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Search results for: ammonia electrooxidation reaction
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Fused FeCo catalysts for hydrogen production by means of the ammonia decomposition reaction
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Surface properties of wustite based iron-cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis reaction
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Effect of preparation conditions and promoters on the structure and activity of the ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst based on nanocrystalline cobalt
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The effect of the iron oxidation degree on distribution of promotors in the fused catalyst precursors and their activity in the ammonia synthesis reaction
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Reaction Model Taking into Account the Catalyst Morphology and Its Active Specific Surface in the Process of Catalytic Ammonia Decomposition
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Nickel-based catalysts for electrolytic decomposition of ammonia towards hydrogen production
PublicationNickel is an attractive metal for electrochemical applications because it is abundant, cheap, chemically resilient, and catalytically active towards many reactions. Nickel-based materials (metallic nickel, its alloys, oxides, hydroxides, and composites) have been also considered as promising electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation. The electrolysis of ammonia aqueous solution results in evolution of gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen....
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Electrooxidation of dissolved dsDNA backed by in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania elektrochemicznego utleniania dsDNA stosując metody cyklowoltametryczne na elektrodzie weglowej, platynowej, platynowej w formie siatki oraz z siatki platynowej osadzonej na węglu. Otrzymane wyniki analizy spektroelektrochemicznej wykazały, że wraz ze wzrostem potencjału i piku prądowego absorpcja roztworu dsDNA wzrasta w sposób zależny od typu elektrody. Jednak położenie maksimum absorpcji nie zmieniało...
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Inhibition of the granular anammox process by the high concentration of free ammonia.
PublicationHigh concentrations of ammonia and nitrite, typical for reject water treatment in the anammox process with the use of high temperatures and pH, may cause free ammonia (FA) inhibition. In this study, the inhibitory effect of FA on anammox process rate was investigated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with granular anammox biomass. Results of the study present that the anammox process could be successfully operated...
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Estimation of the effectiveness of nbpt for limiting ammonia emission from urea based on the field experiments
PublicationThe efectiveness of the ammonia emission reduction from NBPT-stabilized urea was investigating in 2011 during a field experiment on a grassland plot fertilized with a one-time dose of 60 kgN/ha. The obtained reduction coefficient of ammonia emission equaled 73% and 39-51% relative to erea without the inhibitor and ammonium nitrate, respectively.
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Improving carbon dioxide capture in aqueous ammonia solutions by fine SiO2 particles
PublicationAmmonia solutions are considered to be effective solvents for carbon dioxide absorption. Despite the numerous advantages of these solvents, their high volatility is a significant technical and economic problem. Therefore, in this work, silica particles were used as additives to improve CO2 absorption and inhibit NH3 desorption. SiO2 microparticles and colloidal SiO2 particles in the concentration range of 0-0.15 wt.% were used...
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Investigation of sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensors in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia
PublicationIn this paper a sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensor in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia is investigated. Both gases are environmentally hazardous and contain nitrogen atom in the molecule. However, it seems that their sensing mechanism in electrocatalytic sensor could be totally different. Namely, the maximum sensitivity for each gas was obtained at different temperatures. Also, different auxiliary layers are formed...
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Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods
PublicationHigh precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most...
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Effect of selected ammonia escape inhibitors on carbon dioxide capture and utilization via calcium carbonate precipitation
PublicationCarbon dioxide was used to precipitate CaCO3 with CaCl2 solution in the presence of NH3 as a CO2 absorption promoter. Compounds that were previously indicated as inhibitors of ammonia escape during CO2 absorption were also added to the reaction mixture. Inorganic salts, i.e. ZnCl2, CuCl2, CoCl2, and organic substances, i.e. glycerol, ethylene glycol and triethanolamine were tested inhibitors in this work. A model post-distillation...
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Incorporation of the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) process for modeling nitrification in suspended growth wastewater treatment systems
PublicationThe newly discovered process complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) has changed the traditional under-standing of nitrification. In this study, three possible concepts of comammox were developed and incorporated as part of an extended two-step nitrification model. For model calibration and validation, two series of long-term biomass washout experiments were carried out at 12 ◦C and 20 ◦C in a laboratory sequencing batch reactor....
