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Search results for: concrete, durability, sustainability, cement, concrete design, co2 emission
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Study the impact of design method preference on the usefulness of concrete and on CO2 emissions
PublicationPurpose – The research investigates the impact of concrete design methods on performance, emphasizing environmental sustainability. The study compares the modified Bolomey method and Abrams’ law in designing concretes. Significant differences in cement consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions are revealed. The research advocates for a comprehensive life cycle assessment, considering factors like compressive strength, carbonation...
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Predicting Performance of Lightweight Concrete with Granulated Expanded Glass and Ash Aggregate by Means of Using Artificial Neural Networks
PublicationLightweight concrete (LWC) is a group of cement composites of the defined physical, mechanical, and chemical performance. The methods of designing the composition of LWC with the assumed density and compressive strength are used most commonly. The purpose of using LWC is the reduction of the structure’s weight, as well as the reduction of thermal conductivity index. The highest possible strength, durability and low thermal conductivity...
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Effect of slag coal ash and foamed glass on the mechanical properties of two-stage concrete
PublicationTwo-stage concrete (TSC) is known by various names such as colcrete, Polcrete, preplaced aggregate concrete and prepacked concrete. It is different from traditional concrete in two fundamental ways, namely method of construction and mix proportion. Two-stage concrete (TSC) is defined as firstly, coarse aggregates are placed into the formwork and grout is applied to fill in the between coarse aggregate particles voids. Secondly,...
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Assessment of the application of CEM III with exposed aggregate as an alternative to CEM I for road pavements
PublicationThe article presents a results of study on the impact of replacing CEM I SR3/NA by CEMIII/A LH/HSR/NAon the mechanical properties and durability of pavement concrete with exposed aggregate. Was used granite aggregate and washed sand. Water/cement () ratio in the tested concretes constituted 0.35 and 0.4 and part of the cement was replaced with a 5% addition of natural pozzolana – zeolite. Compressive strength tests were performed...
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Influence of Rock Dust Additives as Fine Aggregate Replacement on Properties of Cement Composites—A Review
PublicationConcrete production consumes enormous amounts of fossil fuels, raw materials, and is energy intensive. Therefore, scientific research is being conducted worldwide regarding the possibility of using by-products in the production of concrete. The objective is not only to identify substitutes for cement clinker, but also to identify materials that can be used as aggregate in mortar and concrete productions. Among the potential alternative...
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Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Concrete with Lightweight Aggregate
PublicationThe corrosion of the structure of concrete caused by the aggressive external environment is one of the main problems that can reduce the durability of buildings. The paper analyzes the influence of the type of component on selected properties of lightweight concrete (LWC) exposed to aggressive liquids. When lightweight concrete containing porous aggregates is used, the influence of an aggressive environment may be of particular...
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Micro-cracking pattern recognition of hybrid CNTs/GNPs cement pastes under three-point bending loading using acoustic emission technique
PublicationThe generation of microcracks has an important influence on the behaviour of concrete structures. In this study, the acoustic emission (AE) technique was used to investigate the fracture phenomena and micro-cracking behavior of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs, the 1-D allotrope of carbon atoms) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs, 2D monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms), cement composites under three-point bending loading. In...
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Machine-learning methods for estimating compressive strength of high-performance alkali-activated concrete
PublicationHigh-performance alkali-activated concrete (HP-AAC) is acknowledged as a cementless and environmentally friendly material. It has recently received a substantial amount of interest not only due to the potential it has for being used instead of ordinary concrete but also owing to the concerns associated with climate change, sustainability, reduction of CO2 emissions, and energy consumption. The characteristics and amounts of the...
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Active learning on stacked machine learning techniques for predicting compressive strength of alkali-activated ultra-high-performance concrete
PublicationConventional ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has excellent development potential. However, a significant quantity of CO2 is produced throughout the cement-making process, which is in contrary to the current worldwide trend of lowering emissions and conserving energy, thus restricting the further advancement of UHPC. Considering climate change and sustainability concerns, cementless, eco-friendly, alkali-activated UHPC (AA-UHPC)...
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Pavement ageing influence on tyre/road noise
PublicationRoad surface should be constructed in a way that ensures safe and comfortable traffic conditions, not only when it is newly paved but also during its entire lifetime. An important factor in the asphalt mixture design process is also the expected pavement durability and stability of pavement properties over time. In many countries, road surface starts to play a significant role in traffic noise reduction actions. Selecting a particular...
