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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LAW.
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Tax law[w:] Polish Financial Law. Law: The Basic Concepts,
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Ways of Harmonising Polish Competition Law with the Competition Law of the EU
PublikacjaThis article discusses the harmonisation of laws within the EU focusing on the specific ways of achieving an approximation of the Polish legal system with European competition law. It identifies and gives an overview of three specific ways of harmonising national laws with EU antitrust provisions: (1) spontaneous (or bottom-up) harmonisation; (2) judicial harmonisation and; (3) legislative harmonisation by means of EU Directives....
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In Defence of International Law, or Szymon Rundstein’s Idea of the Law of Nations
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Chinese Law Research Guide
PublikacjaA journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. This Research Guide will be the first step in your journey with Chinese law. China grows more important every day from a global perspective. However, studying and conducting research on Chinese law can be extremely challenging, especially if you do not know Mandarin well. This book is intended as a compact but comprehensive research guide that would provide students (especially...
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On some extensions of Murray's Law
PublikacjaThis paper cites the original Murray's law about optimal radii.Extensions to some class of non-newtonian flows that aredescribedby Ostwalda-de Waele model and newtonian flows foreliptical crosssections. A generalisation of Murray's law formultiobjectiveformulation is also given. It is shown that theoriginal formulation of optimal condition is a particular case ofmultiobjective formulation.
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Law regulation in Poland related to biofuels
PublikacjaThe situation in the area of using biofuels in transport mostly the law aspects was presented and discussed. In Poland there are various legal issues with biofuel production, examination and use. These include among the others: quality inspection, production costs and market prices of biofuels, forms of public and legal service for biofuel producers or programs of biofuels promotion. In order to popularise biofuels it is significant...
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Relations between law, authority, and trust
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono relacje pomiędzy prawem, autorytetem i zaufaniem. Zwrócono uwagę, że prawo, a głównie jego egzekwowanie wynika z przymusu państwowego. Pozostałe natomiast kategorie są kształtowane przez inne czynniki. Rozważania mają charakter filozoficzny.
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Reforms of Polish Antitrust Law: Closer to, or Further From, the European Model? Journal of European Competition Law and Practice
PublikacjaThe Polish Act on the Protection of Competition and Consumers has been recently amended. Changes include the introduction of a two-phase based merger control, a more efficient leniency program, and the administrative liability of individuals involved in antitrust agreements.
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The law of the Iterated Logarithm for random interval homeomorphisms
PublikacjaA proof of the law of the iterated logarithm for random homeomorphisms of the interval is given.
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Information Systems, Business and Law - Lessons Learnt
PublikacjaReferat prezentuje badania na styku wytwarzania systemów informatycznych, procesów biznesowych i powiązanych z nimi regulacji prawnych. Zawiera on opis doświadczeń wynikających z zastosowania zintegrowanej metody analizy technicznej i prawnej podczas wytwarzania systemu ochrony własności intelektualnej. Przedstawione doświadczenia i powiązane analizy mogą być przydatne podczas tworzenia taksonomii zagadnień na styku systemów informatycznych,...
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On efficient collaboration between lawyers and software engineers when transforming legal regulations to law-related requirements
PublikacjaAby zapewnić zgodność systemów informatycznych z prawem, konieczna jest współpraca pomiędzy prawnikami a informatykami. W referacie przedstawiono opis problemów dotyczących przekształcania przepisów prawa na wymagania względem systemu z perspektywy prawnika i informatyka. Zaprezentowano również ideę przestrzeni wspólnych informacji umożliwiających efektywną współpracę oraz proces, który integruje analizę wymagań wynikających z...
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Recycling of waste tires in the light of binding law in Poland
PublikacjaA risings of large quantities of used rubber products, especially used tires has been increasing every year in Poland, in 2006 it was 160 thousand. The waste management and recycling of used tires become a major environmental problem. Well known methods of utilization of used tires are presented in this article. The main problem is ignorance of the law by tyre manufactures and users. In Poland first act on waste introduces ban...
