depend upon shear rate. The current study establishes the numerical treatment regarding variable viscosity‐based mixed convective inclined magnetized Cross nanofluid with var‐ ying thermal conductivities over the moving permeable...
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Application of a catalytic combustion sensor (Pellistor) for the monitoring of the explosiveness of a hydrogen-air mixture in the upper explosive limit range
PublikacjaA new technique is presented for continuous measurements of hydrogen contamination by air in the upper explosive limit range. It is based on the application of a catalytic combustion sensor placed in a cell through which the tested sample passes. The air content is the function of the quantity of formed heat during catalytic combustion of hydrogen inside the sensor. There is the possibility of using the method in industrial installations...
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Comparison of perforator location in dynamic and static thermographic imaging with Doppler ultrasound in breast reconstruction surgery
PublikacjaThis paper co mpares the effectiveness of the dTnorm and t90_10 parametrizations in dynamic thermography for imaging location of perforators in TRAM flaps in the intraoperative period. The results were compared with the location detected in a Doppler ultrasound examination. Cold and heat stimulation was used in dynamic thermography. Additionally, these results were compared with static...
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Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Weld Characteristics of P91 Joint for Advanced Ultra Supercritical Power Plant Applications
PublikacjaActivated Tungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) welding, a variant of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, was used for welding P91. In Generation IV power plants, P91 welds are prone to premature failure due to the presence and formation of brittle phases and creep at high temperatures. When performing A-TIG welding, the flux composition plays a role in the reversal of the Marangoni flow in the weld pool, which ultimately determines the level...
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White light thermoplasmonic activated gold nanorod arrays enable the photo-thermal disinfection of medical tools from bacterial contamination
PublikacjaThe outspread of bacterial pathogens causing severe infections and spreading rapidly, especially among hospitalized patients, is worrying and represents a global public health issue. Current disinfection techniques are becoming insufficient to counteract the spread of these pathogens because they carry multiple antibiotic-resistance genes. For this reason, a constant need exists for new technological solutions that rely on physical...
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser surface-treated Ti13nb13zr alloy with MWCNTs coatings
PublikacjaLaser surface modification of titanium alloys is one of the main methods of improving the properties of titanium alloys used in implantology. This study investigates the microstructural morphology of a laser-modified surface layer on a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with and without a carbon nanotube coating deposited by electrophoretic deposition. Laser modification was performed for samples with and without carbon nanotube coating for two...
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Direct-contact condensation from vapour- gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser for negative CO2 power plant
PublikacjaDirect-contact condensation of vapour containing the inert gas on a spray of subcooled liquid exists in a number of technical applications. For example, it may be found in the nuclear industry (e.g. pressurized jet under normal operating conditions, in safety analyses) or in the chemical industry (e.g. mixing-type heat exchanger, degasser, sea water desalting). The problem is also essential to modelling and analysis of some...
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Thermal properties of a cement composite containing phase change materials (PCMs) with post-pyrolytic char obtained from spent tyres as a carrier
PublikacjaThis work examines the possible use of post-pyrolysis char made from spent vehicle tyres as a carrier for phase change materials (PCM), which could be used as an additive to cement mortar. Because of the ability of PCM to accumulate heat, the cement composite obtained from it, apart from its structural and strength properties, will acquire an additional energy storage function, which can be very important for energy-saving construction. In...
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Spin-glass behavior in a binary Pr 3 Ir intermetallic compound
PublikacjaPolycrystalline Pr3Ir was synthesized by arc melting. Its cementite-type crystal structure (Pnma) was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and estimated lattice parameters are in agreement with literature. Physical properties were measured by means of the ac and dc magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and heat capacity. Our results indicate spin-glass behavior in Pr3Ir with a freezing temperature Tf = 6.58 K and activation...
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Comparative study of flow condensation in conventional and small diameter tubes
PublikacjaFlow boiling and flow condensation are often regarded as two opposite or symetrical phenomena. Their description however with a single correlation has yet to be suggested.In the case of flow boiling in minichannels there is mostly encountered the annular flow structure, where the buble generetion is not present. Similar picture holds for the case of inside tube condensation, where annular flow structure predominates. In such case...
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Modeling of the internal combustion engine cooling system
PublikacjaThe article concerns computer modelling of processes in cooling systems of internal combustion engines. Modelling objectives and existing commercial programs are presented. It also describes Author’s own method of binding graphs used to describe phenomena in the cooling system of a spark ignition engine. The own model has been verified by tests on the engine dynamometer. An example of using a commercial program for experimental...