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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates
PublicationHigh requirements for the properties of construction materials and activities directed at environment protection are reasons to look for new solutions in concrete technology. This research was directed at solutions affecting the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The use of lightweight concretes (LWCs) allows one to meet both conditions at the same time. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublicationThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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The best porous asphalt pavement in Sweden so far
PublicationIn 2010 a double-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) pavement was constructed in various versions on the E4 motorway through the Swedish city Huskvarna. As a result of a court decision the Swedish Transport Administration had to reduce noise emission by applying a low noise road surface that would reduce A-weighted noise levels by 5 dB, as an average. Earlier experience in Sweden indicated that it was possible to obtain a high...
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Concrete mix design using machine learning
PublicationDesigning a concrete mix is a process of synthesizing many components, it is not a simple process and requires extensive technical knowledge. The design process itself focuses on obtaining the required strength of concrete. Very often designing a concrete mix takes into account the need to maintain the proper water-demand and frost-resistance features. The parameters that influence the concrete class most significantly are the...
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Tyre/road noise reduction by a poroelastic road surface
PublicationLow noise road surfaces of existing types may in favourable cases and in new conditions provide up to 7 dB of noise reduction. For higher noise reductions, innovative solutions must be sought. Poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) may be such a solution, which currently is studied in the EU project PERSUADE. This paper presents results of trials with a PERS version prefabricated by one of the project partners. Tests were made in a laboratory...
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Composite as a Material of the Future in the Era of Green Deal Implementation Strategies
PublicationComposite materials have become synonymous with modernity, desired in nearly every aspect of our daily lives, from simple everyday objects to sanitary facilities, pipelines, the construction of modern sewer networks, their renovation, water supply, and storage reservoirs, to complex structures—automotive, planes, and space science. Composites have seen a considerable rise in attention owing to their characteristics, durability,...
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Machine Learning Techniques in Concrete Mix Design
PublicationConcrete mix design is a complex and multistage process in which we try to find the best composition of ingredients to create good performing concrete. In contemporary literature, as well as in state-of-the-art corporate practice, there are some methods of concrete mix design, from which the most popular are methods derived from The Three Equation Method. One of the most important features of concrete is compressive strength, which...
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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING ABRAMS AND BOLOMEY METHODS
PublicationOne way to reduce the consumption of cement is to optimize its use. Many known methods of concrete design, based on the Abrams law and the Bolomey method. Therefore, the authors chose those methods for analysis. The concrete composition with the assumed strength class, calculated by any method differs significantly. This applies especially to the cement content, as its content in the composition of concrete varies from 20 to 50%....
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Proceedings of the fib Symposium 2019: Concrete - Innovations in Materials, Design and Structures 2019
PublicationDesigning a concrete mix is a process of synthesizing many components, it is not a simple process and requires extensive technical knowledge. The design process itself focuses on obtaining the required strength of concrete. Very often designing a concrete mix takes into account the need to maintain the proper water-demand and frost-resistance features. The parameters that influence the concrete class most significantly are the...
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Durability of Asphalt Concrete Subjected to Deteriorating Effects of Water and Frost
PublicationThe paper presents testing of the detrimental effects of water and frost on asphalt pavements. It included laboratory testing of 5 fatigue life of asphalt concrete that was subjected to action of water and frost and field testing of damages caused by water and frost on 6 existing asphalt pavements, such as stripping, raveling, and potholes. Laboratory simulation of water and frost action was based on the 7 original AASHTO T283...
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Remote sensing and photogrammetry techniques in diagnostics of concrete structures
PublicationRecently laser scanning technologies become widely used in many areas of the modern economy. In the following paper authors show a potential spectrum of use Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements. Based on modes of failure analysis of reinforcement concrete beam authors describe downsides and advantages of adaptation of terrestrial laser scanning to this purpose, moreover reveal under which...
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Corrosion behavior of concrete produced with diatomite and zeolite exposed to chlorides
PublicationChloride induced reinforcement corrosion is widely accepted to be the most frequent mechanism causing premature degradation of reinforced concrete structures. The electrochemical impedance of reinforcing steel in diatomite- and zeolite-containing concrete exposed to sodium chloride was assessed. Chemical, physical and mineralogical properties of three concrete samples (20% diatomite, 20% zeolite, and a reference containing neither)...
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Model-Based Adaptive Machine Learning Approach in Concrete Mix Design
PublicationConcrete mix design is one of the most critical issues in concrete technology. This process aims to create a concrete mix which helps deliver concrete with desired features and quality. Contemporary requirements for concrete concern not only its structural properties, but also increasingly its production process and environmental friendliness, forcing concrete producers to use both chemically and technologically complex concrete...
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Insight into the microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete: Cast versus printed specimens
PublicationThis study presents the comparison of microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) depending on its production method (printing or casting). Printed samples with different numbers of layers, as well as a cast specimen with an identical mix composition, were produced and compared, with their microstructural pore and solid characteristics quantitatively and qualitatively investigated. For this purpose,...