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Entanglement in Hooke’s Law Atoms: an Effect of the Dimensionality of the Space
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Elastoplastic law of Cosserat type in shell theory with drilling rotation
PublikacjaWithin the framework of six-parameter non-linear shell theory, with strain measures of the Cosserat type, we develop small-strain J2-type elastoplastic constitutive relations. The relations are obtained from the Cosserat plane stress relations assumed in each shell layer, by through-the-thickness integration employing the first-order shear theory. The formulation allows for unlimited translations and rotations. The constitutive...
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Polish and Chinese civil law perspectives on the principle of good faith
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Law requirements of explosion proof protection at working with chemical substances
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Elastoplastic material law in 6-parameter nonlinear shell theory
PublikacjaWe develop the elastoplastic constitutive relations for nonlinear exact 6-parameter shell theory. A J2-type theory with strain hardening is formulated that takes into account asymmetric membrane strain measures. The incremental equations are solved using implicit Euler scheme with closest point projection algorithm. The presented test example shows the correctness of the proposed approach. Influence of micropolar material parameters...
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Bankruptcy Law Severity for Debtors: Comparative Analysis Among Selected Countries
PublikacjaPurpose: The objective of this paper is to propose the new indicator of bankruptcy law severity for debtors (BLSI-Bankruptcy Law Severity Index). On the basis of this index we conducted comparative analysis of debtor/creditor friendliness of bankruptcy laws among 27 selected countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the research the following methods were used: analysis of legal acts, literature review and expert method. Findings:...
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Generalization of Kramers-Krönig relations for evaluation of causality in power-law media
PublikacjaClassical Kramers-Krönig (K–K) relations connect real and imaginary parts of the frequency-domain response of a system. The K–K relations also hold between the logarithm of modulus and the argument of the response, e.g. between the attenuation and the phase shift of a solution to a wave-propagation problem. For square-integrable functions of frequency, the satisfaction of classical K–K relations implies causality in the time domain....
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Law of Nature as Justification for Reforms. Polish Political Thought in the Eighteenth Century
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Law regulations against physical calculations - problems in water and sewage management
PublikacjaW pracy zostały opisane przykłady trzech typów problemów w zakresie gospodarki wodno-ściekowej, z jakimi można spotkać się w związku z wejściem w życie przepisów uwzględniających obowiązujące w tej dziedzinie dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej. Są to m.in. problemy ze zbyt szeroką możliwością interpretacji pewnych zapisów, problemy związane z nieuwzględnianiem w przepisach praw fizyki, a także brak ustawowej regulacji pewnych zagadnień.
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Regulatory approach to competition law in the practice of the Polish Competition Authority – critical assessment
PublikacjaThe text provides a critical analysis of the Polish practice of using competition law provisions as regulation provisions
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Performance Analysis of the "Intelligent" Kirchhoff- Law - Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange
PublikacjaThe Kirchhoff-law - Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution system provides a way of exchanging theoretically secure keys by measuring random voltage and current through the wire connecting two different resistors at Alice’s and Bob’s ends. Recently new advanced protocols for the KLJN method have been proposed with enhanced performance. In this paper, we analyze the KLJN system and compare with the „intelligent” KLJN (iKLJN)...
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A constitutive law for concrete with smooth transition from continuous into discontinuous cracks’ description
PublikacjaPaper presents a constitutive model for concrete that combines a continuous and discontinuous crack’s description to simulate the concrete under tensile dominated loads. In a continuum regime, two different constitutive laws were used. First, a plasticity model with the Rankine failure criterion and an associated flow rule was used. Second, a constitutive law based on isotropic damage mechanics was formulated. Both model alternatives...
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The exponential law for partial, local and proper maps and its application to otopy theory
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Legislative and criminal law aspects of water protection and prevention of pharmaceuticals accumulation in nature
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Legislation and Practice of Selected State Aid Issues, According to EU and Polish Law
PublikacjaThe dataset encompasses several tables, each consisting of three elements: legislation, jurisprudence and scientific articles on numerous subjects and economic activities receiving public financial support in the form of state aid instruments. The set includes a subjective list of the most commonly used and/or disputable examples of granting aid, such as for (local) airports and airlines, steel production, shipyards, and coalmines....