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The influence of α,ω-diols and SiO2 particles on CO2 absorption and NH3 escaping during carbon dioxide capture in ammonia solutions
PublicationAmmonia solutions are widely used solvents for CO2 capture. However, a significant disadvantage of these solvents is secondary pollution of the purified gas stream by desorbed ammonia. In this work, α,ω-diols, and colloidal silica have been proposed to reduce this undesired effect. Ammonia solutions with the addition of ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-propanediol (PRD), 1,4-butanediol (BUD), 1,5-pentanediol (PED), or 1,6-hexanediol (HED)...
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Inhibition effect of free ammonia on deammonification process under different intermittent aeration strategies in sequencing batch reactor
PublicationThe deammonification process involves two steps. The first step is the partial nitrification of ammonia (NH4-N) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to produce nitrite (NO2-N) and the second step is the anammox process to “anaerobically” oxidize ammonia to nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor (Lackner et al., 2014). Free ammonia (FA) plays a significant role in the stable, long-term deammonification system operation....
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Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics with a Biokinetic Model for Predicting Ammonia and Phosphate Behavior in Aeration Tanks
PublicationThe aim of this study was to use computational fluid dynamics for predicting the behavior of reactive pollutants (ammonia and phosphate) in the aerobic zone of the bioreactor located at the Wschod wastewater treatment plant in Gdansk, Poland. The one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation was combined with simple biokinetic models incorporating the Monod-type expressions as source terms for the two pollutants. The problem was...
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Correlation between partial inhibition of hydrogen evolution using thiourea and catalytic activity of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy towards borohydride electrooxidation
PublicationDirect borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are devices which directly convert the chemical energy stored in the borohydride ion and oxidant into electrical energy as a result of redox reactions. Unfortunately, a significant amount of fuel is lost as a result of the undesirable hydrolysis reaction. The selection of an efficient borohydride hydrolysis inhibitor requires detailed knowledge regarding the interaction mechanism between the...
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Cobalt-based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition
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Effects of Different Aeration Modes on Ammonia Removal from Sludge Digester Liquors in the Nitritation-Anammox Process
PublicationSludge digester liquors can be responsible for up to one third of the nitrogen load to the biological step of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The conventional process for ammonia removal via two sequential processes, i.e. nitrification and denitrification, is increasingly being challenged by a one-step process in which ammonium is oxidized directly to nitrogen gas e.g. ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this novel process,...
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Influence of the shoe type on the ground reaction forces
PublicationThe aim of this work was to estimate a relationship between the type of the footwear and ground reactions. Differences in medio-lateral, anterior-posterior and vertical reactions are compared for different shoe-types for male and female volunteers. Each of the participants gait was recorded in case of different shoes and without them, also stabilograms were analyzed. Results revealed differences in ground reaction forces for different...
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Nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway during wastewater co-treatment with ammonia-rich landfill leachates in a sequencing batch reactor
PublicationThe biological treatment of ammonia-rich landfill leachates due to an inadequate C to N ratio requires expensive supplementation of carbon from an external carbon source. In an effort to reduce treatment costs, the objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway during landfill leachate co-treatment with municipal wastewater. Initially, the laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor...
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Ammonia amendment promotes high rate lactate production and recovery from semi-continuous food waste fermentation
PublicationIn this study, a reliable approach using ammonia nitrogen was proposed to increase lactate production during semi-continuous food waste (FW) fermentation under mesophilic conditions. Both free ammonia nitrogen (FAN) and ammonium ion (NH4+-N) were present in mesophilic reactors, with a wide FAN/NH4+-N ratio variation due to the intermittent pH control. The investigation of responsible mechanisms revealed that the increased production...
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FFT analysis of temperature modulated semiconductor gas sensor response for the prediction of ammonia concentration under humidity interference
PublicationThe increasing environmental contamination forces the need to design reliable devices for detecting of the volatile compounds present in the air. For this purpose semiconductor gas sensors, which have been widely used for years, are often utilized. Although they have many advantages such as low price and quite long life time, they still lack of long term stability and selectivity. Namely, environmental conditions have significant...