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Experiments and calibration of a bond-slip relation and efficiency factors for textile reinforcement in concrete
PublicationTextile reinforcement yarns consist of many filaments, which can slip relative each other. At modelling of the global structural behaviour, interfilament slip in the yarns, and slip between the yarns and the concrete can be considered by efficiency factors for the stiffness and strength of the yarns, and by applying a bond-slip relation between yarns and concrete. In this work, an effective and robust method for calibration of...
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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING SIMPLE EQUATIONS
PublicationThe behaviour of concrete, whether fresh or har dened, depends basically on the beha viour of its components and the r elationship between them, ther efore, obtaining a concr ete with cer tain pr operties depends fundamentally on the concr ete mix design. Concr ete mix design gener ally includes two main steps: 1-Selection of the main components suitable for the concr...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublicationThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Simple empirical formula to estimate the main geomechanical parameters of preplaced aggregate concrete and conventional concrete
PublicationPreplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) or two-stage concrete is a specific type of concrete successfully employed in many projects including underwater concrete structures, massive concrete structures, structures made of reinforced concrete, and improvement of concrete structures. PAC is significantly different than the conventional concrete. In this type of concrete, aggregates are initially poured into the mold, the voids between...
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Method for prediction of the frost resistance ability of air‐entrained concrete based on the 3D air void characteristics by x‐ray micro‐CT
PublicationIn modern construction, one of the most important factors in the execution of contracts is time. Standard procedures for assessing the frost resistance or concrete are usually very time-consuming and can take up to 40 days. The current paper is experimentally and practically oriented. It presents an alternative testing method, based on air void network, that allows to assess the frost resistance of concrete within just a few days...
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Computational Complexity and Its Influence on Predictive Capabilities of Machine Learning Models for Concrete Mix Design
PublicationThe design of concrete mixtures is crucial in concrete technology, aiming to produce concrete that meets specific quality and performance criteria. Modern standards require not only strength but also eco-friendliness and production efficiency. Based on the Three Equation Method, conventional mix design methods involve analytical and laboratory procedures but are insufficient for contemporary concrete technology, leading to overengineering...
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DESIGN ERRORS CAUSE AN EMERGENCY OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE TANK FOR COKE
PublicationThe quality of the developed design documentation and the maintenance of the technological regime during construction works have a decisive impact on the subsequent safety of the structure, as well as the safety of use of the building. The paper describes the defects and damages of an open, rectangular reinforced concrete tank for hot process water, which failed during a short period of operation. The article also presents the...
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Influence of stirrups in a concrete shell on strengthening reinforced concrete column
PublicationTwelve concrete columns, with a 150x150mm square section and three columns with a circular section (d=200mm), are tested to investigate the effect of strengthening by RC jacket. Based on a confined concrete model for axial static loading, an analytical methods, reported in the literature are proposed to predict the behavior of columns with RC jacket. The results support the conception that the effect of strengthening depends...
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Mechanical properties of two-stage concrete modified by silica fume
PublicationAbstract. Two-stage concretes, despite the fact that they have proven themselves in various types of construction, have not been studied to the same extent as traditional heavy concretes. Therefore, the article developed the composition of frame concrete with various additives in the composition of the cement-sand mortar. A comparison of the mechanical characteristics of the developed compositions with the addition of silica fume...
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Modelling reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublicationThe paper presents quasi-static numerical simulations of the behaviour of short reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement under mixed shear-tension failure using the FEM and four various constitutive continuum models for concrete. First, an isotropic elasto-plastic model with a Drucker-Prager criterion defined in compression and with a Rankine criterion defined in tension was used. Next, an anisotropic smeared crack...
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The Effect of Fly Ash Microspheres on the Pore Structure of Concrete
PublicationThe fly ash microspheres (FAMs) formed during the mineral transformation stage in coal combustion are hollow spherical particles with a density less than water. This paper presents the results of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and an automatic image analysis system of the porosity in the structure of hardened concrete with microspheres. Concrete mixtures with ordinary Portland cement and two substitution rates of cement by microspheres—5%...
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The lethal effect of hydrotechnical concrete on freshwater Bivalvia
PublicationMost hydrotechnical buildings under construction demand the concrete mixture to be set directly under water. The main reason for such a procedure is to limit the washing away of the the concrete binding mixture and to increase the efficiency of organisation of work so as to ensure continuity in concreting. The impact on the aquatic environment of recent developments in concrete technology and the use of new components has not yet...
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Properties of Old Concrete Built in the Former Leipziger Palace
PublicationThis research aims to determine the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of old concrete used in the former Leipziger Palace in Wrocław, Poland. The cylindrical specimens were taken from the basement concrete walls using a concrete core borehole diamond drill machine. The determination of the durability and strength of old concrete was based on specified chosen properties of the old concrete obtained through the following...