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A non local hypoplastic constitutive law to describe shear localization in granular bodies.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy formacji stref ścinania w materiale granulowanym podczas ściskania. Zachowanie suchego piasku podczas testów ściskania w płaskim stanie odkształcenia było analizowane z zastosowaniem metody elementów skończonych i nielokalnego hipoplastycznego prawa konstytutywnego. Podczas obliczeń numerycznych zwrócono szczególną uwagę na wpływ długości charakterystycznej na nośność i szerokość...
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The consequences of applying a new Polish Water Law Act for protection against urban flooding
PublikacjaPrevious legal regulations did not create conditions for a comprehensive solution to the problems of the urban melioration complex. For over 20 years, urban flooding caused by atmospheric precipitation has been systematically recurring in Poland. The article was elaborated on the experience resulting from the 2001 and 2016 floods in Gdansk (Poland). The newly adopted Water Law Act creates a foundation for a systemic solution...
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Shear-Jamming in Two-Dimensional Granular Materials with Power-Law Grain-Size Distribution
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Revalorisation of the Szewalski’s concept of the law of varying the last-stage blade retraction in a gas-steam turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents the implementations of the free vortex law to the blade of the last stage of a gas-steam turbine. First, a thermodynamic analysis was carried out, determining the parameters at the inlet, then the number of stages of the high and low-pressure part of the turbine was constructed, together with the kinematics and velocity vectors for subsequent stages of the axial turbine. The last step of article was to take...
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Analiza przestępstwa niealimentacji w prawie polskim. Analysis of the crime of non-alimentation in Polish law.
PublikacjaPrzedmiotowa monografia (składająca się ze wstępu, ośmiu rozdziałów oraz zakończenia) dokonuje analizy zagadnienia przestępstwa niealimentacji w prawie polskim, zarówno w aspekcie historycznym, jak i w zakresie obecnie...
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Anomalous diffraction approach to the visible spectra of absorption by marine particles with power-law size distributions
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The Death Penalty, the “Marriage Penalty” and Some Remarks on the Utility of Senecan Research in the Study of Roman Law
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Regulations for unmanned aerial vehicle flights in Poland and other European countries – an analysis of the applicable law
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Numerical Analysis of Mice Carotid Arteries’ Response Emphasizing the Importance of Material Law Constants’ Validation
PublikacjaIn this paper, a detailed validation of the passive material properties of mice carotid arteries and constants of the Fung and Holzapfel hyperelastic material laws is conducted by means of static nonlinear FEM analyses. The response of the carotid arteries in an inflation test is studied here for the following mouse models: wild-type, mdx, sgcd−/−, Eln+/+, Eln+/−, Fbln5+/+, and Fbln5−/−. All FEM computations are conducted on models...
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A la recherche d’une coherence perdue – Possible Arguments for the Non-application of EU Law in Member States
PublikacjaThe European Union (EU) is an international organization which has a broad scope of competences that have been transferred to it by its Member States in the founding Treaties. The object of the article is to identify arguments raised, or that potentially might be raised, by national Constitutional Courts (and in the future possibly by other actors as well) to exclude in certain instances the application of EU law or EU jurisprudence...
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Computational analysis of power-law fluids for convective heat transfer in permeable enclosures using Darcy effects
PublikacjaNatural convection is a complex environmental phenomenon that typically occurs in engineering settings in porous structures. Shear thinning or shear thickening fuids are characteristics of power-law fuids, which are non-Newtonian in nature and fnd wide-ranging uses in various industrial processes. Non-Newtonian fuid fow in porous media is a difcult problem with important consequences for energy systems and heat transfer. In this...
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Anomalous diffraction approximation to the light scattering coefficient spectra of marine particles with power-law size distribution
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A policy view: gaps and weaknesses of substitution between biological products in law and economics dimension: the example of insulin
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Sensitive Demonstration of the Twin-Core Couplers including Kerr Law Non-Linearity via Beta Derivative Evolution
PublikacjaTo obtain new solitary wave solutions for non-linear directional couplers using optical meta-materials, a new extended direct algebraic technique (EDAT) is used. This model investigates solitary wave propagation inside a fiber. As a result, twin couplers are the subject of this study. Kerr law is the sort of non-linearity addressed there. Because it offers solutions to problems with large tails or infinite fluctuations, the resulting...
