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wszystkich: 366
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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SUPERHEATED STEAM DRYING
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CFD analysis of fluid flow through the labyrinth seal
PublikacjaSteam and gas turbines are some of the fundamental means of power generation. The energy efficiency of the turbines, however, is not satisfactory. Ever since the start-up of the first turbine in the world, engineers have been striving for their increased efficiency. Multiple solutions to the problem of steam loss in an operating turbine are available. The use of seals is one of them. Empirical methods or numerical calculations...
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THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SZEWALSKI HIERARCHIC VAPOUR CYCLE COOPERATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF HEAT RECOVERY
PublikacjaIn this paper, thermodynamic analysis of the Szewalski hierarchic vapour cycle cooperated with the system of heat recovery from exhaust gases are presented. According to that purpose, the CFM (Computation Flow Mechanics [1,3]) approach has correctly been used. The whole system consists of the first traditional steam cycle, the second organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and system of heat recovery with use of water with temperature 90...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublikacjaEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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Organic Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle to a combined Brayton and Clausius - Rankine cycle
PublikacjaA preliminary evaluation has been made of a possibility of bottoming of a conventional Brayton cycle cooperating with the CHP power plant with the organic Rankine cycle installation. Such solution contributes to the possibility of annual operation of that power plant, except of operation only in periods when there is a demand for the heat. Additional benefit would be the fact that an optimized backpressure steam cycle has the advantage...
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Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
PublikacjaThe paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are...
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Gas boiler as a heat source for the domestic micro-CHP
PublikacjaIn the presented analysis a commercially available domestic gas boiler as a heat source for domestic ORC is considered. The applicability of the gas boiler (De Dietrich with thermal power 25 kW) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup has experimentally studied. The main aim of the study is to determine the working fluid temperature, attainable heat rates and efficiencies of the whole system. Preliminary investigations...
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Gas boiler as a heat source for the domestic micro-CHP
PublikacjaThis analysis considers a commercially available domestic gas boiler as a heat source for a domestic organic Rankine cycle system. An experimental study was made into the applicability of the gas boiler (De Dietrich with thermal power 25 kW) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup. The main aim of the study is to determine the working fluid temperature, attainable heat rates and effciencies of the whole system. Preliminary...
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CO2 capture through direct-contact condensation in a spray ejector condenser and T- junction separator
PublikacjaThe design principle underlying the steam condensation and CO2 purification in a gas power plant with a focus on reducing CO2 emissions encompasses the deployment of a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator. This innovative system facilitates direct-contact condensation of steam with non-condensable gas (CO2) by inter acting with a spray of subcooled water, seamlessly integrated with a T-junction separator mechanism aimed...
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The effect of dehydration/rehydration of bacterial nanocellulose on its tensile strength and physicochemical properties
PublikacjaBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural biomaterial with a wide range of biomedical applications. BNC contains 99 % of water which makes it too thick to be used as a bioimplant material. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of the BNC dehydration followed by rehydration on its mechanical and physicochemical properties, in the context of the use of BNC as bio-prostheses in the cardiovascular system. Dehydration involved the...
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Twin volute admission as an alternative inlet configuration for a steam tu- rbine.**2002, 164 s. 155 rys. bibliogr. 14 poz. maszyn. Podwójna spirala zasilająca jako alternatywny wlot do turbiny parowej. Rozprawa doktorska /2002.06.05/. PG, Wydz. Mechaniczny. Promotor: prof. dr hab. inż. R. Puzyrewski.
Publikacja.
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Exergy analysis of the Szewalski cycle with a waste heat recovery system
PublikacjaThe conversion of a waste heat energy to electricity is now becoming one of the key points to improve the energy efficiency in a process engineering. However, large losses of a low-temperature thermal energy are also present in power engineering. One of such sources of waste heat in power plants are exhaust gases at the outlet of boilers. Through usage of a waste heat regeneration system it is possible to attain a heat rate of approximately...
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LEGAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION IN A FLOATING POWER PLANT
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the characteristics of pollution and legal regulations governing investment projects affecting the environment. It describes a combined system of a compression ignition engine and a steam turbine, whose aim, when placed on a floating platform, is to produce electric energy in a so-called distributed generation system. Such a system involves a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a connected steam turbine...