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The morphology of vanadate glass-ceramics containing BaTiO3
Dane BadawczeThe morphology of vanadate glass-ceramic doped with BaTiO3 was measured. Samples of the composition of x[BaO,TiO2]–(80 − x)V2O5–20Bi2O3 where x = 5, 10 and 15 in mol% were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique. The melting was performed in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1273 K–1373 K. The melts were poured on a preheated (573...
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Tellurite based glass doped by Eu3+ ions - XPS measurements
Dane BadawczeEu3+ doped tellurite glass ceramics containing SrF2 nanocrystals were prepared using melt quenching technique and subsequent heat treatment of glass in 370 °C for different time periods. Thermal properties of glass matrix have been determined based on DSC measurements. XRD and XPS results confirmed formation of SrF2 nanocrystals in glass matrices after...
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[Chapter] 22. Application of physical modeling to study combustion process-es and flow patterns in large-scale boilers and furmaces. W: Optical me- thods and data processing in heat and fluid flow. Ed. C. Greated, J. Cos-grove, J.M. Buick. Bury St. Edmunds. London: Profess. Eng. Publ.**2002 s. 267-277, 4 rys. bibliogr. 6 poz. Zastosowanie modelowania fizycznego do badania procesów spalania pola prze- pływu w przemysłowych kotłach i piecach.
PublikacjaRozdział zawiera wyniki badań modelowania fizycznego dwuwymiarowego i trój-wymiarowego pola przepływu i procesów spalania w wybranych urządzeniachprzemysłowych.
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Wieloobszarowa rozmyta regulacja PID mocy reaktora jądrowego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wieloobszarowy regulator rozmyty z lokalnymi regulatorami PID dla sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego typu PWR. Wykorzystano model matematyczny o parametrach skupionych reaktora PWR obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy lokalnych regulatorów PID zostały dobrane w sposób optymalny, minimalizując całkowy wskaźnik jakości ISE. Na przykładzie pokazano że zastosowane...
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Comparison of soil models in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments
PublikacjaThis paper deals with mathematical modelling of a seabed layer in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments. The existing seabed soil models: a “soil ring” and a semi-infinite soil layer are discussed in a comparative analysis of the shape factor of a surrounding soil layer. The meaning of differences in the heat transfer coefficient of a soil layer is illustrated based on a computational example...
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Absence of superconductivity in fluorine-doped neptunium pnictide NpFeAsO
PublikacjaX-ray diffraction, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility and inelastic x-ray scattering measurements on the transurarium oxypnictides NpFeAsO and NpFeAsO0.85F0.15 are presented. No superconductivity down to 2 K was observed upon fluorine doping, contrary to the structurally analogous rare-earth pnictides. No modification of the phonon density of states was observed upon doping with fluorine. We discuss our results in light of...
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Effect of temperature change on refractive index of an egg white and yolk: a preliminary study
PublikacjaIn this article, the refractive index of an egg white and yolk depending on temperature in range 30 - 47 °C over 1550 nm was determined. The measurement head was constructed as fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer with interference between polished fiber end-face and aluminum weighing dish. The measurement setup has been made of an optical spectrum analyzer, a superluminescent diode with a central wevelength of 1550 nm, 2:1 fiber...
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Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Dissimilar Joint of P91 Steel and INCOLOY 800HT Nickel Alloy
PublikacjaThis investigation attempts to explore the weld characteristics of a laser welded dissimilar joint of ferritic/martensitic 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb (P91) steel and Incoloy 800HT austenitic nickel alloy. This dissimilar joint is essential in power generating nuclear and thermal plants operating at 600–650 °C. In such critical operating conditions, it is essential for a dissimilar joint to preserve its characteristics and be free from any kind...
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Ocean mixed layer dynamics: high-resolution simulations of wind, wave and convective effects
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains results of high-resolution numerical simulations of the ocean mixed layer (OML) forced by wind, waves and cooling from the atmosphere, i.e., under strongly turbulent, convective conditions. The goal is to provide detailed, three-dimensional information about OML circulation, turbulent kinetic energy, and temperature and salinity...
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Investigation of the Combustion Processes in the Gas Turbine Module of an FPSO Operating on Associated Gas Conversion Products
PublikacjaIn this paper, we consider the issue of thermo-chemical heat recovery of waste heat from gas turbine engines for the steam conversion of associated gas for offshore vessels. Current trends in the development of offshore infrastructure are identified, and the composition of power plants for mobile offshore drilling units and FPSO vessels is analyzed. We present the results of a comparison of power-to-volume ratio, power-to-weight...
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Experimental investigation of domestic micro-CHP based on the gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublikacjaThe results of investigations conducted on the prototype of vapour driven micro-CHP unit integrated with a gas boiler are presented. The system enables cogeneration of heat and electric energy to cover the energy demand of household. The idea of such system is to produce electricity for own demand or for selling it to the electric grid – in such situation the system user will became the prosumer. A typical commercial gas boiler,...
