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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
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Optimization of combined heat and power (CHP) market allocation: The case of Poland
PublikacjaCombined heat and power (CHP), that is production of electricity and useful heat in a single thermodynamic process, is a way of primary energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, promotion of the electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration (CHP-E) was encouraged in the European Union. However, CHP-E promotion mechanisms proved low effectiveness in certain countries, like Poland, where the prices of certificates of origin...
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A model of combined heat and power generating plant with urban heat distribution network for production scheduling
PublikacjaPoruszono zagadnienie związane z pracowaniem harmonogramu produkcji elektrociepłowni. Uwzględniony został wpływ zachowania się miejskiej sieci ciepłowniczej na pracę elektrociepłowni. Możliwe jest również modelowanie współpracy ze zbiornikiem ciepła.
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Effect of the absence of clear contractual conditions for the pur-chase of combined heat and power systems through public tenders
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono dyskusję konsekwencji stosowania różnych podejść do obliczeń kontraktowych parametrów technicznych zespołów kogeneracyjnych. Obliczenia te wykonywane są na potrzeby oferty przygotowywanej w związku z ogłoszeniem przetargu publicznego na zakup siłowni kogeneracyjnej. Brak precyzyjnych zasad określających warunk, i jakie należy przyjąć do wyznaczania parametrów kontraktowych zespołów kogeneracyjnych umożliwia...
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Small wood waste fired combined heat and power plant. Possible use of wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy as an alternative to fossil fuels
PublikacjaThis article discusses the possibility of burning wood biomass instead of fossil fuels in boilers. It describes the properties of wood biomass, including the variation of its calorific value depending on the moisture content of wood. The article proposes several variants of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) system burning wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy, using the energy contained in exhaust gases...
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Comparative study of a combined heat and power plant retrofitted by CO2 capture during the combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification versus zero-emission combustion of hydrogen produced using renewables
PublikacjaWith ecological requirements aimed at limiting the production of CO2, it is necessary to produce all, or most of the energy from RES. During the transformation process, ecological and highly efficient combustion power plants will be needed. The classic cycle of combined heat and power (CCGT) with green improvements will continue to be one of the most suitable technologies for this task. This article presents the modernization of...
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublikacjaSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection
PublikacjaThe paper presents a study of retrofitting of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant aimed to increase the electric to heating power ratio. The modification would involve diverting part of the steam to the gas turbine, instead of letting it go to the steam turbine, using injection technique into a combustion chamber. Therefore, two potential retrofitting approaches are analyzed: steam injection gas turbine (STIGT) and combined steam...
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An Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Combined Cycle Power Plant Control
PublikacjaCombined cycle power plants operate at thermal efficiency approaching 60 percent. In the same time their performance presents several problems that have to be addressed. E.g. gas turbines are very sensitive to backpressure exerted on them by the heat recovery steam generators as well as to ambient pressure and temperature.
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SELECTED COMBINED POWER SYSTEMS CONSISTED OF SELFIGNITION ENGINE AND STEAM TURBINE
PublikacjaThis paper presents optimization of selected combined diesel engine-steam turbine systems. Two systems: the system combined with waste heat one-pressure boiler only and its version containing additionally low-pressure boiler proper feeding degasifier and the system of two-pressure cycle, were taken into considerations. Their surplus values of power output and efficiency associated with utilization of waste heat contained in piston...
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Nuclear power plant as a source of electrical energy and heat
PublikacjaIn this paper certain issues concerning usage of nuclear power plants as sources of not only electric power but also thermal energy will be discussed. For such a solution appeals most of all the need to limit harmful emissions of gases (including CO2) and ashes, which come from the process of burning fossil fuels, as well as the raising demand for network heat and chill. Additionally combined heat and power production brings measurable...
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of heat and electric power generation
PublikacjaThis paper presents an evaluation of technical efficiency and time-dependent changes in productivity of Polish professional electric power and heat&electric power stations by using Data Envelopment Analysis non-parametric method. The research covered the enterprises whose total available electric power amounted to about 98% of that of all professional thermal electric power stations in this country. The analysis has concerned...
