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Search results for: ekonomia polityczna
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Parametrical Method for Determining Optimal Ship Carrying Capacity and Performance of Handling Equipment
PublicationThe paper presents a method of evaluating the optimal value of the cargo ships deadweight and the coupled optimal value of cargo handling capacity. The method may be useful at the stage of establishing the main owners requirements concerning the ship design parameters as well as for choosing a proper second hand ship for a given transportation task. The deadweight and the capacity are determined on the basis of a selected economic...
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Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations
PublicationEnvironmentally-friendly microwave heating is increasingly used in polymer chemistry and technology. The selectivity and highly efficiency in the heat transfer present a huge advantage in systems based on recycling, improving their productivity and economic competitiveness. In case of the industrial recycling of waste rubbers, especially end-of-life tires, microwave-induced devulcanization and pyrolysis are nowadays considered...
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The influence of the carbon equivalent on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy steel in the water environment
PublicationFrom many years, the high strength low alloy steels are often used for offshore constructions. This constructions, due to the environment in which they work, require more frequent repairs than the constructions from the land. For economic reasons, repairs take place in the underwater conditions, however water significantly decreases the weldability of steel. The paper presents the results of the CTS weldability test for S460ML...
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DESIGN THINKING ORIENTED METHODOLOGY IN GROUP PROJECT AS A STEP IN THE CDIO APPROACH
PublicationRecently much scientific research and industrial work is conducted in multidisciplinary teams, where cooperation between specialists from different areas of expertise is required in order to successfully address the challenging goals. Moreover, in start-up small companies the lack of supporting departments calls for additional multidisciplinary, economic and networking skills known as T-shaped personality. Recognizing these shortcomings...
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Changing patterns in export of goods versus international competitiveness. A comparative analysis for Central-East European countries in the period 2000-2011.
PublicationThis paper discusses the existing links between changing patterns in the export of goods, broken down by technology-intensity, versus intrenational competitiveness. The study covers nine Central-East European (CEE) economies: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic, in the time span 2000-2011. We examine the hypothesis of a strong, positive and statistically significant...
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Impact of the Manufacturing Sector on the Export Competitiveness of European Countries – a Spatial Panel Analysis
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to determine how changes in the export competitiveness of the EU economy (measured by exports and net exports) depend on changes in the competitiveness of processing industries, on the basis of manufacturing data from 19 EU countries over years 1995-2009 and using a spatial panel data model. The determinants of export competitiveness are selected in the light of predictions from international trade...
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Structural Heterogeneity Between EU15 and 12 New EU Members – the Obstacle to Lisbon Strategy Implementation
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify diversity between the EU-15 and the New Members in their implementation of the Lisbon Strategy in the period 2000-2010. By analyzing a set of structural indicators, we aim to fill a gap in the literature: a lack of publications providing complex evaluation of the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy using measurable indicators. Given their suitability for international comparisons, we use...
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Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure
PublicationResearch background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household...
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GVC and wage dispersion. Firm-level evidence from employee-employer database
PublicationResearch background: Wage inequalities are still part of an interesting policy-oriented research area. Given the developments in international trade models (heterogeneity of firms) and increasing availability of micro-level data, more and more attention is paid to wage differences observed within and be-tween firms. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to address the research gap concerning limited cross-country evidence...
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The role of the One-Belt One-Road initiative in China's exports and global value chains
PublicationResearch background: China is regarded as the “world factory” highly involved in international trade and plays an increasingly important role in the global value chains (GVC). Additionally, the “One-Belt One-Road” (OBOR) initiative was proposed by the Chinese government to further promote China in the international market. Purpose of the article: The article explores the role of the OBOR in China’s exports and global value...
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The atlas of inequality aversion: theory and empirical evidence on 55 countries from the Luxembourg Income Study database
PublicationResearch background: In the distributive analysis, the constant relative inequality aversion utility function is a standard tool for ethical judgements of income distributions. The sole parameter ε of this function expresses a society’s aversion to inequality. However, the profession has not committed to the range of ε. When assessing inequality and other welfare characteristics, analysts assume an arbitrary level of ε, common...
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Effect of the integration into Global Value Chains on the employment contract in Central and Eastern European countries
PublicationResearch background: In the era of globalization, there is a need to address decent work deficits in Global Value Chains (GVCs). The forms of working conditions reveal a broad dispersion of contents. The literature review exposes hardly any Europe-focused research assessing the socioeconomic impact of global production links and going beyond their pure economic effects assessed in terms of employment, productivity or wages. Purpose...