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Structural and physical characterization of NpPt2In7
PublikacjaA new neptunium intermetallic compound, NpPt2In7, has been synthesized in polycrystalline form and characterized by several macroscopic techniques. A Rietveld analysis of its powder x-ray diffraction pattern shows that NpPt2In7 crystallizes in a tetragonal lattice with I4/mmm symmetry and lattice parameters a = 4.58471(3) Å, c = 21.5065(3) Å. Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and heat capacity measurements indicate...
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Synthesis and physical properties of the 10.6 K ferromagnet NdIr3
PublikacjaThe magnetic, transport, and thermodynamic properties of NdIr3 are reported. Its PuNi3-type crystal structure (space group R−3m), with lattice parameters a= 5.3262(1)Å and c=26.2218(3)Å, was confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction. Our measurements indicate that NdIr3 exhibits a previously unreported paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition below TC=10.6 K(determined by using the Arrott plot). The magnetic susceptibility obeys...
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Effect of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation on changes in climatic conditions and river flow in Poland
Publikacja: The purpose of this study is to find connections between the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (NA THC), climate elements, such as cloud cover, precipitation, air temperature, sunshine duration, and relative humidity, and flow of rivers in Poland. The intensity of NA THC was characterized by the DG3L index, which was established to assess changes in the amount of heat transported by NA THC along with the transport of water...
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Combined cold supply system for ship application based on low GWP refrigerants - Thermo-economic and ecological analyses
PublikacjaThe withdrawal of popular high-GWP refrigerants will significantly affect maritime industry. Refrigeration and air conditioning systems currently used on ships are not ready to fulfil future limitations. Therefore, there is a need for system, which will operate with low-GWP refrigerants and at the same time will be efficient and reliable in difficult environmental conditions. This paper explains the concept of a cold supply system,...
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Methodology for determining the elemental composition, as well as energy and ignition properties of the low-sulfur marine fuels
PublikacjaThe key metrological issue of substance and energy balance in research engines is the precise determination of the elemental composition of the applied fuel and its net calorific value. This makes it possible to calculate the amount of heat brought with the fuel into the combustion chamber, as well as the amount and gas composition of the exhaust. However, to fully assess the energy quality of the fuel used, its ignition properties...
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Ferromagnetism in Pr-rich binary Pr7Ru3 intermetallic compound
PublikacjaWe present the synthesis and experimental characterization of the binary intermetallic compound Pr7Ru3. The polycrystalline sample was prepared by arc melting pure Pr and Ru, followed by homogenization at 500 °C and 600 °C for 48 and 89 h, respectively. Powder x-ray diffraction confirms that Pr7Ru3 crystallizes in an orthorhombic crystal structure (Pnma, space group no. 62) with the lattice parameters: a = 7.3606(7) Å, b = 23.120(1)...
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Physical Chemistry_GTM_20_21_winter
Kursy OnlineThe aim of the subject is to familarize the student with fundamental physico-chemical laws in chemical thermodynamics, phase equilibria and chemical equilibria together with ability of solving relevant text problems involving calculations, as well as teachnig him/her effective and safe carrying out simple experiments/measurements of physico-chemical quantities and proper presentation and interpretation of their results. LECTURES Chemical...
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Analysis of the selection of low temperature medium for a turbine power plant using ocean thermal energy (OTEC)
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results and conclusions of numerical calculations modelled in the EES program of a closed OTEC cycle. The following mediums were analysed: ammonia, R32, R41, R404a, R407c, R410a, R423a, R500, R502, R507a and R114, R152a, R234fa, R600, R1234yf, R1234ze. Analogous assumptions were adopted as in the ORC cycle with heat regeneration for dry refrigerants without regeneration for wet refrigerants. Each of them...
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Some problems of slide bearing material fatigue evaluation.
PublikacjaA slide bearing alloy resistance against fatigue failures have been investigated for three different lubricants, different heat loadings and different stress ratio κ values. The research methods and data handling procedures for determination of particular parameter effects on fatigue strength have been described and analysed for experiments that were set and performed in laboratory tester SKMR-2. Main and interaction effects of...
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The properties of reduced Ge-Sb-O glasses for thermoelectric devices
PublikacjaThe structural and electrical properties of germanium-antimonate glasses after heat treatment in hydrogen have been determined. In the case of 50GeO2-50Sb2O3 glass reduced at 340°C even for less than 1 hour a continuous layer of antimony granules is formed and its electrical properties determine the surface conductivity of the reduced sample. The bulk electrical conductivity at 100°C of this sample was determined as 1000 Scm-1...