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Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in the Casing Pipe
PublikacjaThe current carrying capacity of a power cable determines its ability to carry a specific current and is related to the efficiency of dissipation of heat generated in the cable laid in a specific environment. The studies were conducted in order to determine how the characteristics of the medium around the cable affected its temperature, and thus the ability of the cable to transmit electricity. The experimentation in the lab and...
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The Possibility to use a Nuclear Power Plant as a Source of Electrical Energy and Heat
PublikacjaIn this article issues concernig the possibility of nuclear power plant (NPP) operation also as a source of heat, which means combined heat and power production, have been described. CHP work is possible and profitable only in those areas where high thermal power demand occurs, which means near city agglomerations such as Warsaw or the Tri-City. Two levels of thermal power delivered to the heating system have been considered. Preliminary...
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The Research into the Effect of Conditions of Combined Electric Powered Diamond Processing on Cutting Power
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublikacjaUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Pipeline System for Heat Transportation from Nuclear Power Plant – an Optimizing Approach
PublikacjaOver the last few years heat piping insulation technology and pump systems efficiency have been significantly improved. Reduced thermal losses encourage heat transportation over long distances. It provides an opportunity for increasing thermodynamic efficiency of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) that are often located in rural areas because of safety issues. It can be achieved by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, as heat produced...
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A Combined TOPSIS and FA Based Strategic Analysis of Technical Condition of High Power Transformers
PublikacjaThe paper presents mathematical model { TOPSIS method, which was utilized on insulating state of distribution transformer to analyze and sensibility of individual measurements methods mutual comparison. We can uniquely determine the importance of these measurements methods with this mathematical appara- tus in these measurements methods in insulating state of transformers.
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High-efficiency mini and micro heat exchangers for dispersed power generation
PublikacjaTaking into account the dispersed systems technologies and their development, the ORC systems seem to be promising technology amongst various micro-CHP domestic units (electrical power production below 10 kWe), however practical realization of the ORC cycle in a micro-scale is technically challenging. The system consists in devices such as the vapour generation unit (boiler), expansion device and heat exchangers. Each of them should...
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Using adsorption chillers for utilising waste heat from power plants
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Power and heat from renewable energy sources on energy market in Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono aktualne uwarunkowania rynków energii w Polsce w odniesieniu do źródeł odnawialnych. Przedstawiono perspektywy rozwojowe. Omówiono wyniki opłacalności budowy małego bloku skojarzonego opalanego słomą.
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Experiment-Based Study of Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in a Casing Pipe
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the important challenges in terms of electricity transmission by means of underground cable lines. The power cable’s performance is characterized by an ampacity that represents its maximum electric current-carrying capacity. The ampacity of power cables depends on their ability to diffuse the heat generated by the current flow into the environment. In the performed research, the analysis of the efficiency of...
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The Laboratory Stand for the Evaluation of Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in a Casing Pipe
PublikacjaThe current carrying capacity of a power cable determines its efficiency, which depends on its capability to dissipate heat produced inside the cable, as a result of current flow, into the surrounding. The studies were conducted to determine how the characteristics of the medium around the cable affected its temperature and, as a result, its ability to transport electricity. The experimentation in the lab and real measurements...
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Application of Organic Rankine Cycle as bottoming cycle to conventional heat and power plant
PublikacjaW pracy rozważono możliwość zastosowania układu ORC w skojarzeniu z ciepłownią lub elektrociepłownią celem podniesienia stopnia wykorzystania jednostki CHP podczas eksploatacji w skali roku. Połączenie układu ORC z zawodową jednostką CHP może wpłynąć na wzrost rocznej produkcji energii elektrycznej i jednoczsne zmniejszenie fluktuacji podczas pracy bloku energetycznego. Z jednej strony następuje konwersja energii cieplnej na elektryczną...
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Combined operation of 900MW power plant with the ORC through the bleed steam extraction point and CO2 recovery system
PublikacjaThe work presented here is aimed at utylisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90 C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublikacjaThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Technical and economic conditions of supplying residential consumers with heat from nuclear power plant
PublikacjaThe reduction of CO2 emission requires technological shift towards carbon-free options. Cogeneration of electricity and heat based on coal and natural gas will experience generation cost increase, if the costs of emissions are imposed on the plant operators. Therefore, nuclear and renewable options should be considered. In this paper, we present the concept of electricity and heat supply system with nuclear condensing turbine adapted...
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Pipeline system for heat transportation from nuclear power plant — An optimizing approach
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Assessment, optimisation and working fluid comparison of organic rankine cycle combined with negative CO2 gas power plant system
PublikacjaThis study aims to investigate the application of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) as an alternative to low-pressure expansion in the negative CO2 power plant (nCO2PP). The reason for this study is that a detailed analysis of nCO2PP indicates a certain amount of waste heat present in the exhaust gas from the high-to-intermediate pressure gas turbine. Some of this energy can be used by the application of the expansion in a low-pressure...
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Monitoring Regenerative Heat Exchanger in Steam Power Plant by Making Use of the Recurrent Neural Network
PublikacjaArtificial Intelligence algorithms are being increasingly used in industrial applications. Their important function is to support operation of diagnostic systems. This paper pesents a new approach to the monitoring of a regenerative heat exchanger in a steam power plant, which is based on a specific use of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The proposed approach was tested using real data. This approach can be easily adapted to...
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Computational analysis of power-law fluids for convective heat transfer in permeable enclosures using Darcy effects
PublikacjaNatural convection is a complex environmental phenomenon that typically occurs in engineering settings in porous structures. Shear thinning or shear thickening fuids are characteristics of power-law fuids, which are non-Newtonian in nature and fnd wide-ranging uses in various industrial processes. Non-Newtonian fuid fow in porous media is a difcult problem with important consequences for energy systems and heat transfer. In this...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublikacjaDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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Specificity of automatic control of micro-turbines (steam or gas -driven and expanders) in dispersed generation system of heat and electric power
PublikacjaThis paper presents specific problems of automatic control of steam micro-turbines and expanders intended for the dispersed, combined generating of heat and electric power. The investigations concern ensurance of certainty of energy supply and its required quality.
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The Concept of a Methodology for Selecting the Optimal Parameters of Heat Received from a Nuclear Power Plant Operating in a Partial Cogeneration Mode
PublikacjaThe paper presents the concept of the objective function which is to allow the selection of optimal parameters of the district heating system using a nuclear power plant operating in partial cogeneration mode. The concept is based on research carried out a number of years ago. The size of annual expenses was proposed as the objective function, which allows to compare the operation of a nuclear power plant in partial cogeneration...
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Thermodynamic and economic analysis of nuclear power unit operating in partial cogeneration mode to produce electricity and district heat
PublikacjaThis paper presents the methodology of techno-economic analysis for a nuclear unit operating in partial cogeneration mode and its application for the case study: a nuclear power plant planned in Poland. The research objectives were: to propose EPR, AP1000 and ESBWR nuclear condensing-extraction turbine systems modifications required for operation in cogeneration, to determine optimal heat production and heat transport line (HTL)...
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Possible efficiency increasing of ship propulsion and marine power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine
PublikacjaW rozdziale przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego lub morskiej pływającej elektrowni dużej mocy złożonego z silnika głównego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika głównego tłokowego. Rozpatrywano możliwości zastosowania takich układów w układach okrętowych z punktu widzenia sprawnościowego. Podano możliwości...
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Managment of low grade waste heat from the supercritical power plant using the ORC cycle aided by bleed steam
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono oryginalną koncepcję dogrzewu obiegu ORC za pomocą pary upustowej z nadkrytycznego bloku energetycznego.
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An analysis of the possibilities of increasing the production of electrical energy during the summer season by heat-generation back pressure turbine power units.
PublikacjaZbadano możliwości podniesienia mocy elektrycznej produkowanej przez przeciwprężne bloki ciepłownicze w sezonie letnim. Zbadano jedną z możliwości polegającą na dochładzaniu wody sieciowej powracającej z aglomeracji miejskiej. Zwrócono uwagę na aspekty techniczne, ekonomiczne i ekologiczne rozważanego rozwiązania.
