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Incomplete Cross-Bonding in the MV Line. Experience from the Operation of MV Single Cable Lines
PublicationCable lines are one of the basic components of power systems. Medium and high voltage cables mainly comprise a metallic sheath, which is concentric to the main core conductor. There are several operating schemes of such cable lines, which differ in the place of earthing of sheaths and the possible use of the sheaths and/or conductors crossing. The sheaths cross-bonding is typically done in two places of one cable line section,...
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Design of thermal cutting table - welding technology and construction
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono pionierską pracę dyplomową stopnia inżynierskiego, wykonaną przez dwoje studentów Wydziału Mechanicznego Politechniki Gdańskiej zgodnie z systemem CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate). W ramach pracy studenci zaprojektowali stół do cięcia termicznego metali (rysunki i obliczenia wytrzymałościowe metodą elementów skończonych), opracowali technologię spawania stołu oraz samodzielnie go wykonali. Stół...
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Analysis of the design development of the sliding table saw spindles
PublicationProducers of sliding table saws constantly strive for improvement in sawing accuracy. One of the method is an upswing in a spindle behavior, since, it affects to a large degree sawing effects. The design development of sliding table saw spindles during the last quarter-century is presented. The spindle system of the modernized spindle of the sawing machine Fx550 is described.
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Zasilanie urządzeń sieci Ethernet przez kable transmisyjne
PublicationW roku 2003 komitet IEEE zatwierdził standard 802.3af (PoE) specyfikujący zasady zasilania urządzeń końcowych przez standardowe kable ethernetowe. W roku 2008 ma zostać zatwierdzona nowa wersja PoE, tzw. PoE Plus (IEEE 802.3at). W pracy omówiono zasady zasilania urządzeń proponowane w standardzie PoE, wskazano na ograniczenia wprowadzone przez IEEE 802.3af, przedstawiono podstawowe rozszerzenia proponowane w nowym rozwiązaniu PoE...
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Semantic Driven Table Understanding in Born-Digital Documents
PublicationThis paper presents a new approach to table understanding, suitable for born-digital PDF documents. Advance beyond the current state of the art in table understanding is provided by the proposed reverse MVC method, which takes advantage of only partial logic structure loss (degradation) in born-digital PDF documents, as opposed to unrecoverable loss (deterioration) taking place in scan based PDF documents.
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Technology of infrared radiation polarizer
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Damage Analysis of Tensioning Cable Anchorage Zone of a Bridge Superstructure, Using CDP Abaqus Material Model
PublicationNumerical analysis of the tensioning cables anchorage zone of a bridge superstructure is presented in this paper. It aims to identify why severe concrete cracking occurs during the tensioning process in the vicinity of anchor heads. In order to simulate the tensioning, among others, a so-called local numerical model of a section of the bridge superstructure was created in the Abaqus Finite Element Method (FEM) environment. The...
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Motor Cable Influence on the Conducted EMI Emission of the Converter Fed AC Motor Drive. - Vol. 1
PublicationInvestigation of conducted electromagnetic interference in AC motor drives fed by pulse width modulated voltage converters requires considering parasitic capacitances in converters, motor windings and feeding cables to be taken into account. Motor voltage transients and related conducted electromagnetic emission are significantly correlated with resonance effects occurring in load circuits. The levels of intensity of these phenomena...
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Span's low damped vibrations and vibration's damping by modal disparity inducted by cable stays temporal addition
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono problem obecności słabo tłumionych drgań przęseł mostów wraz z metodą ich aktywnego tłumienia. Badania przeprowadzono korzystając z analizy numerycznej. Analizowany mechanizm zamodelowano korzystając z metody elementów skończonych. W praco przedstawiono zwarty opis wykorzystanej metody. Następnie, zbudowano dwa alternatywne modele, różniące się liczbą odciągów usztywniających przęsło. Wyznaczono postaci i...
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Pounding mitigation of a short-span cable-stayed bridge using a new hybrid passive control system
PublicationThis paper investigates the effectiveness of a new hybrid passive control system on the seismic response of an existing steel cable-stayed bridge considering the pounding effect. The proposed hybrid passive control system comprises a seismic isolator and a metallic damper. The bridge is located in a high seismic zone and has suffered several damages including the earthquake-induced pounding damage during the 1988 earthquake....
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Theoretical study of the finite amplitude waves interaction problem for multielement radiating array.
PublicationPrzedstawiono model matematyczny i wyniki badań teoretycznych zjawiska oddziaływań fal dla źródeł biharmonicznych. Rozpatrzono dwie konfiguracje źródła. Model matematyczny zbudowano w oparciu o równanie KZK dla źródeł bez osiowej symetrii. Analizowano zmiany ciśnienia fal różnych częstotliwości w obrębie wiązki akustycznej.
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Estimation of Stresses in a Dry Sand Layer Tested on Shaking Table
PublicationTheoretical analysis of shaking table experiments, simulating earthquake response of a dry sand layer, is presented. The aim of such experiments is to study seismic-induced compaction of soil and resulting settlements. In order to determine the soil compaction, the cyclic stresses and strains should be calculated first. These stresses are caused by the cyclic horizontal acceleration at the base of soil layer, so it is important...
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Simple model of rain wind induced vibrations of stayed cables.
PublicationAnalizowano prosty, liniowy model drgań kabli mostów wantowych pod obciążeniem wiatrem i deszczem. Zakłada się, iż częstotliwość ruchu górnej kropli po powierzchni kabla i częstotliwość kabla są równe oraz iż amplituda ruchu kropli dla danej prędkości wiatru są stałe. Otrzymane rezultaty są porównane z istniejącymi w literaturze wynikami badań eksperymentalnych. Podaje się analityczne związki służące do oszacowania tłumienia...
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Standardy zasilania urządzeń sieci ethernetowych przez kable transmisyjne
PublicationW pracy wskazano na problemy zasilania urzadzeń sieciowych, w szczególności konieczność budowania dedykowanych systemów zasilających. Przedstawiono standard IEEE 802.3af (komercyjna nazwa - Power over Ethernet (PoE))specyfikujący zasady zasilania urządzeń końcowych przez standardowe kable ethernetowe. Omówiono zasady zasilania urzdzeń proponowane w standardzie PoE, wskazano na ograniczenia wprowadzone przez IEEE 802.3af, zaprezentowano...
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Shaking table experimental study on structural pounding during earthquakes
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia wyniki badań eksperymentalnych przeprowadzonych na stole wstrząsowym dotyczące zachowania się kolidujących ze sobą modeli konstrukcji podczas trzęsień ziemi. Wyniki te pokazują, iż zderzenia mogą prowadzić do znacznego wzrostu odpowiedzi konstrukcji, ale mogą mieć również pozytywny wpływ i częściowo wytłumić drgania. Ponadto, wyniki badań wskazują na istotny wpływ rodzaju materiału, z którego wykonane są elementy...
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Problems of Connecting Wind Farms to the Power System with HV Cables
PublicationThis paper presents problems caused by connecting wind farms to a power system with high voltage cables. The author highlights possible problems with reactive power compensation, depending on the arrangement of the shunt reactor connection and settings of control systems for reactive power and voltage of the wind farm. The paper also discusses issues of increasing active power losses caused by a shunt reactor installation.
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Physical effects of radiation processes in poly(aliphatic/aromatic-ester)s modified with e-beam radiation
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Probing Radiation Damage at the Molecular Level
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Recombination radiation from organic solids.
PublicationW pracy dokonano przeglądu mechanizmów rekombinacji ładunku w organicznych diodach elektroluminescencyjnych. W szczególności omówiono powstawanie ekscymerów i elektromerów w układach jednoskładnikowych oraz ekscypleksów i elektropleksów w układachwieloskładnikowych.
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Microwave radiation in the synthesis of urethane prepolymers
PublicationThis paper describes the use of microwave radiation in the synthesis of urethane prepolymers in bulk (without solvent). The prepolymers were synthesized using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and poly (ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL) at a molar ratio of 4:1. The reaction was carried out without a catalyst in the reactor with a conventional heating system (oil bath) or in the microwave reactor (MW Reactor NOVA 09) at temperatures...
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Waves in a short cable at low frequencies, or just hand-waving? What does physics say? (Invited paper)
PublicationWe address the question of low-frequency signals in a short cable, which are often considered as waves in engineering calculations. Such an assumption violates several laws of physics, but exact calculations can be carried out via linear network theory.
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Fabrication and characterization of a TiBs@MCN cable-like photocatalyst with high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation
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Induced Sheath Voltages In 110 Kv Power Cables – Case Study
PublicationThe paper considers shock hazard due to induced sheath voltages in 110 kV power cables. Various configurations of the metallic sheaths bonding and earthing (single-point bonding, both-ends bonding, cross-bonding) are analysed. Taking into account shock hazard and ability of the system to power transfer an optimal configuration is proposed.
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Induced sheath voltages in 110 kV power cables – case study
PublicationThis paper considers electric shock hazard due to induced sheath voltages in 110 kV power cables. The purpose of this paper is to find an optimal configuration of the power cable system, taking into account electric shock hazard and ability of the system to transfer maximal power. A computer simulations on a computer model of the local power system, comprising high voltage power cables, were carried out. This model enables to analyse...
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Experimental dynamic study on a timber-frame house using shaking table
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental study concerning the behaviour of the model of the timber-frame house under earthquake excitation and impact loading. In order to determine the basic dynamic properties of the undamaged structure, the free vibration and the sweep-sine tests were first conducted. Then, the model was excited using the time history record of the El Centro earthquake of...
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Standardy zasilania sieci ethernetowych przez kable transmisyjne - rozwój PoE
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono rozwój koncepcji zasilania urzadzeń sieciowych przez standardowe kable ethernetowe, w szczególnosci opisano standard IEEE 802.3at. Zanalizowano również zastosowania i perspektywy rozwoju rozwišzań ethernetowych w domach prywatnych i przemyśle.
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Diagnosis of Damage in a Steel Tank Model by Shaking Table Harmonic Tests
PublicationThe aim of the present paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental study concerning the diagnosis of damage in a model of cylindrical steel tank with self-supported roof which is filled with liquid. During the tests, the base of the structure was excited under the harmonic loading with variable frequency. The tests were repeated for different stages of damage, which was introduced in the model by easing the bolts...
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Diagnosis of Damage in a Steel Tank Model by Shaking Table Harmonic Tests
PublicationDiagnosis of damage in civil engineering structures has recently become an important issue in the safety assessment procedure. Among a number of different approaches, a method of measuring the changes in natural frequencies is one of the most effective indicators of global damage. It has been successfully applied to relatively small. structures, however, the tests on large structures are very difficult and the practical application...
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The Effect of Protrusions on the Initiation of Partial Discharges in XLPE High Voltage Cables
PublicationThis paper is focusing on 3D Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) based modelling of protrusions as defects or imperfections in the XLPE high voltage cable. This study is aiming to examine the impact protrusions have on the initiation of partial discharges. Spherical and ellipsoidal protrusions with different sizes at the conductor screen of the high voltage cable is an essential content of this paper. In addition, a spherical gas-filled...
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Numerical Analysis of TB32 Crash Tests for 4-cable Guardrail Barrier System Installed on the Horizontal Convex Curves of Road
PublicationHorizontal curves are one of the elements of road infrastructure where statistically a relatively high number of accidents have been reported. In the last ten years in Poland approx. 10% of all road accidents happened on horizontal curves of roads and was responsible for approx. 14% of all fatalities on Polish roads. Thus, this issue is important and requires extensive research and proper road safety treatments. One possible measure...
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Dressing method in matter + radiation quantum models
PublicationRozważane są modele typu Dicka i Jaynes-Cummings'a, i obliczono widmo zaburzonego modelu Dicka. Wyprowadzono równania łańcuchowe ubierania.
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Hydrophilicity of TiO2 exposed to UV and VIS radiation
PublicationPo raz pierwszy cienka warstwa TiO2 znajdująca się na powierzchni Pilkington Glass AktivTM została poddana modyfikacji za pomocą amoniaku, tiomocznika i mocznika w celu przesunięcia widma absorpcji w kierunku światła widzialnego. Kąty zwilżania dla wody płytek szklanych Pilkington zostały zmierzone dla próbki niezmodyfikowanej i zmodyfikowanej, która odznaczała się zauważalnym przesunięciem spektrum absorpcyjnego w kierunku VIS.
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Conventional and unconventional yeasts able to grow on rapeseed meal hydrolysates
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Radiation Therapy-Related Changes in Serum Proteome Patterns Are Affected by Medium Doses of Radiation Delivered to Large Volumes of Normal Tissue
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Effect of soil moisture on current-carrying capacity of low-voltage power cables
PublicationOne of the factors affecting current-carrying capacity of underground power cables is the thermal resistivity of soil. Its value in the close proximity of the cable is the most important, and for this reason, in some cases, the local soil is replaced with an another soil type or with a cement-sand mixture. The thermal resistivity of the soil is strongly affected by moisture, and in the case of a cement-sand mixture – as tested...
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Shaking table experimental study on diagnosis of damage and its evaluation in steel structure
PublicationCelem artykułu jest pokazanie wyników badań eksperymentalnych przeprowadzonych na stole sejsmicznym dotyczących identyfikacji uszkodzeń modelu dwukondygnacyjnej konstrukcji stalowej. Uszkodzenie zdefiniowano poprzez spadek sztywności i symulowano poprzez zamianę słupów modelu na elementy o mniejszym przekroju poprzecznym. Wyniki badań pokazują charakterystyczny spadek wartości naturalnych częstotliwości konstrukcji wraz ze wzrostem...
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Shaking table experimental study on the effectiveness of polymer bearings for seismic isolation of structures
PublicationSeismic isolation has been recognised to be a very effective way of protecting structures from damage during earthquakes. It allows us to extend the natural period of the structure and therefore avoid resonance with the ground motion. Moreover, by increasing damping in the isolation devices, more energy can be dissipated and thus the structural response can be further reduced. The aim of this paper is to show the results of the...
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Shaking table experimental study on models of steel buildings with different types of joints
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to study the response of models of steel buildings with destroyed and non-destroyed joints. The study was conducted experimentally using the shaking table tests. Two steel models were considered. Several types of joints were taken into account: totally destroyed joints, partially destroyed joints, welded joints and joints stiffened with additional metal. Six ground motions were taken into account. The acceleration...
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Impact of configuration of earth continuity conductor on induced sheath voltages in power cables
PublicationIn high voltage power cable systems a problem of induced sheath voltages exist. Due to these voltages electric shock and damage of non-metallic outer sheath of the cables may occur. Exposure to voltage of the outer sheath may be very high in case of earth fault with high value of earth current. In order to reduce induced sheath voltages an earth continuity conductor (conductors) along power cables is applied. Configuration of this...
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Optimization of thermal backfill configurations for desired high-voltage power cables ampacity
PublicationThe ampacity of high-voltage power cables depends, among others, on their core cross-sectional area as well as thermal resistivity of the thermal backfill surrounding the cables. The cross-sectional area of the power cables’ core is selected according to the expected power to be transferred via the cable system. Usually, the higher the power transfer required, the higher the cross-sectional area of the core. However, the cost of...
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Inception and Propagation of Electrical Trees in the Presence of Space Charge in HVAC Extruded Cables
PublicationThis paper presents the space charge impact on the inception and propagation of electrical trees in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation via simulations and experimentation. A 3D finite element analysis (FEA)-based modeling is proposed to simulate electrical trees via a needle embedded on the XLPE insulation. The proposed FEA model demonstrates the influence of the space charge magnitude and polarity on the initiation of...
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The Design Development of the Sliding Table Saw Towards Improving Its Dynamic Properties
PublicationCutting wood with circular saws is a popular machining operation in the woodworking and furniture industries. In the latter sliding table saws (panel saws) are commonly used for cutting of medium density fiberboards (MDF), high density fiberboards (HDF), laminate veneer lumber (LVL), plywood and chipboards of different structures. The most demanded requirements for machine tools are accuracy and precision, which mainly depend on...
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Ceramics, Glass and Glass-Ceramics for Personal Radiation Detectors
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Application of ionizing radiation in decomposition of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in waters
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Fatigue and burnout in police officers: the mediating role of emotions
PublicationPurpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient...
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Gold nanoparticles and their coatings, their effect on cells and their interaction with radiation
PublicationTwo nanometre gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), bearing sugar moieties and/or polyethylene glycolamine (PEG-amine), were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro toxicity and ability to radiosensitise cells with 220 kV and 6 MV X-rays, using four cell lines representing normal and cancerous skin and breast tissues. In addition to the observed intrinsic cancer-selective chemotoxicity, these AuNPs acted as radiosensitisers in combination with...
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Analysis of the radiation dose in UV-disinfection flow reactors.
PublicationTheoretical considerations devoted to the variation of UV radiation doses in flow disinfection reactors are presented. The minimal time required by the fluid to pass the reactor was determined and combined with the radiation intensity. The active zones of the reactor were determined.
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Analysis of passenger car crash with a cable barrier installed with anti-glare screens on a horizontal convex road curve with 400 m radius
PublicationHigh-tension cable barriers have been used on roads for a relatively short period compared with other types of road barriers. Hence, there remains a need for further research on various crash scenarios. An important issue is the performance of a cable barrier on a road curve, particularly when a vehicle impacts the convex side of the barrier. To address this issue, the analysis in this study considers a system of anti-glare screens...
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CFD-based evaluation of current-carrying capacity of power cables installed in free air
PublicationEvaluation of current-carrying capacity of power cables and selection of cross-sectional area of their conductors are mainly performed in accordance with requirements of EN, IEC or IEEE standards. However, these standards do not provide all methods of cables installation and location which occur in practice. Thus, in some cases, performance of advanced modeling of various thermal phenomena, affecting power cables current-carrying...
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Impact of thermal backfill parameters on current-carrying capacity of power cables installed in the ground
PublicationProper design of power installations with the participation of power cables buried in homogeneous and thermally well-conductive ground does not constitute a major problem. The situation changes when the ground is non-homogeneous and thermally low-conductive. In such a situation, a thermal backfill near the cables is commonly used. The optimization of thermal backfill parameters to achieve the highest possible current-carrying capacity...