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Multiple group membership and collective actions of opinion-based internet groups: The case of protests against abortion law restriction in Poland
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Analysis of an Attenuator Artifact in an Experimental Attack by Gunn–Allison–Abbott Against the Kirchhoff-Law–Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Secure Key Exchange System
PublikacjaA recent paper by Gunn–Allison–Abbott (GAA) [L. J. Gunn et al., Scientific Reports 4 (2014) 6461] argued that the Kirchhoff-law–Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system could experience a severe information leak. Here we refute their results and demonstrate that GAA’s arguments ensue from a serious design flaw in their system. Specifically, an attenuator broke the single Kirchhoff-loop into two coupled loops, which is an...
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A novel one-variable first-order shear deformation theory for biaxial buckling of a size-dependent plate based on Eringen’s nonlocal differential law
PublikacjaPurpose – This paper aims to present a new one-variable first-order shear deformation theory (OVFSDT) using nonlocal elasticity concepts for buckling of graphene sheets. Design/methodology/approach – The FSDT had errors in its assumptions owing to the assumption of constant shear stress distribution along the thickness of the plate, even though by using the shear correction factor (SCF), it has been slightly corrected, the errors...
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Second law analysis of a 3D magnetic buoyancy-driven flow of hybrid nanofluid inside a wavy cubical cavity partially filled with porous layer and non-Newtonian layer
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Chronione i zagrożone grzyby wielkoowocnikowe (macromycetes) Trójmiejskiego Parku Krajobrazowego (Pomorze Gdańskie) = Threatened and procected by law species of macromycetes in Trójmiejski Landscape Park (Gdańskie Pomerania)
PublikacjaArtykuł zawiera opis rzadkich gatunków grzybów wielkoowocnikowych, stwierdzonych w TPK, które znajdują się na "czerwonej liście makrogrzybów" oraz otrzymały status organizmów pod ochroną ścisłą i częściową. Wyszczególniono łącznie 61 gatunków, spośród których 1 gatunek jest traktowany jako wymarły w Polsce (Ex), 7 jest wymierających (E), 18 narażonych na wymarcie (V), 20 rzadkich (R), a 15 posiada nieokreślony status zagrożenia....
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Glosa aprobująca do wyroku Izby Karnej Sądu Najwyższego z 29 maja 2018 r. o sygn. akt II KK 99/18. A comment of approval on the verdict of 29 May 2018 issued by the Criminal Law Chamber of the Polish Supreme Court (II KK 99/18).
Publikacja"Glosowany wyrok Sądu Najwyższego dotyczy problematyki orzekania o czynach przeciwko mieniu, w stosunku do których od 9 listopada 2013 r. kryterium uznania danego czynu za przestępstwo albo za wykroczenie stanowi określony w kodeksie wykroczeń wskaźnik minimalnego wynagrodzenia za pracę. We wskazanym zakresie należy mieć na uwadze minimalne wynagrodzenie z daty orzekania w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności za taki czyn, a nie z...
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Problems of functioning of the insurance services market in the conditions of COVID-19 distribution
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Healthy financial system of local government on the example of Poland
Publikacjahealthy local government financial system lays the foundation for the ability of local government units (LGUs) to carry out public tasks at the current qualitative and quantitative level and to meet their obligations in the short and long term. A healthy financial system of local government is a system that is adequate, stable, unified, consistent, transparent, diversified, counter-cyclical, guarantees the financial independence...
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The occurence and diagnosis of biomarkers of ethyl alcohol consumption
PublikacjaEthyl alcohol is a legal and a widely available psychoactive drug. However, its excessive consumption causes addiction. This leads to aggressive behaviors, family battery, difficulties in interpersonal relations, legal offences, suicides, car accidents and deterioration in labor productivity, what causes financial problems. Despite many social actions against alcohol consumption, this problem is still unresolved. Therefore, fast...