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Estimating the parameter of inequality aversion on the basis of a parametric distribution of incomes
PublicationResearch background: In applied welfare economics, the constant relative inequality aversion function is routinely used as the model of a social decisionmaker’s or a society’s preferences over income distributions. This function is entirely determined by the parameter, ε, of inequality aversion. However, there is no authoritative answer to the question of what the range of ε an analyst should select for empirical work. Purpose...
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Demographic Changes in Poland – The Regional Dimension
PublicationThe article notes that the ageing process does not occur uniformly across all Polish regions, i.e. at the same pace and with the same intensity. The results of studies indicating the regions being most vulnerable to the ageing of the regional community and the negative consequences of this process in the next two decades are presented.
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Forecasting of the Employment Rate in the EU ICT Field
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Catching-up and club convergence from cross-national perspective. A statistical study for the period 1980-2010
PublicationArtykuł o charakterze empirycznym, w którym podjęto analizę konwergencji 101 gospodarek świata pod względem poziomu PKB per capita. Analizę przeprowadzono dla lat 1980-2010. Dodatkowo, w ramach analizy empirycznej, zidentyfikowano tzw. kluby konwergencji ekonomicznej, tj. grupy krajów, które ''zbliżały się'' do siebie pod względem poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego w latach 1980-2010.
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Redefining The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Within Spatial Econometrics, The Case of the Scale Problem
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Interpretation of Structural Parameters for Models with Spatial Autoregression
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The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem – Analysis of Correlation and Regression
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Redefining the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Within Spatial Econometrics, the Case of the Aggregation Problem
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Can Inflation Forecast and Monetary Policy Path be Really Useful? The Case of the Czech Republic
PublicationProducing and revealing inflation forecast is belie ved to be the best way of implementing a forward-looking monetary policy. The article focuses on inflation forecast targeting (IFT) at the Czech National Bank (CNB) in terms of its efficiency in shaping consumers’ inflation expectations. The goal of the study is to verify the accuracy of the inflation forecasts, and their influence on inflation...
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Is There any Demand for the Workers Aged 50+ in Poland?
PublicationThe process of ageing affects all the European Union Member States, including Poland. According to forecasts by the Central Statistical Office, in 2035, the population of Poland will decrease in relation to 2010 by more than 2 million, and the share of people aged 50+ in the total population will increase from 34.8% to 46.6% (Prognoza ludności 2009). In the context of current and projected demographic changes, a discussion is taking...
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Systems of General Grants for Local Governments in Selected EU Countries Against the Background of the General Theory of Fiscal Policy
PublicationFiscal policy, including its expenditure aspect, is often discussed and analysed from a variety of angles in the literature on public finances, undoubtedly due to the major importance of this topic. However, not all areas of the expenditure part of fiscal policy have been subjected to in-depth analysis. One of the less discussed tools of fiscal policy consists of general purpose transfers, which are a certain type of expenditure...
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The forecasts-based instrument rule and decision making. How closely interlinked? The case of Sweden
PublicationResearch background: The Central Bank of Sweden declared in years 1999–2006 the implementation of the Svensson’s concept of inflation forecast targeting (IFT). It means that the repo rate decision-making process depends on the inflation forecasts. The concept evolved from the strict IFT with the decision-making algorithm called ‘the rule of thumb’ to the flexible IFT. Purpose of the article: The aim of...
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Financial markets diffusion patterns. The case of Mexican investment funds
PublicationExchange traded funds (ETFs) are one of the most influential financial innovations, reshaping the investment funds market in many countries, including Mexico. Due to their similar investment objectives, ETFs are considered substitutes for mutual funds. The aim of the article is to provide an in-depth insight into the issues associated with the development of financial markets in Mexico...
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Social convergence in Nordic countries at regional level
PublicationResearch background: Geographical proximity, common historical roots and collaboration within the Nordic Council cause the Nordic countries to be often wrongly treated as monoliths. However, in reality, Nordic regions differ in terms of broadly defined social and economic development. Issues concerning the standard of living are one of the priorities of the Helsinki Treaty signed by Nordic countries. Purpose of the article: The...
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Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors
PublicationResearch background: A strong industrial base is essential for achieving long-term sustainable economic growth and export competitiveness. In that sense, manufacturing remains a significant contributor to exports in the CEE countries. However, its role and its influence vary between CEE economies and change over time. Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to compare the determinants of the international competitiveness,...
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Exchange-traded products in Germany: development and substitution of exchange-traded funds, exchange-traded commodities and exchange-traded notes.
PublicationResearch background: Exchange-traded products (ETPs) are one of the most rapidly growing categories of financial products. Their fast development has been boosted by innovative features. Three main categories of ETPs are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs). ETCs and ETNs remain least known, even though their number on some stock exchanges is high. In Europe, Germany...
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Estimating inequality aversion from subjective assessments of the just noticeable differences in welfare
PublicationResearch background: In Economics, the concept of inequality aversion corresponds with the concept of risk aversion in the literature on making decision under uncertainty. The risk aversion is estimated on the basis of subjective reactions of people to various lottery prospects. In Economics, however, an efficient method of estimating inequality aversion has not been developed yet. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper...
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The condition of economies. Do most valuable global brands matter?
PublicationResearch background: Brands are considered to be the most valuable asset of a company. Some of them achieve spectacular global results. The significance of global brands is proved by the fact that their value is often greater than the sum of all company’s net assets. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to highlight that brand value does not only create company’s value, but also leverages economies. The Authors claim...
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Agent-based social network as a simulation of a market behaviour
PublicationRecent years and the outbreak of world's economic crisis in 2008 proved the crucial importance of reliable analysis of market dynamics. However, werarely apply models of proper detail level (the global prosperity forecast of 2007 can be seen as a grim proof). The behaviour of individuals and companies is far from being ideal and rational. Many claims that the economic paradigm of rational expectations (coming from J. Muth and R....
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Kadra zarządzająca a zaufanie do wymiaru sprawiedliwości
PublicationNa negatywny obraz wymiaru sprawiedliwości w Polsce wpływa wiele czynników, m.in. brak skutecznej reformy, niestosowanie zasad etycznych przez niektórych jego uczestników, brak efektywnej współpracy pomiędzy konstytucyjnymi organami zajmującymi się sądownictwem, a także brak dbałości o wizerunek. W przypadku pojedynczego sądu, za część negatywnych wizerunkowo przypadków obniżających społeczne zaufanie do sądów odpowiada jego kadra...
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Doświadczenia eksploatacyjne w zakresie wykorzystania biogazowych zespołów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalniach ścieków
PublicationWysoka energochłonność komunalnych oczyszczalni ścieków wymusza poszukiwanie alternatywnych zasobów i źródeł energii, które łączyłyby wymagania w zakresie energetyki, ekonomii i ekologii. Obciążeniem, ale i szansą dla tych obiektów jest produkcja biogazu w procesie fermentacji mezofilowej i wykorzystanie go jako paliwa do skojarzonej produkcji energii elektrycznej i ciepła. Pożądany efekt, jakim są ustabilizowane osady, zbiega...
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PRACA JAKO DOBRO INDYWIDUALNE I SPOŁECZNE
PublicationPracę definiuje się w różny sposób w zależności od przyjętego kryterium i dyscypliny naukowej, której jest ona przedmiotem badań. Może być traktowana jako źródło dochodów umożliwiających zaspokojenie potrzeb człowieka lub jako podstawowy czynnik produkcji wpływający na efektywność funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. Z punktu widzenia gospodarki praca stanowi jeden z głównych czynników wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego. Praca pełni...
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Household Ability of Expenditures on Electricity and Energy Resources in the Countries That Joined the EU after 2004
PublicationThe purpose of the following article is to present the situation of the energy market from a household perspective between 2010 and 2020 in selected EU countries (the group of member states which joined EU after 2004). The selected countries when joining the EU had similar economic indicators and to some extent were similar in other macro-economic situations (personal income, unemployment rate, GDP level and annual growth). This...
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Diversification of investment efficiency in selected economies
PublicationAn assessment of the effectiveness of investments is a key element of investment processes. In order to be comprehensive and exhaustive, it should go beyond the scope of the microeconomic assessment and take into account the macroeconomic calculation of effectiveness. The prerequisite for the effectiveness of investment decisions implemented by private companies is the maximization of the return on the investments. When attempting...
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Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities
PublicationContemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition...
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The Contemporary aspects of revitalization of the buildings and the port areas
PublicationPort cities are the forefront of globalization. The continued growth of international trade of goods and services has now played a major role in shaping the economic and social world. Strategies for mutual cooperation and follow-up between countries, cities and regions are increasingly complex. On the one hand it brings profits, on the other leads to destabilization and the need for transformation and constant modernization. Port...
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Regional Barriers and Stimuli of SMEs Development in Southern Poland
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Problemy wdrożenia zrównoważonej karty wyników w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
PublicationRozwój, rozumiany jako zachodzący w czasie proces pozytywnych zmian, warunkuje przetrwanie przedsiębiorstwa i prowadzącego je podmiotu w konkurencyjnym otoczeniu. Rozwój wymaga przyjęcia przez zarząd określonej strategii, która następnie musi zostać wdrożona. Jest to jedno z najtrudniejszych zadań jakie muszą wykonać menedżerowie. W realizacji tego zadania pomocna jest Zrównoważona Karta Wyników. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie...
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W kwestii rozważań o gospodarce opartej na wiedzy.
PublicationW artykule dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki gospodarki opartej na wiedzy,scharakteryzowano relacje między GOW a inwestycjami w kapitał ludzki, GOW a innowacjami oraz współzależności między rozwojem GOW a globalizacją.
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Rachunek kosztów kształcenia w procesie decyzyjnym na uczelni
PublicationPraca dotyczy zagadnień związanych z procesami decyzyjnymi w publicznych szkołach wyższych. Zwrócono uwagę na role kryteriów ekonomicznych, bazujących na rachunku kosztów, w zakresie realizacji procesu kształcenia. Podkreślono również znaczenie informacji pozafinansowej, potrzebnej w racjonalnym podejmowaniu decyzji.
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Rola stopy procentowej w decyzjach gospodarczych przedsiębiorstw
PublicationCelem opracowania jest zdefiniowanie pojęcia stopy procentowej oraz ukazanie jej znaczenia w gospodarce.
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Systemy finansowania opieki zdrowotnej na świecie na przykładzie wybranych państw
PublicationArtykuł traktuje o sposobach finansowania opieki zdrowotnej w USA, Kanadzie, Republice Federalnej Niemiec i na Ukrainie. Przedstawione zostały cztery różne systemy finansowe, począwszy od systemu opartego na zupełnie prywatnych i dobrowolnych ubezpieczeniach po system typowo budżetowy oparty na finansowaniu z kasy państwowej bez ubezpieczeń indywidualnych.
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Internacjonalizacja przedsiębiorstw w teorii - przydatność istniejących modeli dla MSP
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia modele internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw powstałe na przestrzeni wielu lat w krajach dzisiejszej Unii Europejskiej. Podejmuje próbę ich uporządkowania i ocenia przydatność dla MSP. Ponadto, zwraca uwagę na internacjonalizację polskich MSP oraz możliwość wykorzystania istniejących modeli do badań tego procesu w gospodarkach transformowanych.
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Przyczyny zagrożenia upadłością przedsiębiorstw
PublicationW artykule tym autor przedstawił klasyfikację przyczyn upadłości przedsiębiorstw. Przyczyny te udokumentowane są licznymi badaniami przeprowadzonymi w krajach gospodarki rynkowej. Autor podjął próbę przeanalizowania zjawiska upadłości w Polsce w okresie transformacji gospodarczej.
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Współpraca małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w sieciach
PublicationArtykuł zarysowuje ekonomiczne podstawy kooperacji małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w tak zwanych sieciach z punktu widzenia teorii kosztów transakcyjnych.
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Właściciel - menedżer małej firmy jako przedsiębiorca - wybrane zagadnienia badawcze
PublicationW artykule poruszona została problematyka związana z pojęciem oraz metodyka badania właścicieli małych firm, w nawiązaniu do teorii odnoszących się do przedsiębiorcy. Omówiono pojęcie przedsiębiorcy, zdefiniowano i sklasyfikowano właścicieli małych firm oraz określono obszary badawcze w badaniach dotyczących tych ostatnich.
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Konwergencja cen w Unii Europejskiej oraz w krajach kandydujących
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy kwestii zróżnicowania poziomu cen na terenie krajów Unii Europejskiej. Bada konwergencje cen w okresie 1992-2001 na podstawie indeksu poziomu cen obliczanego za pomocą parytetu siły nabywczej. Na tym tle ukazany został problem poziomu cen w krajach kandydujących w tym także w Polsce.
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Firmy developerskie na pierwotnym rynku nieruchomości handlowo-usługowych
PublicationArtykuł skupia się na przedstawieniu warunków funkcjonowania i udziału firm developerskich w rozwoju pierwotnych rynków nieruchomości handlowo-usługowych. Omówione zostały trzy segmenty: rynek powierzchni biurowych, handlowych oraz dystrybucyjnych. Stwierdzono, że podstawową rolę w tworzeniu polskiego rynku nieruchomości handlowo-usługowych odgrywają zagraniczne firmy developerskie, jednak obok niech coraz częściej pojawiają się...