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Some Problems of Heat and Power Distributed Generation Control = Wybrane zagadnienia sterowania automatycznego rozproszonego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła
PublikacjaRozproszone wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej wnosi pewne problemy z punktu widzenia współpracy z zewnętrznym systemem elektroenergetycznym. Wynikają one z koniecznością zapewnienia należytej jakości energii elektrycznej (częstotliwości i napięcia). Są one tym większe im większą moc ma tego rodzaju źródło energii elektrycznej oraz im jest większa zmienność jego mocy. Z tego powodu największe trudności regulacyjne sprawiają farmy...
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Sterowanie systemu elektroenergetycznego zasilanego układem kombinowanym silnik spalinowy - turbina gazowa = Control of electric power system suplied with combined diesel engine and gas turbine
PublikacjaPoddano badaniom symulacyjnym układ sterowania automatyc znego elektroenergetycznego systemu wydzielonego, zasilanego prądnicami napędzanymi przez wysokoprężny silnik spalinowy oraz turbinę gazową. Przebieg procesów symulacyjnych zależy głównie od nastawień regulatora częstotliwości systemu elektroenergetycznego. Od ustawień regulatora silnika tłokowego zależy mniej niż w przypadku turbiny gazowej. Nie odgrywa istotnej roli sposób...
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Possible use of combined diesel engine/steam turbine in ship power plant = Możliwości zastosowania układów kombinowanych: silnik diesla - turbina parowa w siłowniach okrętowych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono układ kombinowany dużej mocy. Składa się on z silnika spalinowego tłokowego oraz skojarzone z nim układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystującego energię spalin wylotowych. Rozpatrzono tylko wariant silnik Diesla - turbina parowa, z kotłem utylizacyjnym jednociśnieniowym. Podano założenia i ograniczenia oraz wyniki obliczeń z opracowanego programu komputerowego. Obliczenia numeryczne wykonano dla silników spalinowych...
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine at the main engine - steam turbine mode of cooperation
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z silnika głównego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika głównego tłokowego. Rozpatrywano układ kombinowany układ złożony z silnika spalinowego tłokowego skojarzony z układem turbiny parowej. Podano algorytm i obliczenia poszczególnych podukładów:...
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Spectroscopic evaluation of a low power atmospheric pressure mixed argon–helium microwave induced plasma combined with the chemical generation of volatile species for the optical emission spectrometric determination of arsenic, antimony and mercury
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine in case of main engine cooperation with the gas turbine fed in parallel and the steam turbine
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z wiodącego silnika głównego spalinowego silnika tłokowego i skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych głównego silnika spalinowego. Rozpatrzono wariant układu kombinowanego, w którym główny jest silnik tłokowy skojarzony z turbiną gazową mocy i układem turbiny parowej,...
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine in case of main engine cooperation with the gas turbine fed in series and the steam turbine
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z wiodącego silnika głównego silnika spalinowego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika spalinowego. Rozpatrywano wariant układu kombinowanego, którym turbina mocy jest zasilana szeregowo spalinami wylotowymi. Podano algorytm i obliczenia...
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Power enhancement of the Brayton cycle by steam utilization
PublikacjaThe paper presents thermodynamic analysis of the gas-steam unit of the 65 MWe combined heat and power station. Numerical analyses of the station was performed for the nominal operation conditions determining the Brayton and combined cycle. Furthermore, steam utilization for the gas turbine propulsion in the Cheng cycle was analysed. In the considered modernization, steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator unit is directed...
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Possibility to use engine compression ignition engines in floating power plants marine
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. The engines can be used in power industry for electricity generation in a simple or combined steam turbine system in combined heat and power plants. The leading engine in such an arrangement is an internal-combustion piston engine. The main propulsion engines are used in large piston internal-combustion engines...
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Analysis of operations of combined STIG installation
PublikacjaSteam injection in gas turbines is interesting technology with good energetic and ecological properties of gas turbines. In these applications the heat of exhaust gases is used to produce steam, which is injected in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The steam injection increase the power and efficiency of the installation. there are some possibilities to increases the properties of STIG turbines, for example by meas of additional...