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The effects of different aeration modes on ammonia removal from sludge digester liquors in the nitritation–anammox proces
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of continuous and intermittent aeration on the rate of ammonia removal in the combined nitritation–anammox process. This process was run in two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), with a working volume V = 10 L, treating sludge digester liquors from the Gdansk (Poland) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The ammonia oxidizing bacteria were cultivated from activated sludge...
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Kinetics of the crosslinking reaction between genipin and chitosan solutions
PublicationThe kinetics of the chitosan crosslinking reaction with genipin was examined. The strong relationship was found between crosslinking agent concentration, chitosan concentration, temperature and gelling time. Data obtained will be used in the proper selection of optimal genipin concentration for crosslinking chitosan solutions.
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The influence of ammonia and selcted amines on the characteristics of calcium carbonate precipitated from calcium chloride solutions via carbonation
PublicationThe precipitation of calcium carbonate was carried out by passing a gasous mixture of carbon dioxide and air into a calcium chloride solution. The selected compounds enhancing carbon dioxide absorption were used as additives which promote the formation of carbonate ions in the solution. The additives were ammonia, monoethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine. The resulting calcium carbonate particles varied in polymorphic...
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Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Plant Metabolomics
PublicationVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants are a valuable source of information on their growth, theirresponse to stress, and the condition of their habitat. The recent trend in the analysis of low-mass molecules ofplant origin is metabolomics, which in the context of volatiles is often referred to as volatolomics. It requires theuse of modern analytical instrumentation...
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Chiral Schiff base complexes as an effective catalyst in Diels-Alder reaction
PublicationDiels Alder reaction is a very important tool in carbon-carbon bond formation. It is a cycloaddition between a conjugated diene and a second compound called dienophile. Where one or more heteroatoms are present in the diene and/or dienophile framework, the cycloaddition is called hetero-Diels-Alder reaction (HDA). The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction is among the most powerful available methodologies for that construction of optically...
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Polypyrrole based gas sensor for ammonia detection
PublicationThe nature of polypyrrole response to toxic gases does not allow using the sensor in a conventional way. The main aim of this study is to acquire the information about the concentration using different approaches: a linear approximation, a non-linear approximation and a tangent method. In this paper a two-steps procedure for sensor response measurements has been utilized. Polypyrrole films were electrochemically synthesized on...
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A new preparation method of catalyst for ammonia synthesis
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Utilization of spent iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis
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Voltammetric response of ceramic Nasicon ammonia sensor
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych odpowiedzi czujnika w różnych stężeniach amoniaku. Czujnik został wykonany w technologii ceramicznej na bazie elektrolitu stałego - NASICONu.
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Novel analytical approach for real-time monitoring of volatile Maillard reaction products emitted from the sugar-amino acid model system using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
PublicationIn the presented research, volatile Maillard reaction products formation in the two sugar-amino acid model systems, namely glucoselysine and ribose-lysine model systems were investigated using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Obtained data were supported by the reference method, i.e., UV/Vis spectrometry. A number of volatile organic compounds were selected based on the correlation of the effect of Maillard reaction...
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Reaction of aniline with ammonium persulphate and concentrated hydrochloric acid: Experimental and DFT studies
PublicationIn this paper, the reaction of aniline with ammonium persulphate and concentrated HCl was studied. As a result of our experimental studies, 2,4,6-trichlorophenylamine was identified as the main product. This shows that a high concentration of HCl does not favour oxidative polymerisation of phenylamine, even though the ammonium persulphate/HCl system is widely used in polyaniline synthesis. On the basis of the experimental data...
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Thermal Self-Action Effects of Acoustic Beam in a Gas with Reversible or Irreversible Chemical Reaction
PublicationThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a gas where an exothermic chemical reaction takes place, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a newtonian fluid. In dependence on the type of a chemical reaction, reversible or not, heating or cooling of a medium occurs. A beam in the case of the irreversible reaction may be unusually self-focusing. The self-action effects relating to wave beams containing shock...
