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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: nox emission abatement
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Miniaturized Passive Emission Chambers for In Situ Measurement of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds
PublikacjaThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air. The presence of dangerous chemical compounds in indoor air can have an adverse impact on human health and cause numerous diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Such harmful chemicals get into indoor air as a result of their emission from building and indoor materials....
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Emission profile of butan-2-one oxime from commercially available neutral silicone sealant
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of research on emission profile of butan-2-one oxime (methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO) released from two types of commercially available neutral silicone sealants: silicone type ‘S’ and silicone type ‘T’. To determine the emissions from silicone samples, the system consists of a stationary emission chamber, and the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system was applied. First, the research...
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COMPARISON OF NOISE EMISSION OF HCT AND CLASSIC VEHICLE COMBINATIONS FOR TIMBER TRANSPORTATION IN SWEDEN
PublikacjaBy means of a special simulation tool, the noise emission of a high-capacity heavy vehicle (11 axles) was compared to that of a classic heavy vehicle (a truck-dolly-semitrailer with 8 axles). The two cases are designated “Extended vehicle” versus “Classic vehicle” in this study, having total lengths of 34 and 25 m, respectively. The Classic vehicle represents the most common articulated heavy vehicle configuration for transport...
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High Frequency Harmonics Emission of Modern Power Electronic AC-DC Converters
PublikacjaModern AC/DC converters with bidirectional power flow employing PWM boost topology generate harmonic distortions of input current in relatively high frequency range tightly related to modulation carrier frequency. These frequencies and its multiples in typical applications are usually located in frequency range from single up to several of kHz. Increased harmonic emission in this frequency range can easily and harmfully influence...
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Surface-Plasmon-Coupled Emission of Rhodamine 110 in a Silica Nanolayer
PublikacjaThe first observation of strong directional surface-plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) of Rhodamine 110 in silica nanofilms deposited on silver nanolayers is reported. The preparation of the material is described in detail. The intensity of SPCE exceeds 10 times that of free space fluorescence and total linear light polarization in the SPCE ring is observed. A new experimental setup and an original data collection method is presented....
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Estimation of the effectiveness of nbpt for limiting ammonia emission from urea based on the field experiments
PublikacjaThe efectiveness of the ammonia emission reduction from NBPT-stabilized urea was investigating in 2011 during a field experiment on a grassland plot fertilized with a one-time dose of 60 kgN/ha. The obtained reduction coefficient of ammonia emission equaled 73% and 39-51% relative to erea without the inhibitor and ammonium nitrate, respectively.
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ANN based evaluation of the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas of a marine two-stroke diesel engine
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A Study on Emission of Airborne Wear Particles from Car Brake Friction Pairs
PublikacjaThe emission of airborne wear particles from friction material / cast iron pairs used in car brakes was investigated, paying special attention to the influence of temperature. Five low-metallic materials and one non-asbestos organic material were tested using a pin-on-disc machine. The machine was placed in a sealed chamber to allow airborne particle collection. The concentration and size distribution of 0.0056 to 10 μm particles...
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Extraction of antenna pattern from near field antenna measurements distorted by undesired emission
PublikacjaIn this paper authors present experimental correction of antenna pattern obtained from near field measurements when they are distorted by determined electromagnetic emission. Such situation may be met e.g. when feeding or supply subsystem interacts with antenna radiation pattern due to self-emission. Presented results of experiments show effectiveness of extraction of antenna pattern utilizing near field antenna measurements.
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Emission Profiles of Volatiles during 3D Printing with ABS, ASA, Nylon, and PETG Polymer Filaments
PublikacjaIn this short communication we characterize the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing using four polymer materials, namely polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), Nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Detailed emission profiles are obtained during thermal degradation of the polymers as a function of temperature...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublikacjaOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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Real-time monitoring of the emission of volatile organic compounds from polylactide 3D printing filaments
PublikacjaEstablishing the emission profile of volatile organic compounds generated during fused deposition modeling 3D printing using polymer filaments is important in terms of both understanding the processes taking place during thermal degradation of thermoplastics, and assessing the user's exposure to potentially harmful volatiles. However, obtaining detailed, real-time qualitative and quantitative results poses a challenge. In this...
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Electron impact fragmentation of pyrrole molecules studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy
PublikacjaThe fluorescence emission spectroscopy using electron impact excitation technique was employed to study fragmentation processes of the gas phase pyrrole molecules. The following excited fragmentation species were observed by detection of their fluorescence decay: the atomic hydrogen H(n), n = 4-7 and the diatomic CH(A2Δ), CN(B2Σ+), NH(A3Π) and C2(d3Πg) fragments. These atomic and molecular products differ from those previously...
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PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources
PublikacjaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) diagnostic ratios have recently come into common use as a toolfor identifying and assessing pollution emission sources. Some diagnostic ratios are based on parentPAHs, others on the proportions of alkyl-substituted to non-substituted molecules. The ratios areapplicable to PAHs determined in different environmental media: air (gas þ particle phase), water,sediment, soil, as well as biomonitor...
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Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emission profiles from hot road bitumens
PublikacjaA procedure for the investigation and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission profiles to the atmosphere from road bitumens with various degrees of oxidation is proposed. The procedure makes use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with universal as well as selective detection, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The studies revealed that so-called vacuum residue, which is the main component...
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Determination of metals in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry
PublikacjaMetal species in environmental waters are relevant to characterize the metal toxicity, the mobility between different environmental compartments, and for remediation purposes in case of contamination. The concentration of many trace metals in natural water samples are generally at µg/l level. The paper describes determination of metals in water samples based on flame atomic emission and flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
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High Frequency Conducted Emission in AC Motor Drives Fed By Frequency Converters: Sources and Propagation Paths
PublikacjaProvides a concise and thorough reference for designing electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives Electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives are being increasingly used in present-day automation applications. They are considered by many application engineers as one of the most interfering components, especially in a contemporarily faced industrial environment. This book fills...
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A Noded Carbon Emission Tool (NCET) to Measure Embodied Carbon (EC) in Compositional Cementitious Materials
PublikacjaThe ever evolving modern construction industry is now producing the highest levels of carbon content adversely affecting the construction associated environment. Although, the impact of carbon induced emission is quite large, but still not enough measurable standards and tools to scale these emission are available. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a Grasshopper based definition to calculate the embodied...
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On the correlation between magnetoacoustic emission and magnetostriction dependence on the applied magnetic field
PublikacjaThe correlation between magnetoacoustic emission signal envelopes and magnetostriction curves is investigated. Two sets of samples are being considered: tempered martensitic steel and plastically deformed ferritic steel. It is shown that even though some general relations may be observed, as was demonstrated in the literature, the correlation is not always present. One may not expect to change both quantities in the same way if...
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Application of the corrosion tester in corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method.
PublikacjaThe article presents an innovative method of corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method and the corrosion tester. The problem of corrosion occurring in ballast tanks and tanks carrying petroleum products is discussed. The acoustic method is presented which, due to the use of a unique corrosion tester, is used to monitor the course of corrosion processes in steel. The principle of operation of the corrosion tester, its construction...
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Air Pollutant Emission Measurement
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The home-made in situ passive flux sampler for the measurement of monoterpene emission flux: preliminary studies
PublikacjaThe paper presents the construction and metrological characteristics of the home-made in situ passive flux sampler, an analytical tool representing small-scale emission chambers working in situ and passively sampling analytes from the gaseous phase. The sorption element was a cylindrical container made of stainless steel net, packed with a carbon sorbent bed-graphitized charcoal, Carbograph 4 (35/50mesh). The recommended working/exposure...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublikacjaThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Te use of acoustic emission for assessment of the oil lubricity in a four-ball tester
Publikacjain view of the increased dynamic and temperature load in the compression-ignition engine tribological systems, particular attention is drawn to the problem of such lubrication of the friction nodes that after breaking the boundary layer it could be restored without any wear occurring. therefore, an idea has been devised of introducing to friction nodes, with the lubrication oils, of new substances (operational preparations) modifying...
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Screening evaluation of the quality of commercially available cigars, cigarillos, and bidis based on emission levels of selected terpenes and terpenoids
PublikacjaThe aim of the research was to verify the use of the solvent-free, non-destructive and easy to operate analytical method to study and compare the emissions of 16 representatives of terpenes and terpenoids from commercially available cigars, cigarillos and bidis − a potential screening analysis for the quality of combustible tobacco products. To assess the amount of organic compounds emitted to the gaseous phase from investigated...
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Investigations of the Working Process in a Dual-Fuel Low-Emission Combustion Chamber for an FPSO Gas Turbine Engine
PublikacjaThis investigation is devoted to an analysis of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. The low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial pre-mixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirlers was chosen as the object of research. When modelling processes in a dual-flow low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, a generalized method...
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Trends in Automotive Emission Legislation: Impact on LD Engine Development, Fuels, Lubricants and Test Methods: a Global View, with a Focus on WLTP and RDE Regulations
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Organomercury compounds in environmental samples: emission sources, toxicity, environmental fate and determination.
PublikacjaIn view of the specific properties of mercury and its capability of forming compounds that can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified at successive levels of the trophic pyramid, it has become necessary to gather detailed information on the sources of emission of this element into the environment and its fate there. Moreover, the increasing awareness of the relationship between the toxicity of mercury and its chemical form has sharpened...
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC COMPOUND EMISSION SENSITIVITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETER DURING DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE MARINE ENGINE
PublikacjaChanging some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure,...
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INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION MEASUREMENTS USING FAR AND GTEM TEST SITES UP TO 1 GHz
PublikacjaElectromagnetic emission limiting is one of the basic requirements in the European Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC Directive). Manufacturers often use alternative methods of measurements to make preliminary verification of emission. This paper presents and analyzes problem with comparison between measurements in different test sites: FAR (Fully Anechoic Room) and GTEM (Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic cell). FAR is assumed as the...
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Quality prediction of foil capacitors by acoustic emission signals
PublikacjaJakość i trwałość kondensatorów foliowych jest zależna od ich warunków pracy (np. nadmiarowego napięcia pracy, temperatury, wilgotności) oraz od potencjalnych defektów wprowadzonych na różnych etapach wytwarzania kondensatorów. Nieustanny nacisk na wzrost jakości wytwarzanych elementów przy jednoczesnej redukcji kosztów wytwarzania oznacza, że nowe, tanie i szybkie metody predykcji jakości tych elementów są mocno poszukiwane. W...
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Emission and properties of airborne wear particles from train brake friction materials based on novolac phenolic resins and butadiene rubbers
PublikacjaThe emission of airborne particulate matter from a train brake depends on the formulation of its friction material. This study investigates the emission and properties of wear particles from train brake friction materials based on straight or resorcinol-modified novolac phenolic resin and nitrile or styrene butadiene rubber used as binding ingredients. The wear particles are generated by a pin-on-disc tribomachine inside an aerodynamic...
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Optimizing CO2 Purification in a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the pursuit of mitigating CO2 emissions, this study investigates the optimisation of CO2 purification within a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant using a spray ejector condenser (SEC) coupled with a separator. The approach involves direct-contact condensation of vapour, primarily composed of an inert gas (CO2), facilitated by a subcooled liquid spray. A comprehensive analysis is presented, employing a numerical model to simulate...
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CO2 EMISSION TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM CARBONATE WATERS: THE STUDY CASE OF THE LUBLIN UPLAND AND ROZTOCZE REGIONS
PublikacjaThe concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water (CO2(aq)) was measured in consecutive phases of the hydrological cycle. Its potentially possible degassing from groundwaters to the atmosphere was also assessed. The research was conducted in the area of occurrence of carbonate rocks of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (SE Poland). The results of the measurements of CO2(aq) concentration varied as follows (min-max/mean): precipitation...
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Chemical investigation on the mechanism and kinetics of the atmospheric degradation reaction of Trichlorofluoroethene by OH⋅ and Its subsequent fate in the presence of O2/NOx
PublikacjaThe M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory was used to examine the degradation of Trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE) initiated by OH⋅ radicals. Additionally, the coupled-cluster single-double with triple perturbative [CCSD(T)] method was employed to refine the single-point energies using the complete basis set extrapolation approach. The results indicated that OH-addition is the dominant pathway. OH⋅ adds to both the C1 and C2 carbons,...
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Spontaneous electron emission vs dissociation in internally hot silver dimer anions
PublikacjaReferring to a recent experiment, we theoretically study the process of a two-channel decay of the diatomic silver anion (Ag2-), namely the spontaneous electron ejection giving Ag2 + e- and the dissociation leading to Ag- + Ag. The ground state potential energy curves of the silver molecules of diatomic neutral and negative ion were calculated using proper pseudo-potentials and atomic basis sets. We also estimated the non-adiabatic...
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Airborne wear particle emission from train brake friction materials with different contents of steel and copper fibres
PublikacjaThis study investigated the influence of the amount of steel and copper fibres in a train brake friction material on the tribological performance, emission intensity and characteristics of airborne wear particles. The particles were generated on a pin-on-disc tribometer under controlled friction and environmental conditions. It was found that the steel fibre results in a more intensive emission of 0.3–10 μm particles compared to...
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Application of acoustic emission for detection of fatigue microdemage in main and crank bearings for diesel engines
PublikacjaThe article presents reasons for applying the acoustic emission (AE) to detect fatigue microdamage in main bearings and crank bearings of ship main engines. Problem of determination of the fatigue life for slide bearing bushes was characterized in general. There were demonstrated properties of the objects of research, which were bushings made of the MB58 alloy, as well as an overall description of the research. It was shown that...
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software
PublikacjaAbstract: The article presents results of thermodynamic analysis using a zero-dimensional mathematical models of a negative CO2 emission power plant. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant allows the production of electricity using gasified sewage sludge as a main fuel. The negative emission can be achieved by the use this type of fuel which is already a “zeroemissive” energy source. Together with carbon capture...
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O 1s excitation and ionization processes in the CO2 molecule studied via detection of low-energy fluorescence emission
PublikacjaOxygen 1s excitation and ionization processes in the CO2 molecule have been studied with dispersed and non-dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy as well as with the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon-photoion coincidence technique. The intensity of the neutral O emission line at 845 nm shows particular sensitivity to core-to-Rydberg excitations and core-valence double excitations, while shape resonances are suppressed. In contrast,...
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Pressure dependence of the emission in CaF2 : Yb2+
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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL-FUEL GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
PublikacjaT his study is dedicated to investigations of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. As the object of the research, a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial premixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirls was chosen. The method of the research is based on the numerical solution of the system of differential...
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublikacjaConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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Analysis and assessment of the acoustic emission suitability for determination of the energy states of a tribological system in the form of a four-ball tester friction node
PublikacjaThe present operating safety and cost reduction requirements of the compression ignition engines make it necessary to search for new methods of detecting their defects, e.g. by the analysis of acoustic emission signals coming from the slide bearings. The paper presents non-destructive measurements of acoustic emission (AE) in order to obtain information on the processes taking place in a tribological system under the continuously...
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An adaptive approach to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of cast irons containing precipitated graphite particles with the help of magnetoacoustic emission
PublikacjaPhysical properties of cast irons strongly depend on both their microstructure and the presence of casting defects. The paper analyses the possibility of application of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) for nondestructive detection of flawed cast iron components. The investigated samples containing dross, chunky graphite and lamellar graphite were compared with the reference, flawless, spheroidal cast iron sample. The optimisation...
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Mitigating the Energy Consumption and the Carbon Emission in the Building Structures by Optimization of the Construction Processes
PublikacjaFor decades, among other industries, the construction sector has accounted for high energy consumption and emissions. As the energy crisis and climate change have become a growing concern, mitigating energy usage is a significant issue. The operational and end of life phases are all included in the building life cycle stages. Although the operation stage accounts for more energy consumption with higher carbon emissions, the...
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MODELLING OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS EMISSION IN MARINE DIESEL ENGINE DURING TRANSIENT STATES AT VARIABLE PRESSURE OF FUEL INJECTION
PublikacjaTransient states are an important part of the spectrum of engine loads, especially the traction engines. In the case of marine diesel engines, transient states are of particular importance in reducing the analysis of motion units for special areas and maneuvering in port, the participation of transient states in the load spectrum significantly increases, also, the emission of toxic compounds from this period increases proportionally....
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Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of P91 Steel by Means of Magneto-acoustic Emission and Acoustic Birefringence
PublikacjaThe paper describes an application of nondestructive volumetric magnetic and ultrasonic techniques for evaluation of the selected mechanical parameter variations of P91 steel having direct influence on its suitability for further use in critical components used in power plants. Two different types of deformation processes were carried out. First, a series of the P91 steel specimens was subjected to creep and second, one to plastic...
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Failure characterisation of sandwich beams using integrated acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
PublikacjaThe paper presents the experimental study of the failure behaviour of sandwich beams subjected to bending. The samples examined are sandwich beams made of polyethylene terephthalate foam core and glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminate face sheets. In a series of experiments, it has been proposed to integrate diagnostic techniques with acoustic emission and digital image correlation to accurately track the cracking process on the...
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Model-based identification of the dominant N2O emission pathway in a full-scale activated sludge system
PublikacjaActivated sludge models (ASMs), extended with an N2O emission module, are powerful tools to describe the operation of full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Specifically, such models can investigate the most contributive N2O production pathways and guide towards N2O and carbon footprint (CF) mitigation measures. A common practice is to develop and validate models using data from a single WWTP. In this study, a successfully...