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STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TURBINE CONDENSER AIR EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING HYDRO EJECTORS
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 18K380 steam turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors. Motivation for the analysis is a need of improvement of the energy conversion ratio of the power plant. To achieve this goal it is necessary to establish efficiency of each subsystem of the energy cycle. The air extraction system is not a highly power consuming system but it has great impact...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublikacjaThe presented work is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. Therefore the precondition of the study was to use the waste heat available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. That was the incentive to search for the ways of increasing the temperature of the...
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Preparation and characterization of genipin cross-linked porous chitosan–collagen–gelatin scaffolds using chitosan–CO2 solution
PublikacjaNovel porous scaffolds composed of chitosan, collagen and gelatin were prepared by the multistep procedure involving final freeze-drying and characterized. To eliminate the need for residual acid removal from the material after drying, carbon dioxide saturation process was used for chitosan blend formulation. The use of CO2 for chitosan dissolution made the scaffold preparation process more reproducible and economically sustainable....
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Organic Rankine as bottoming cycle to a combined Brayton and Clausius-Rankine cycle
PublikacjaThis paper presents an enhanced approach, as it will be considered here that the ORC installation could be extra-heated with the bleed steam, a concept presented by the authors. In such way the efficiency of the bottoming cycle can be increased and an amount of electricity generated increases. A thermodynamic analysis and a comparative study of the cycle efficiency for a simplified steam cycle cooperating with ORC cycle will be...
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Direct-contact condensation from vapour- gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser for negative CO2 power plant
PublikacjaDirect-contact condensation of vapour containing the inert gas on a spray of subcooled liquid exists in a number of technical applications. For example, it may be found in the nuclear industry (e.g. pressurized jet under normal operating conditions, in safety analyses) or in the chemical industry (e.g. mixing-type heat exchanger, degasser, sea water desalting). The problem is also essential to modelling and analysis of some...
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„Eulerian – Eulerian” versus ,,Eulerian –Lagrangean” models of condensation
PublikacjaLiquid phase in the flowing vapor through stages of the steam turbine is the cause of a lot of failures. Nowadays, due to work of steam turbines at partial load, process of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation still is current. The formation of drops of condensate under conditions other than nominal operation of turbine is a process still unknown. Engineers and designers involved in the development of power station machines...
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A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
PublikacjaIn the present study, an innovative design of the urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulences and elongating...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublikacjaLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublikacjaLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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Conditions for increasing the recognition of degradation in thermal-flow diagnostics, taking into account environmental legal aspects
PublikacjaThe ever-increasing demand for electricity and the need for conventional sources to cooperate with renewable ones generates the need to increase the efficiency and safety of the generation sources. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to operate existing facilities more efficiently with full detection of emerging faults. These are the requirements of Polish, European and International law, which demands that energy facilities...
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Small wood waste fired combined heat and power plant. Possible use of wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy as an alternative to fossil fuels
PublikacjaThis article discusses the possibility of burning wood biomass instead of fossil fuels in boilers. It describes the properties of wood biomass, including the variation of its calorific value depending on the moisture content of wood. The article proposes several variants of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) system burning wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy, using the energy contained in exhaust gases...
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Biopolymer based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems: A review
PublikacjaDrug delivery systems (DDS) are used to achieve a higher therapeutic effects of a pharmaceutical drug or natural compound in a specific diseased site with minimal toxicological effect and these systems consists of liposomes, microspheres, gels, prodrugs and many. Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing multi-disciplinary science that ensures the fabrication of the polymers to nanometer scale for various medical applications. Uses...
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Analysis of the possibility of increasing thermal-electric energy conversion ratio in CHP units based on micro gas turbine
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility of increasing thermal energy to electricity conversion efficiency in combined heat and power (CHP) units based on micro gas turbine during low heat demand periods. At the beginning sustainable development postulates under power engineering are explained. Next micro CHP as part of distributed generation idea is presented. The main part of the article is based on results of thermodynamic...
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Calculations of labyrinth seals with and without diagnostic extraction in fluid-flow machines
PublikacjaLabyrinth seals are essential components of steam turbine unit constructions. Two types of labyrinth seals can be named, the first of which is the seal without diagnostic steam extraction, and the second – with extraction. The distribution of flow parameters along the packing is affected remarkably by the average seal clearance. The presence of diagnostic extraction leads to the equation system which is determinable and can be...
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Investigation of the Combustion Processes in the Gas Turbine Module of an FPSO Operating on Associated Gas Conversion Products
PublikacjaIn this paper, we consider the issue of thermo-chemical heat recovery of waste heat from gas turbine engines for the steam conversion of associated gas for offshore vessels. Current trends in the development of offshore infrastructure are identified, and the composition of power plants for mobile offshore drilling units and FPSO vessels is analyzed. We present the results of a comparison of power-to-volume ratio, power-to-weight...
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Experimental investigations and simulations of the microturbine unit with permanent magnet generator
PublikacjaIn dispersed power generation, low power devices are used for local combined generating of heat end electric power. There are developing concepts of micropower plants with electric generators driven by steam or gas microturbines. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigations of the microturbine set consists of the turbine with partial admission, permanent magnet generator and three phase AC-to-DC rectifier. The...
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Domestic ORC micro-CHP combined with a commercial gas boiler
PublikacjaThe chapter presents the results of experimental studies conducted during the launch of the first in Poland demonstration prototype of the micro ORC coupled to a domestic gas boiler. The accomplished studies indicated the possibility for the ORC module to work with such boiler (autonomous source of heat) with a prototype single-stage axial micro turbine as the expansion machine. Confirmation of that fact has been delineated in...
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ISSUES OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION IN A FLOATING POWER PLANT
PublikacjaThis article presents basic dependences for conducting a technical and economic analysis related with investment projects. It describes a combined system of a compression ignition engine and a steam turbine, whose aim, when placed on a floating platform, is to generate electric energy in the so-called distributed generation system. Such a system involves a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a connected steam turbine system...
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COMPARISON OF TWO MODELS OF CONDENSATION
PublikacjaIn the low-pressure part of steam turbine, the state path usually crosses the saturation line in penultimate stages. At least last two stages of this part of turbines operate in two –phase region. The liquid phase in this region in mainly created in the process of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation. Several observations confirm however, that condensation often occurs earlier than it is predicted by theory i.e. before the...
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High temperature corrosion of evaporator tubes with thermal sprayed coatings
PublikacjaDegradation examinations of outer surface of low-emission steam boiler evaporator tubes are presented in the paper. Metallographic evaluation of scale morphology, its micro sites chemical composition analysis and distribution of elements on cross sections have been performed. Water-wall tubes were exposed in steam boiler for up to two years period. Common tubes made of 16Mo3 steel suffered sulphide and molten salts corrosions....
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Cargo ships heat demand - operational experiment
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of an experiment conducted on two cargo ships – a 5300 TEU container with a steam heating system and a 7500 dwt general cargo ship with a thermal oil system. On both ships research has been carried out using specially designed measuring equipment. After gathering data about flow velocity and temperatures (steam/ cooling water/ thermal oil/ seawater/ outside air), calculations have been done, resulting...
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Self-assembled concentric stripes of diamond particles by a pinning-depinning mechanism
PublikacjaWe describe the novel mechanism of spontaneous formation of the concentric stripe patterns of microdiamonds via gradual solvent evaporation from a suspension confined in a teardrop well. The self-organized patterns exhibit a series of arcs with regular spacings varying between hundreds of micrometers and millimeters. They result from an interplay between the directional forced circulation of the solvent and a stick-slip movement...
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Gasification of Densified Biomass (DB) and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Using HTA/SG Technology
PublikacjaThe necessity of economical and rational use of natural energy sources caused a rapid development of research on the possibilities of using non‐conventional energy resources. Taking the above into account, a new technological process of thermochemical conversion of biomass and communal waste, commonly known as High Temperature Air/Steam Gasification (HTA/SG) and Multi‐Staged Enthalpy Extraction Technology (HTAG‐MEET), was developed....
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Application of spatial neural simulators of turbine blade rows to fluid flow diagnostics
PublikacjaThis chapter presents the results of neural modelling of fluid flow in steam turbine row. In modelling working conditions of the flow channel varied, thus the aim of the work was to reconstruct the reference state - distributions of velocity, pressure, and losses in flow channel - with high accuracy for fluid flow diagnostics.
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Role of distillation in determination of SCFAs in samples of different origin
PublikacjaShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are very volatile compounds and choosing an appropriate isolation and enrichement technique is a key to their determination. Distillation is one of methods which can be applied. There are many types of distillation. The simplest ones are direct, steam and fractional distillation, but they are not used very often and have some drawbacks. However, many modifications of basic distillation have been...
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Turbomachinery - Background
PublikacjaThe "Turbomachinery - Background" is the first part of a series of monographs devoted to different aspects of rotating machines. The book presents the main fundamentals which are necessary for the different problems of steam, gas, wind and water turbines as well as pumps, compressors and propellers which will discussed in detail in the subsequent parts of the series.
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An Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Combined Cycle Power Plant Control
PublikacjaCombined cycle power plants operate at thermal efficiency approaching 60 percent. In the same time their performance presents several problems that have to be addressed. E.g. gas turbines are very sensitive to backpressure exerted on them by the heat recovery steam generators as well as to ambient pressure and temperature.
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Cooperation of ORC installation with a gas boiler as a perspective co-generation system for households
PublikacjaThis paper reports tests of an innovative micro-CHP unit prototype, consisting of a traditional gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which incorporates original system components such as an axial vapour microturbine, evaporator and condenser. The system co-generates heat and electricity for a single household or a group of households. Electricity is only a by-product during production of heat. While testing the prototype,...
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The effectivness of fault detection in common rail injectors examination methods
PublikacjaThe article presents the effectiveness tests of fault detection in common rail injectors. 40 injectors with different wear levels were tested. Testing was made on two test benches of a completely different design. Research includes comparison of accuracy, reproducibility and testability to detect specific defects. A device was created for visualization of the fuel injector spraying steam.
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublikacjaThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
PublikacjaThe article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems....
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The Effect of Steaming Beech, Birch and Maple Woods on Qualitative Indicators of the Surface
PublikacjaThis work presents the effect of steaming beech, birch and maple woods on the resulting quality of the milled wood surface. The steaming process of the studied woods results in a targeted change in the color of the wood, which changes from the original light white-gray color to fine reddishbrown to dark brown color shades that are more or less saturated depending on the temperature of the saturated water steam. The color changes...
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Advanced Control Structures of Turbo Generator System of Nuclear Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the paper a synthesis of advanced control structures of turbine and synchronous generator for nuclear power plant working under changing operating conditions (supplied power level) is presented. It is based on the nonlinear models of the steam turbine and synchronous generator cooperating with the power system. Considered control structure consists of multi-regional fuzzy control systems with local linear controllers, including...
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Advanced Control Structures of Turbo Generator System of Nuclear Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the paper a synthesis of advanced control structures of turbine and synchronous generator for nuclear power plant working under changing operating conditions (supplied power level) is presented. It is based on the nonlinear models of the steam turbine and synchronous generator cooperating with the power system. Considered control structure consists of multi-regional fuzzy control systems with local linear controllers, including...
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Analysis of cyclone separator solutions depending on spray ejector condenser conditions
PublikacjaThe core design strategy for minimizing CO2 emissions in gas power plant entails combining a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator to accomplish steam condensation and CO2 purification. This innovative process involves direct-contact condensation of steam with CO2, facilitated by interaction with a subcooled water spray, along with a cyclone separator mechanism intended for generating pure CO2. The investigation of the SEC...
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Polyurethane-based aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications
PublikacjaPolyurethane aerogels (PUAs) are interesting materials because of their high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity, which result in their application as thermal insulations. PUAs are mainly synthesized using di- and polyisocyanates, diols or polyols, catalysts (tertiary amines and organometallic), and solvents (which are used as reaction medium, purifying of obtained semiproducts). Preparation procedure involves several...
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Modelowanie przepływu pary przez okołodźwiękowe wieńce turbinowe z użyciem sztucznych sieci neuronoych
PublikacjaNiniejszy artykuł stanowi opis modelu przepływu pary przez okołodźwiękowe stopnie turbinowe, stworzonego w oparciu o sztuczne sieci neuronowe (SSN). Przedstawiony model neuronowy pozwala na wyznaczenie rozkładu wybranych parametrów w analizowanym przekroju kanału przepływowego turbiny dla rozpatrywanego zakresu wartości ciśnienia wlotowego.
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Modelling of the Baumann turbine stage operation Part II. Free and kinetic vibrations
PublikacjaIn this paper has been presented a methodology of validation a novel mathematical model dedicated to evaluation and prediction of material degradation and demage of steam turbine elements such as blades, valves and pipes due to three mechanisms: stress-corosion, high-temperature creep and low-cyclic fatigue. The validation concept is based on an experimental setup manufactured in the Laboratory of Faculty of Mechanical and Power...