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Heterogeneity of ingot of the fused iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis
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Investigation of manganese-doped iron ammonia synthesis catalysts
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Wustite based iron-cobalt catalyst for ammonia synthesis
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Intraday price reaction to filing bankruptcy and restructuring proceedings – the evidence from Poland
PublicationThis chapter presents the results of research on the price reaction of shares listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange to filing bankruptcy and/or restructuring applications. Event study was adopted as the research method, and it was performed at 10, 5, and 1-minute intervals. It was found that the reaction is rapid, as it takes 1–2 minutes after the information on bankruptcy and restructuring applications was made public. Significantly...
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Molecular Structures of the Phospha-Wittig Reaction Intermediate: Initial Step in the Synthesis of Compounds with a C═P–P Bond as Products in the Phospha-Wittig Reaction
PublicationThe phospha-Wittig reactivity ofβ-diketiminate titanium(III) complexes with phosphanylphosphido ligands was investigated. The reactions of [MeNacNacTi(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-PtBu2}] and [MeNacNacTi(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-P(Ph)tBu}] with acetone conducted in toluene solution under mild conditions led to the phospha-Wittig intermediates [{(ArN=C(Me)CHC(Me)=NAr)(C(Me)2O}Ti(Cl){PtBu2-P(SiMe3)C(Me)2O}] (1) and [{(ArN=C(Me)CHC(Me)=NAr) (C-(Me)2O}Ti(Cl){P(Ph)tBu-P(SiMe3)C(Me)2O}]...
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The Influence of External Additional Loading on the Muscle Activity and Ground Reaction Forces during Gait
PublicationAsymmetrical external loading acting on the usculoskeletal system is generally considered unhealthy. Despite this knowledge, carrying loads in an asymmetrical manner like carrying on one shoulder, with one hand, or on the strap across the torso is a common practice. This study is aimed at presenting the effects of the mentioned load carrying methods on muscle activity assessed by using thermal field and ground reaction forces....
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A Reaction of Thioamides with Zinc Ammoniates Leading to Simple Amidines. Discovery of a New Zwitterionic Monomethylamidine
PublicationThe reaction of thioamides with the R1R2N-ZnCl ammoniates leads to N-mono-, N,N'-di-, N,N-disubstituted, and unsubstituted amidines with high concns. of amines in abs. ethanol. The efficient direct formation of the N,N'-dimethylamidine can be explained by a greater reactivity of methylamine compared with dimethylamine. Discovery of a new zwitterion (induced by a carbonyl oxygen) suggests that the stabilization in the thymine...
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Time window based features extraction from temperature modulated gas sensors for prediction of ammonia concentration
PublicationElectronic gas recognition systems, in literature commonly referred as electronic noses, enable the recognition of a type and a concentration of various volatile compounds. Typical electronic gas-analyzing device consists of four main elements, namely, gas delivery subsystem, an array of gas sensors, data acquisition and power supply circuits and data analysis software. The commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely...
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Study of the Kinetics of Ammonia Synthesis and Decomposition on Iron and Cobalt Catalysts
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Kinetics studies of recrystallization process of metallic catalysts for ammonia synthesis
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On the distribution of aluminium and magnesium oxides in wustite catalysts for ammonia synthesis
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Simulation of ammonia combustion in dual-fuel compression-ignition engine
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Maillard-reaction (glycation) of biopolymeric packaging films; principles, mechanisms, food applications
PublicationBackground The biodegradable, biocompatible, sustainable, and renewable nature of biomaterials has led to increased interest in developing biopolymeric food packaging films (BFPFs) with green ingredients and strategies. To enhance the performance of these films, biopolymer molecules can be modified or combined with additives like nanomaterials, cross-linkers, bioactive compounds, and other polymers, particularly with Maillard-reaction...
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Impact of Tetrazolium Ionic Liquid Thermal Decomposition in Solvothermal Reaction on the Remarkable Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Particles
PublicationIonic liquids (ILs) could serve as a structuring agent, a solvent, or a source of dopant during solvothermal synthesis of semiconductors particles. To understand the role of IL during formation of TiO2 particles, it is necessary to study the stability of this IL in solvothermal synthesis conditions, as well as studying the surface properties of formed TiO2 particles. In view of this, the effect of the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium...