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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: pyrolysis
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Pyrolysis as an alternative for combustion of waste
PublikacjaProces pirolizy polega na rozkładzie materii organicznej w podwyższonej temperaturze w warunkach beztlenowych, dlatego może być on stosowany jako alternatywa lub uzupełnienie dla procesu spalania. Piroliza pozwala na uzyskanie substancji chemicznych z polimerów naturalnych i syntetycznych. W umiarkowanej temperaturze (300 - 500 ° C), można uzyskać wysokiej wydajności frakcji ciekłej, natomiast wysokie temperatury sprzyjają powstawaniu...
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A review on gasification and pyrolysis of waste plastics
PublikacjaGasification and pyrolysis are thermal processes for converting carbonaceous substances into tar, ash, coke, char, and gas. Pyrolysis produces products such as char, tar, and gas, while gasification transforms carbon-containing products (e.g., the products from pyrolysis) into a primarily gaseous product. The composition of the products and their relative quantities are highly dependent on the configuration of the overall process...
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Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Obtaining Limonene
PublikacjaThis review deals with the technologies of limonene production from waste tyre pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition is attractive for tackling the waste tyre disposal problem, as it enables both: energy to be recovered and limonene to be obtained. This material management recycling of tyres is environmentally more beneficial than the burning of all valuable products, including limonene. Given this recoverability of materials from waste...
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Pyrolysis of poly(2-propylheptyl acrylate)
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Three phase transient model of wet coal pyrolysis
PublikacjaA one-dimensional transient mathematical model was developed to describe the thermal and flow phenomena during coal pyrolysis in a coke oven. The model was solved numerically using partly implicit methods for gas flow and heat transfer problems. It was successfully validated with industrial-scale measurements of temperature change in the middle-plane of the coke oven chamber. The evolution of temperature and pressure, distributions...
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Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration
PublikacjaTires, conveyor belts, floor mats, and shoe soles form a main-stream of rubber waste. The amount of these used materials continuously increases due to development of the rubber market. Therefore, pro-ecological utilization (i.e., energy recycling instead of burning) and recovering valuable and recyclable materials becomes an urgent necessity. In this regard, this work was devoted to the chemical recycling of selected used rubber...
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Thermogravimetric analysis/ pyrolysis of used tyres and waste rubber
PublikacjaThe process of pyrolysis is investigated in this paper. The pyrolysis results of two samples: waste tyres and rubber at different heating rates (10, 20, 50 K/min), were compared. In other experiments the degradation of two pyrolysis products, char and oil was examined. The kinetic study using the thermogravimetry equipment (TG) was done, which allowed determination of the kinetic mechanism of the process. The elemental analysis...
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Oxide Layers Fabricated by Spray Pyrolysis on Metallic Surfaces
Publikacjaw pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad opracowaniem optymalnych warunków przygotowania warstwy stabilizowanego itrem cyrkonu jako prekursora na stali 316L jako podłoża za pomocą pirolizy aerozolowej.
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Identification of acrylate copolymers using pyrolysis and gas chromatography
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Pyrolysis Process of Whole Waste Tires as a Biomass Energy Recycling
PublikacjaThe article is devoted to the description of material recycling of whole waste tires, including a new method of pyrolysis process, resulting in the final products: technically oil fractions (rubber plasticizer of rubber compounds) or diesel fuels (light, medium and heavy), activated carbon, gas fuel and steel scrap. Operational and performance tests of the first version of the pilot plant, consisting of three contributions cooperating...
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YSZ Thin film deposited on porous substrate by spray pyrolysis
PublikacjaIn this work the results of deposition of YSZ layer on a porous substrate using an ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis are presented.
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CGO FILMS ON YSZ ELECTROLYTE FABRICATED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS FOR SOFC
PublikacjaINTRODUCTION Solid oxide fuel cells are one of the fastest developing energy converters. The advancement introduced by research community provides steady state progress is stability and performance of the fuel cells. Significant influence on the cell’s performance and stability is related to cell design. The simplest design just consists of an anode, a solid electrolyte and a cathode. However, in order to improve the properties,...
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Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development-A Review
PublikacjaPyrolysis has been applied in the human economy for many years, and it has become a significant alternative to the production of chemical compounds, including biofuels. The article fo-cuses mostly on recent achievements in the technical and processing aspects of pyrolysis. The aim of the review is to present the latest research on the process of waste biomass pyrolysis to fuel production. The paper describes the mechanisms of...
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Experiments and numerical modeling of meat and bone meal pyrolysis in a rotary kiln
PublikacjaThe paper presents aspects of modelling the pyrolysis of meat and bone meal (MBM) in a rotary kiln. The pyrolysis of MBM produces a solid fraction which can be used as a fuel, a liquid fraction with potential chemical applications and a low heating value gas. The meat and bone meal pyrolysis was carried out at the temperature of 900 oC. Main features of experiments and numerical model of the pyrolysis were described. The model...
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The Course and the Effects of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis in the Production of High-Calorific Biochar
PublikacjaThe thermal pyrolysis of agriculture biomass has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor, wherethe pyrolysis was conducted at a steady temperature of 800◦C. This work analyses the pyrolysisproducts of six agricultural wastes: pistachio husks, walnut husks, sunflower hulls, buckwheat husks,corncobs and coconut shells. The conducted research compared examples of large waste biomassstreams from different parts of the world as a potential...
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Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for PotentialWastewater Adsorption
PublikacjaPyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The eect...
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MnCo2O4 deposited by spray pyrolysis as a protective layer for stainless steel interconects
PublikacjaStainless steel interconnects working in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells stacks are exposed to high temperature resulting in their corrosion. Protective layers for the hydrogen and oxygen sides are necessary to protect the interconnect material, prolongate the stack lifetime and maintain the output power. In this paper MnCo2O4 protective layer for the oxygen side of the interconnect is deposited by spray pyrolysis and is examined.
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Ceria Based Protective Coatings for Steel Interconnects Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
PublikacjaStainless steels can be used in solid oxide fuel/electrolysis stacks as interconnects. For successful long term operation they require protective coatings, that lower the corrosion rate and block chemical reactions between the interconnect and adjacent layers of the oxygen or the hydrogen electrode. One of the promising coating materials for the hydrogen side is ceria. Using standard sintering techniques, ceria sinters at around...
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Oxide layers fabricated by spray pyrolysis for resistance random access memory
PublikacjaW pracy zbadano przydatność pirolizy aerozolowej do wytwarzania warstw dla memrystorów.
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Novel investigation of pyrolysis mechanisms and kinetics for functional groups in biomass matrix
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Pyrolysis and Torrefaction—Thermal Treatment of Creosote-Impregnated Railroad Ties as a Method of Utilization
PublikacjaA fundamental issue of waste management and the rail transport industry is the problem of utilizing used railroad ties. Wooden railroad ties are treated with a preservative, usually creosote. Due to their high toxicity, railroad ties are considered hazardous waste and must be utilized under various directives. It is proposed to utilize the troublesome waste by using the pyrolysis and torrefaction process. The research proves that...
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Efficiency and proportions of waste tyre pyrolysis products depending on the reactor type—A review
PublikacjaThis article discusses the current use of different pyrolytic reactors, their constructions and operating principles regarding the yields of main products of waste tyre pyrolytic recycling. Whether one makes a larger or smaller profit, or even a loss due to a surcharge being levied on waste tyre recycling, depends on the sale of the pyrolysis products (gas, char, oil), the proportions and market prices of which differ. The cheapest...
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Spray pyrolysis of doped-ceria barrier layers for solid oxide fuel cells
PublikacjaGadolinium doped ceria (Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 − x-CGO) layer fabricated by spray pyrolysis is investigated as the diffusion barrier for solid oxide fuel cell. It is deposited between the La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 − δ cathode and the yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte to mitigate harmful interdiffusion of elements. The parameters of the fabrication process are linked to the measured area specific resistances of the symmetrical cells and the efficiency...
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Effect of pyridine extraction on the pyrolysis of a perhydrous coal based on in-situ FTIR analysis
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Corrosion Study of Ceria Protective Layer Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis on Steel Interconnects
PublikacjaSingle fuel cells and electrolysis cells are assembled into stacks using interconnects in order to increase power and gas production capacity. The most common choice for the interconnect material is stainless steel. It has good electrical and mechanical properties and is also cost effective. One of the problems when using steel is the formation of a thermally grown oxide scale during use which has a lower electrical conductivity...
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Recent advances in hydrogen production from biomass waste with a focus on pyrolysis and gasification
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results research on the optimal fuel compositions and the control parameters of the spark ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen for the purpose of setting up a flexible electronic control unit for the engine working in a solar-biomass hybrid renewable energy system. In syngas-biogas-hydrogen mixture, the optimal content of hydrogen and biogas is 20% and 30%, respectively. Exceeding these thresholds,...
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Pyrolysis of Pruning Residues from Various Types of Orchards and Pretreatment for Energetic Use of Biochar
PublikacjaThe routine pruning and cutting of fruit trees provides a considerable amount of biowaste each year. This lignocellulosic biomass, mainly in the form of branches, trunks, rootstocks, and leaves, is a potential high-quality fuel, yet often is treated as waste. The results of a feasibility study on biochar production by pyrolysis of residues from orchard pruning were presented. Three types of biomass waste were selected as raw materials...
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Experimental and numerical analysis of the pyrolysis dynamics of a single wood particle: presentation of the radiographic technique
PublikacjaPyrolysis is an oxygen-free process for the thermal decomposition of raw materials. The heat conduction and flow of pyrolysis products (i.e., the gas fraction and liquid vapour generated during pyrolysis) influence the process and products. In this work, the influence of the orientation of wooden particle fibres with respect to the direction of the heat source on the dynamics of the process was investigated, where there were two...
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An experimental assessment on a diesel engine powered by blends of waste-plastic-derived pyrolysis oil with diesel
PublikacjaThe utilization of plastic solid wastes for sustainable energy production is a crucial aspect of the circular economy. This study focuses on pyrolysis as an effective method to convert this feedstock into renewable drop-in fuel. To achieve this, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of feedstock composition, pyrolysis process parameters, and the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting fuel, all correlated...
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Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the microstructure and thermal conductivity of polymer-derived monolithic and porous SiC ceramics
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Simultaneous functionalization and magnetization of biochar via NH3 ambiance pyrolysis for efficient removal of Cr (VI)
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Pyrolysis of RDF and Catalytic Decomposition of the Produced Tar in a Char Bed Secondary Reactor as an Efficient Source of Syngas
PublikacjaOne of the technical limitations of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pyrolysis is the high content of tar in its gas products. In order to resolve this problem, a two-stage RDF pyrolysis with a catalyst based on char from RDF pyrolysis is proposed. This paper presents the results of municipal waste pyrolysis beginning in an oven heated to 480 °C and ending with catalytic tar cracking carried out in the temperature range from 800 to 1000...
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Influence of pyrolysis atmosphere on the lithium storage properties of carbon-rich polymer derived SiOC ceramic anodes
PublikacjaPolymer derived carbon-rich SiOC ceramics are prepared from polysiloxane precursors through a pyrolysis process at 1000 °C using pure argon and argon/hydrogen mixture as pyrolysis atmosphere. The precursor is synthesized from a linear (Si–H)-containing polysiloxane cross-linked with divinylbenzene using hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of a platinum catalyst. Pyrolysis in Ar/H2 mixtures, compared to the treatment under...
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Use of pyrolysis and gas chromatography for the determination of acrylic acid concentration in acrylic copolymers containing carboxylic groups
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Thermal utilization of meat and bone meals. Performance analysis in terms of drying process, pyrolysis and kinetics of volatiles combustion
PublikacjaA development of technology of thermal utilization requires a thorough knowledge of the physicochemical properties, as well as kinetics of combustion of volatiles and char. Due to waste management regulations the meat and bone meal (MBM) is regarded as biofuel constituting one of the alternatives to fossil fuels in the energy market. MBM is a heterogeneous material that may consist of several different fractions. The extensive...
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Pyrolysis Combined with the Dry Reforming of Waste Plastics as a Potential Method for Resource Recovery—A Review of Process Parameters and Catalysts
Publikacja: Emissions of greenhouse gases and growing amounts of waste plastic are serious environmental threats that need urgent attention. The current methods dedicated to waste plastic recycling are still insufficient and it is necessary to search for new technologies for waste plastic management. The pyrolysis-catalytic dry reforming (PCDR) of waste plastic is a promising pro-environmental way employed for the reduction of both CO2 and...
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Evaluation of structural and electrical properties of multicomponent spinel oxide thin films deposited via spray pyrolysis technique
PublikacjaThis work reports the preparation of (Mn,Co,Fe,Ni,Cr)3O4 high-entropy spinel oxide in the form of a ~ 500 nm thin film utilising a facile spray pyrolysis technique. The structural and electrical properties of the layers were characterised after exposure to temperatures in the range of 400–900 ◦C. The as-deposited layers were amorphous, and crystallised upon heat treatment at 500 ◦C. Microstructural analyses proved a homogeneous...
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Evaluation of structural change during fast transformation process of cross-linked NR into liquid NR by light pyrolysis
PublikacjaThe presence of cross-linked networks in rubber creates a tremendous problem for recycling and reusing of waste rubber. Fast transformation of cross-linked natural rubber (NR) into liquid natural rubber was carried out by light pyrolysis in temperature range from 240 to 300 °C in variable time (in range: 1–30 min). The transformation efficiency was evaluated by measuring the sol fraction and the cross-link density of the gel fraction....
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Improvement of Oxygen Electrode Performance of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Cells by Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Active Layers
PublikacjaIntermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells oxygen electrodes are modified by active interfacial layers. Spray pyrolysis is used to produce thin (≈500 nm) layers of mixed ionic and electronic conductors: Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), and Pr6O11 (PrOx) on the electrode–electrolyte interface. The influence of the annealing temperature on the electrode polarization (area specific...
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Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a miniature gas turbine supplied by blends of kerosene and waste tyre pyrolysis oil
PublikacjaFossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that could be depleted in the near future, giving rise to amajor energy crisis. Scientists from all over the world are working on new technologies to produce fuelnot only from renewable sources but also from waste. This article is concerned with: (i) waste tyremanagement by means of the pyrolysis process, (ii) investigation of physico-chemical parameters ofwaste tyre pyrolysis oil...
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CGO as a barrier layer between LSCF electrodes and YSZ electrolyte fabricated by spray pyrolysis for solid oxide fuel cells
PublikacjaPerovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 − δ (LSCF) is often used as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to high mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and good catalytic activity. Unfortunately, sintering of the LSCF cathode together with the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, leads to formation of the La2Zr2O7 and SrZrO3 phases in the interface. These phases increase the resistance of the cell. To avoid...
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Pyrolysis Process of Whole Waste Tires as A Biomass Energy Recycling / Piroliza Opon Samochodowych Jako Energetyczny Recykling Biomasy
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N-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets obtained by pyrolysis of a chitosan–melamine mixture for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.
PublikacjaBy simple thermal decomposition of low-cost precursors (chitosan, melamine) in an inert atmosphere, nitrogen-doped porous carbonaceous materials were prepared. The samples pyrolyzed at 700 C are composed of mainly mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets and partially graphitized carbon. The nanosheets contain a disordered area due to the strain imposed by the presence of nitrogen and/or oxygen groups in their structure. Some...
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N-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets obtained by pyrolysis of a chitosan–melamine mixture for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media
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In-situ FTIR study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics of a Xundian lignite during non-isothermal low temperature pyrolysis
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Microporous N-Doped Carbon Obtained from Salt Melt Pyrolysis of Chitosan toward Supercapacitor and Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
PublikacjaThe direct carbonization of low-cost and abundant chitosan biopolymer in the presencesalt eutectics leads to highly microporous, N-doped nanostructures. The microporous structureeasily manufactured using eutectic mixture (ZnCl2 -KCl) and chitosan. Potassium ions here can act as an intercalating agent, leading to the formation of lamellar carbon sheets, whereas zinc chloride generates significant porosity. Here, we present an efficient...
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Oxide layers fabricated by spray pyrolysis on metallic surfaces = Warstwy tlenkowe wytworzone metoda pirolizy aerozolowej na podłożach metalicznych
PublikacjaW pracy przebadane zostały możliwości zastosowania metody pirolizy aerozolowej do wytwarzania warstw z tlenku cyrkonu stabilizowanego itrem na podłożu ze stali nierdzewnej 316L.
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Ni-WC/Al2O3 and Ni-WC/MgWO4/MgAl2O4 catalysts for resource recovery via pyrolysis combined with the dry reforming of plastics (PCDR)
PublikacjaPlastic waste (PW) is currently one of an environmental threat. Despite the increasing share of recycled plastics, their disposal remains high. Therefore, there is a high demand for new PW management systems. Among them, pyrolysis combined with dry reforming (PCDR) is an advantageous solution because it allows for resource recovery in the form of gas and liquid fuels, with simultaneous utilization of CO2. To date, catalysts based...
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One-step synthesis of N-doped metal/biochar composite using NH3-ambiance pyrolysis for efficient degradation and mineralization of Methylene Blue
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Photoelectrochemically Active N‐Adsorbing Ultrathin TiO2 Layers for Water‐Splitting Applications Prepared by Pyrolysis of Oleic Acid on Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Surfaces under Nitrogen Environment
PublikacjaHighly performing photocatalytic surfaces are nowadays highly desirable in energy fields, mainly due to their applicability as photo water‐splitting electrodes. One of the current challenges in this field is the production of highly controllable and efficient photoactive surfaces on many substrates. Atomic layer deposition has allowed the deposition of photoactive TiO2 layers over wide range of materials and surfaces. However,...
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Effect of sewage sludge properties on the biochar characteristic
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Thermal degradation behavior of lignin-modified porous styrene-divinylbenzene and styrene-bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate copolymer microspheres
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Contrasting effects of operating conditions and biomass particle size on bulk characteristics and surface chemistry of rice husk derived-biochars
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Thermal, spectroscopic and luminescence investigations of lanthanide(III) coordination polymers based on V-shaped 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid
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Some properties of Nd and Er complexes with 1,2,3,4,5,6-benzenehexacarboxylic (mellitic) acid
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Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 C/min and 100 C/min, respectively....
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Gaseous products from scrap tires pyrolisis
PublikacjaIn European Union 75% of used tires should be recycled. The most common method of used tires disposal, is burning in cement kilns, which does not solve the problem. Pyrolysis process can be an alternative way of utilization of tires. The aim of the researches was to check the influence of pyrolysis products (gas and oil fractions) on environment. Samples from pyrolysis process, like light oil fractions or pyrolysis gases were analyzed...
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Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
PublikacjaIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive...
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Low temperature deposition of dense MnCo 2 O 4 protective coatings for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells
PublikacjaIn this work manganese cobalt spinel (MnCo2O4) coatings were deposited on steel substrates by spray pyrolysis at 390 °C. This is at much lower temperatures than previously reported (typically in excess of 900 °C). It was possible to produce coatings with well controlled thickness (2-5-10 μm). The as-deposited coatings were evaluated for their microstructural changes and electrical conductivity up to 800 °C. Results confirm the...
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Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations
PublikacjaEnvironmentally-friendly microwave heating is increasingly used in polymer chemistry and technology. The selectivity and highly efficiency in the heat transfer present a huge advantage in systems based on recycling, improving their productivity and economic competitiveness. In case of the industrial recycling of waste rubbers, especially end-of-life tires, microwave-induced devulcanization and pyrolysis are nowadays considered...
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Recycling of Polyurethanes
PublikacjaPolyurethane waste can be recycled by mechanical methods (i.e., grinding and applying as a filler or pressing with a bonding agent) and chemical methods (mainly by e.g., glycolysis, hydrolysis, or aminolysis). There is also possibility to the recover energy from polyurethanes waste (by incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis).
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Chestnut-Derived Activated Carbon as a Prospective Material for Energy Storage
PublikacjaIn this work, we present the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived activatedcarbon (AC) in view of its application as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. Porouscarbons are prepared by pyrolysis of chestnut seeds and subsequent activation of the obtainedbiochar. We investigate here two activation methods, namely, physical by CO2and chemical usingKOH. Morphology, structure and specific surface area (SSA)...
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Silicon oxycarbide ceramics as anodes for lithium ion batteries: influence of carbon content on lithium storage capacity
PublikacjaWe report here on the synthesis and characterization of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) in view of its application as a potential anode material for Li-ion batteries. SiOC ceramics are obtained by pyrolysis of various polysiloxanes synthesized by sol–gel methods. The polysiloxanes contain different organic groups attached to silicon, which influence the chemical composition and the microstructure of the final ceramic product. The structure...
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Silicon Oxycarbide (SiOC) Ceramic Materials as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
PublikacjaPolymer derived ceramics (PDCs) have attracted attention as alternative anode material for Li-ion batteries. It has been found that ternary SiOC and SiCN ceramics obtained through pyrolysis of various preceramic polymers display high reversible capacities of 500 – 650 mAh/g. In this work we try to correlate the electrochemical performance of polymer derived silicon oxycarbide with its chemical composition and microstructural features....
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Preparation and Characterization of Nanomaterial Consisting of Silica Aerogel & Carbon Tested as an Electrode in Non-Aqueous Media Containing Lithium Salt.
PublikacjaSilica aerogel (SiO2ag) was combined with carbonaceous material in the pyrolysis process of hydrocarbons. The obtained nanocomposite SiO2ag/C was amorphous, partially preserving the porous structure of SiO2ag. The specific surface area changes from 445.6 m2/g for pure SiO2ag to 205.52 m2/g SiO2ag/C. The 29Si MAS-NMR shows a three-dimensional matrix with silicon atoms connected to other silicon atoms by four...
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Nanokrystaliczne warstwy ceramiczne otrzymywane metodą pirolizy aerozolowej w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych
PublikacjaNiniejsza rozprawa doktorska dotyczy badań materiałów wytwarzanych w postaci cienkich, nanokrystalicznych warstw ceramicznych metodą pirolizy aerozolowej dla zastosowań w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych (SOFC). Badane są trzy możliwe obszary zastosowań wytwarzanych warstw tj. osadzanie powłok ochronnych na stalowych interkonektorach dostarczających gazy do elektrody tlenowej, wytwarzanie bariery ochronnej zapobiegającej dyfuzji...
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Aquatic biomass containing porous silica as an anode for lithium ion batteries
PublikacjaA composite electrode was manufactured by pyrolysis of Red Algae (Polysiphonia fucoides) covered by diatoms (Diatomophyceae). Electrodes were tested as a half cell with capacity of 500 mA h g−1 after 80 cycles. XPS analysis shows formation of lithium silicate under reduction of silica in an aprotic electrolyte containing LiPF6 salt.
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Impact of blending with polystyrene on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of SiOC ceramic
PublikacjaIn this work, we present the electrochemical behavior and microstructural analysis of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics influenced by an addition of polystyrene (PS). Polymer-derived ceramics were obtained by pyrolysis (1000°C, Ar atmosphere) of different polysiloxanes prepared by sol–gel synthesis. This method is very effective to obtain desired composition of final ceramic. Two alkoxysilanes phenylthriethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane...
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Thin CVD diamond films - synthesis, properties, applications
PublikacjaThe basic model of diamond films growth, in the low pressure synthesis, deposition from the CVD gas phase, is the mixture of hydrocarbon gas in presence with activated hydrogen and its nucleation on the substrate as a result of pyrolysis reaction. It allows to cross the great energetic barrier between graphite and diamond. High pressure and temperature are replaced by change of electronic structure of atoms into gas precursors...
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ACTIVATED BIOCHAR AS AN ADSORBENT OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PublikacjaThe use of biomass, especially waste biomass, as an alternative energy source is a very important issue today. Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation of raw material and one of its products is biochar. This product is mainly distinguished by its high carbon content, and by improving its quality through activation, it can be more widely used. Activated biocarbon has a strongly developed surface and porous structure, and as...
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Warstwy funkcjonalne tlenkowych ogniw paliwowych
PublikacjaIn this paper, results describing current research on solid oxide fuel cells conducted at Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics are presented. The results are related to three kinds of functional layers: a thin cathode layer between the porous cathode layer and the electrolyte to improve the cathode performance, a buffer layer between the electrolyte and the cathode to slow...
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Tailoring of SiOC composition as a way to better performing anodes for Li-ion batteries
PublikacjaPolymer derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics are investigated as potential anodes for lithiumion batteries. Different SiOC ceramics are prepared by pyrolysis (1000 °C and 1400 °C under controlled argon atmosphere) of polysiloxanes ceramic precursors. Preceramic polymers are synthesized using the sol–gel method. Phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) have been used as starting precursors and mixed with...
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Post-Pyrolytic Carbon as a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Carrier for Application in Building Materials
PublikacjaThis article covers new application for char as a carrier of phase-change materials (PCM) that could be used as an additive to building materials. Being composed of bio-char and PCM, the granulate successfully competes with more expensive commercial materials of this type, such as Micronal® PCM. As a PCM carrier, char that was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut fruit (Aesculus hippocastanum) with different absorbances of the...
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Physicochemical Properties and Application of Silica-Doped Biochar Composites as Efficient Sorbents of Copper from Tap Water
PublikacjaThis article concerns research on new sorption materials based on silica-doped activated carbon. A two-stage synthesis involved pyrolysis of plant material impregnated in a water glass solution , followed by hydrothermal activation of the pyrolysate in KOH solution. The resulting composite can be used as a sorbent in drinking water filters. The proposed method of synthesis enables the design of materials with a surface area...
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Pilot- scale plant for material recycling of whole waste tires
PublikacjaContinously growing demad for all kinds of vehicles and general tendency to regular exchange of tires are causing growth of scrap tires which need management. A risings of large quantities of used rubber products, especially used tires has been increasing every year in Poland, in 2006 it was 160 thousand. The waste management and recycling of used tires become a major environmental problem. It is worth noticing that tires which...
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Improved performance of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 solid oxide fuel cell cathode by application of a thin interface cathode functional layer
PublikacjaIn this work, novel functional layers were prepared by a low temperature spray pyrolysis method on the oxygen side of the solid oxide cells. Thin layers of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 and LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 are prepared between the electrolyte and the porous oxygen electrode. Additionally the influence of the sprayed ceria barrier layer on the zirconia based electrolyte with the new layers is evaluated. Impedance spectroscopy results show improvement...
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Red Algae – An Alternative Source of Carbon Material for Energy Storage Application
PublikacjaNew electrode material obtained by pyrolysis of aquatic biomass macro (red algae) soaked with glucose solution has been characterized by SEM, EDX and Raman spectroscopy. Graphitized carbon was identified by Raman spectroscopy. Galvanostatic cyclic polarization of the materials in contact with 1M LiPF6 electrolyte in EC:DMC (1:1 v/v) and Li as a counter electrode was performed. Specific capacity of the novel material was enhanced...
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Evaluation of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Doped Ceria as a Possible Barrier Layer Material for Solid Oxide Cells
PublikacjaIn this work, nanocrystalline layers based on the Pr, Gd co-doped CeO2 were investigated. For the preparation of thin layers, lowtemperature spray pyrolysis technique was used. Different stoichiometries of the layers were produced for comparison on polished sapphire substrates. The microstructure of the prepared thin layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)....
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Effects of Basalt and Carbon Fillers on Fire Hazard, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Rubber Composites
PublikacjaDue to growing restrictions on the use of halogenated flame retardant compounds, there is great research interest in the development of fillers that do not emit toxic compounds during thermal decomposition. Polymeric composite materials with reduced flammability are increasingly in demand. Here, we demonstrate that unmodified graphene and carbon nanotubes as well as basalt fibers or flakes can act as effective flame retardants...
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Tin oxide nanoparticles from laser ablation encapsulated in a carbonaceous matrix – a negative electrode in lithium-ion battery applications
PublikacjaThis report concerns carbonaceous electrodes doped with tin(II) oxide nanoparticles. Tin nanoparticles are obtained by pulsed laser ablation in water. Crystalline nanoparticles have been encapsulated in a carbonaceous matrix formed after pyrolysis of a mixture consisting of tin/tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles and gelatine. The obtained material is characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, selected area diffraction, scanning electron...
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Hard carbon derived from rice husk as low cost negative electrodes in Na-ion batteries
PublikacjaHere, we report the synthesis of hard carbon materials (RH) made from natural rice husk through a single pyrolysis process and their application as an anode in sodium-ion batteries. The studies show that the electrochemical properties of RHs are affected by the treatment temperatures, which determine the materials morphology, in particular, their degree of graphitization and extent of continuous channels (nanovoids). The latter...
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Three electrode configuration measurements of electrolyte-diffusion barrier-cathode interface
PublikacjaMeasurements of a system consisting of cathode/doped ceria diffusion barrier/doped zirconia electrolyte were made using two- and three-electrode configuration. Results obtained on a three-electrode measurement configuration were compared with and reflect the results obtained in two-electrode configuration. Three-electrode measurements allowed separating the impact of the symmetrical interface in the investigated system. They also...
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Electrochemical Characterization of Gelatine Derived Ceramics
PublikacjaNew materials obtained by pyrolysis of gelatine (G) and poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) (PSN) (weight ratio: G/PSN 70/30) at temperatures 700 and 900 °C were characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of ceramics influences on the cluster size of the materials. Electrochemical tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cyclic polarization. The capacity of G/PSN was 464 and 527 mAh/g for materials pyrolysed...
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Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Fe,Cu Substituted (Co,Mn)3O4 Thin Films
PublikacjaIn this work, thin films (~1000 nm) of a pure MnCo2O4 spinel together with its partially substituted derivatives (MnCo1.6Cu0.2Fe0.2O4, MnCo1.6Cu0.4O4, MnCo1.6Fe0.4O4) were prepared by spray pyrolysis and were evaluated for electrical conductivity. Doping by Cu increases the electrical conductivity, whereas doping by Fe decreases the conductivity. For Cu containing samples, rapid grain growth occurs and these samples develop cracks...
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Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
PublikacjaThe biomass of one type cultivated diatoms (Pseudostaurosira trainorii), being a source of 3D-stuctured biosilica and organic matter—the source of carbon, was thermally processed to become an electroactive material in a potential range adequate to become an anode in lithium ion batteries. Carbonized material was characterized by means of selected solid-state physics techniques (XRD, Raman, TGA). It was shown that the pyrolysis...
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Modification of microporous polyurethane elastomers with different types of ash—morphological, mechanical, and thermal studies
PublikacjaIncorporation of wood ash particles from wood gasification into microporous polyurethane elastomers has been investigated and compared to addition of commercially available microspheres resulting from coal burning. Samples were modified with 3 and 6 wt% of fillers. Structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of obtained elastomers were investigated. Incorporation of both types of ash particles decreased the density of polyurethanes...
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3D porous graphene-based structures- synthesis and applications
PublikacjaPorous carbon-based materials are of the great industrial and academic interest due to their high surface area, low density, good electrical conductivity, chemical inertness and low cost of fabrication. Up to now, the main approach to obtain porous carbon structures has involved the pyrolysis of carbonaceous natural or synthetic precursors. After the isolation of graphene, the interest in 3D porous graphene-based structures (called...
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Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials
PublikacjaDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG)...
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Structural and catalytic properties of ceria layers doped with transition metals for SOFCs fueled by biogas
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper was to investigate an influence of the nanocrystalline Ce0.8A0.2O2-δ (A = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) materials on the direct internal reforming of biogas in SOFC. Structural analysis of fabricated compounds has been done. An in-situ analysis of a composition of outlet gases from operating SOFC was performed using FTIR spectroscopy with simultaneous electrical tests. It was found out, that type of dopant strongly...
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Silicon Oxycarbide-Graphite Electrodes for High-Power Energy Storage Devices
PublikacjaHerein we present a study on polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/graphite composites for a potential application as an electrode in high power energy storage devices, such as Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC). The composites were processed using high power ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis followed by pyrolysis. The intensive sonication enhances gelation and drying process, improving the homogenous distribution of the graphitic...
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Golden artefacts, resin figurines, body adhesives and tomb sediments from the pre-Columbian burial site El Caño (Gran Coclé, Panamá): tracing organic contents using molecular archaeometry
PublikacjaThis research aimed to determine the origin of organic residues from funerary contexts in the El Ca~no settlement (Gran Cocl�e area, Panam�a, Central America) by means of multiple molecular probing techniques (GC-MS of organic solvent extracts and pyrolysis-GC-MS, THM-GC-MS and FTIR of solid samples). The samples include particles of precious resin figurines, fillings of golden objects, tomb sediments, plant exudates from extant...
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Design and distribution of air nozzles in the biomass boiler assembly
PublikacjaDue to energy crisis as well as increasing pollution of the environment, renewable energy sources usage increases all over the world. These facts encouraged authors to start research over developing a uniform biomass boiler calculation model. This paper presents a design of biomass boiler assembly created for ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) unit since these systems could achieve strong position in energy industry....
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Origin of bitumen fractions in the Jurassic-early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta Formation in Argentina: insights from organic petrography and geochemical techniques
PublikacjaThis paper investigates chemical functional groups of the two extracted bitumen fractions in shales of the Jurassic to early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta Formation of the Neuquén Basin in Argentina, South America. The results indicate that Bitumen I is strongly aliphatic and appears to be genetically related to fluorescent amorphous organic matter. In contrast, Bitumen II consists of highly condensed, aromatic hydrocarbons, and has some...
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Processing of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ barrier layers for solid oxide cells: The effect of preparation method and thickness on the interdiffusion and electrochemical performance
PublikacjaCe0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) barrier layers are required to mitigate the chemical reactions between Sr-containing oxygen electrode materials and Zr-based oxygen ion conductors in high-temperature solid oxide cells. Barrier layers produced by different methods were studied in this work. As a reference, a cell with no barrier layer was measured. The application of the powder-processed barrier layers, considerably increases the performance....
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THE ROLE OF THIN FUNCTIONAL LAYERS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
PublikacjaWidespread commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells requires lowering its cost. It is generally accepted that to lower the cost of solid oxide fuel cells it is necessary to use metal alloys as interconnectors and, consequently, lower its operating temperature to slow down interconnectors degradation. As a result the area specific resistance of the cathodes should be lowered to sustain the performance of the cells. In order to...
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Silicon oxycarbide-tin nanocomposite derived from a UV crosslinked single source preceramic precursor as high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries
PublikacjaIn this work, we report an innovative and facile UV light-assisted synthesis of a nanocomposite based on silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and tin nanoparticles. SiOC ceramic matrix, containing a conductive free carbon phase, participates in lithium-ion storage, and buffers the volume changes of Li-alloying/de-alloying material. The reported synthesis procedure through a polymer-derived ceramic route involves the preparation of a single-source...
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Mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation course analysis using sensor matrices and chromatographic techniques
PublikacjaProduction of biofuels from biomass is expected to benefit the society and the environment. At present, bio waste residues processing includes hydrolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical synthesis. As the composition and the chemical structure of organic substances affect the efficiency of mentioned processes, it is believed that the glucose concentration is a crucial parameter for the...
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New ceramic materials derived from pyrolyzed poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) and starch as a potential anode for Li-ion batteries
PublikacjaNewmaterialswere obtained by pyrolysis of starch (S) and poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) (PSN) (weight ratio: PSN/S 30/70) at temperature a) 500 °C, b) 700 °C and c) 900 °C. Ceramic materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, TGA, Raman spectroscopy and SEM. New Si\O and shifted Si\C stretching vibration modes emerged confirming direct interaction between silicon originating fromsilazane and oxygen coming fromstarch. The...
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Thermal properties of a cement composite containing phase change materials (PCMs) with post-pyrolytic char obtained from spent tyres as a carrier
PublikacjaThis work examines the possible use of post-pyrolysis char made from spent vehicle tyres as a carrier for phase change materials (PCM), which could be used as an additive to cement mortar. Because of the ability of PCM to accumulate heat, the cement composite obtained from it, apart from its structural and strength properties, will acquire an additional energy storage function, which can be very important for energy-saving construction. In...
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Enhanced supercapacitor materials from pyrolyzed algae and graphene composites
PublikacjaThis study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of supercapacitor materials derived from pyrolyzed natural compounds. Four compounds were investigated: methylcellulose with lysine (ML), methylcellulose with lysine-graphene composite (MLG), algae (A), and algae-graphene composite (AG). The pyrolysis process was utilized to convert these natural compounds into carbon-based materials suitable for supercapacitor applications....