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Reinforced concrete thin wall dome after eighty years of operation in maritime climate environment
PublicationThe paper presents a description of the construction elements of the Gdynia Seaport main hall dome. Firstly, it provides information about the technical condition of the dome’s structure. Secondly, it examines the strength analysis of the thin-walled reinforced concrete dome covering. Throughout the last 80 years the building has been exposed to an unfavourable marine climate. The analysis of the state of stress and deformations...
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Size effect in concrete under splitting tension
PublicationThe size effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete materials. It denotes that both the nominal structural strength and material ductility always decrease with increasing element size under tension. In the paper splitting tensile tests on cylindrical concrete specimens with the different diameter were carried out. Two types of the loading strip (plywood board and steel cylinder) were used. The concrete strength and ductility...
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Chemical and Mechanical Properties of 70-Year-Old Concrete
PublicationThe aim of this research is to determine the durability and strength of concrete continuous footing based on the chosen mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the concrete. The presented investigations constitute some opinions from experts on the bearing capacity of concrete continuous footing and the possibilities of carrying additional loads and extended working life. The cylindrical specimens were taken from continuous...
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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Two-Stage Concrete and Conventional Concrete Using Nondestructive Tests
PublicationDifferent types of concrete mixtures are used as building materials. The manufacturing process of two-stage concrete (TSC) differs from that of conventional concrete. This study investigated conventional mechanical properties derive empirical relations for estimation of the mechanical parameters of TSC and conventional concrete mixtures. TSC was used to prepare 216 specimens and conventional concrete was used to prepare 108 specimens...
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Optimizing CO2 Purification in a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant
PublicationIn the pursuit of mitigating CO2 emissions, this study investigates the optimisation of CO2 purification within a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant using a spray ejector condenser (SEC) coupled with a separator. The approach involves direct-contact condensation of vapour, primarily composed of an inert gas (CO2), facilitated by a subcooled liquid spray. A comprehensive analysis is presented, employing a numerical model to simulate...
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Mesoscopic simulations of crack propagation in concrete using cohesive elements
PublicationThe paper presents results of two-and three-dimensional meso-scale simulations of fracture in notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending test. Concrete was assumed as a 3-phase material composed of aggregate grains placed in the cement matrix with Interfacial Transitional Zones (ITZs) between then. In 2D simulations macro-voids were also taken into account. The particle distribution was taken from real concrete beams...
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Self-compacting grout to produce two-stage concrete
PublicationTraditional concrete (TC) is primarily composed of a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water. TC is made by mixing together all the components before placing them. Using non-traditional concrete (two-stage concrete) to solve and to eliminate the problem of the aggregate segregation which appears in TC and in the self-compacting concrete. Two-stage concrete (TSC) consists of two main components, namely the grout...
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Self-compacting grout to produce two-stage concrete
PublicationTraditional concrete (TC) is primarily composed...
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Conventional and Alternative Sources of Thermal Energy in the Production of Cement—An Impact on CO2 Emission
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Experimental Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Lightweight Concrete
PublicationIn light of the scientific research, the corrosion of concrete structures is one of the main problems that may reduce their durability due to the negative impact of the natural environment. The paper analyzes the influence of the type of component on the selected properties of lightweight concrete subjected to the influence of aggressive liquids. Four concrete mixes were prepared with a granular aggregate made of foamed glass (GEGA)...
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Microcrack monitoring and fracture evolution of polyolefin and steel fibre concrete beams using integrated acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
PublicationThe use of polymer and steel fibres in plain concrete appears to be an excellent solution for limiting crack propagation and improving the post-ductility performance of concrete structures. Based on this premise, this study investigated the fracture evolution of polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) and steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens through the integrated application of two diagnostic techniques, acoustic...
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Shear resistance of low height precast concrete lintels
PublicationThe scope of the paper is to investigate analytically and determine experimentally the shear resistance of low height reinforced precast concrete lintels. The chosen procedures included in national and international standards applied for the design of structural concrete elements to an estimation of shear behaviour of reinforced concrete elements are described. The characteristic and designed shear strength of precast concrete...
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The Influence of the Aircraft Operating Fluids on the Mechanical Parameters of the Airport Surface Concrete
PublicationThe authors of the article assessed the impact of operating fluids used to service aircraft on changing mechanical parameters of cement concrete intended for airport pavement. The research concerned concrete designed with the use of CEM I 42.5N LH NA low-alkali cement, broken granite aggregate, fine washed aggregate, and admixtures. The analysis included the assessment of changes in dierences in endurance parameters over various...