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Search results for: safety case
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Review of road safety theories and models
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono rozwój teorii i modeli stosowanych w badaniach bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego oraz wykorzystywanych w zarzadzaniu bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego. Wyrózniono cztery grupy najbardziej rozwiniętych teorii: teorie statystyczne, teorie przyczynowe, teorie systemowe i teorie behawioralne. Według tak podzielonych teorii sklasyfikowano modele stosowane w badaniach i analizach bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego.
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Biopesticides, Safety Issues and Market Trends
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Industrial computer networks and functional safety
PublicationW rozdziale monografii przedstawiono wybrane aspekty bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego na przykładzie przemysłowych sieci komputerowych stosowanych w obiektach infrastruktury krytycznej. Pierwszą cześć rozdziału poświęcono omówieniu klasycznych rozwiązań w zakresie sieci komputerowych. Drugą część rozdziału stanowi analiza przypadku typowej przemysłowej sieci komputerowej z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego.
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Road safety strategy on national roads
PublicationMimo podejmowanych wielu działań w zakresie brd na sieci dróg krajowych w Polsce, rezultaty są dalekie od oczekiwań i zadań postawionych przez Krajowy Program BRD GAMBIT 2005. Można by to tłumaczyć dużym przyrostem liczby pojazdów i wzrostem pracy przewozowej szczególnie na drogach krajowych. Ale porównanie ryzyka występującego na sieci dróg krajowych w Polsce do ryzyka występującego na drogach krajowych najbliższych krajów europejskich...
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Methodological aspects of functional safety assessment
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono aktualne problemy analizy ryzyka i modelowania probabilistycznego w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem funkcjonalnym w cyklu życia systemów związanych z bezpieczeństwem. Zostały wyróżnione dwa podstawowe etapy w cyklu życia tych systemów, a mianowicie etap projektowania i etap eksploatacji. Z powodu złożoności i niepewności może być użyteczna w analizie ryzyka i modelowaniu probabilistycznym informacja zarówno...
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Unsolved issues of The Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban
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Security aspects in functional safety analysis
PublicationA security level of distributed control and protection system may have a significant impact on the results of functional safety analysis. However, the issue of integrating the safety and security aspects is difficult and usually is neglected during the functional safety analysis. This article presents a method of functional safety analysis which takes into consideration a concept of integrating these two aspects. It is based on...
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The effect of processing on the safety and nutritional value
PublicationAgricultural crops as well as animal food raw materials are usually somehow processed before being used by humans. Processing should make them more useful, increase their safety and nutritional value, extend the shelf life, and modify the sensory properties. However, changes and interactions of various compounds in the conditions of processing may generate products toxic or otherwise unsafe for the human organism. The food industry...
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Human Reliability at Ship Safety Consideration
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Dimensioning the Navigational Safety in Maritime Transport
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Vibration testing in buildings and safety of their operation
PublicationThe paper presents the issue of vibrations in residential buildings located near roads. It describes the measurement methodology and criteria for assessing the impact of vibrations generated by passing trucks. The article specifies a method to establish the impact on the operation of the examined facilities and it promotes the idea of employing a Bayesian network to determine probabilistically the level of risk to single-family...
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Preliminary safety assessment of Polish interchanges
PublicationInterchanges are a key and the most complex element of a road infrastructure. The safety and functionality of interchanges determine the traffic conditions and safety of the entire road network. This applies particularly to motorways and express-ways, for which they are the only way to access and exchange traffic. A big problem in Poland is the lack of comprehensive tools for designers at individual stages of the design process....
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Road Infrastructure Safety Management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be identified, assessed and mitigated. Road transport safety is significantly less developed than that of rail, water and air transport. The average individual risk of being a fatality in relation to the distance covered is thirty times higher in road transport that in the other modes. This is...
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Pedestrian Safety in Road Traffic in Poland
PublicationEvery third road accident in Poland involves a pedestrian as a participant or, most of the time, a casualty. Pedestrian accidents are usually the result of complex situations and the outcome of a number of factors related to driver and pedestrian behaviour and road infrastructure. Safety depends largely on how well the traffic condition is perceived and on visibility in traffic. The paper presents the results of analyses of methodologies...
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Road safety management at the strategic level
PublicationZarządzanie ryzykiem jest obecnie jednym z podstawowych narzędzi zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w technice, ekonomii, służbie zdrowia itp. W wielu dziedzinach istnieją unormowane procedury prowadzenia analizy, oceny i redukowania ryzyka. W zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego nie ma powszechnych uregulowań stosowania tej metody zarządzania bezpieczeństwem. Dotychczas dwa zagadnienia zarządzania brd zostały docenione i stały...
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Determining required safety integrity level
PublicationOne of the most important stage of technical system functional safety analysis is defining the safety-related functions as well as determining safety integrity level (SIL) for each defined function. A properly carried out hazard identyfication process is the necessary condition for correct definition of the safety-related functions. Determining the safety integrity level (SIL) is based on risk assessment taking into account risk...
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Effects of Road Infrastructure on Pedestrian Safety
PublicationThe objective of the work was to identify risks for pedestrians that involve road infrastructure and roadside and to define how selected elements of geometry and traffic layout affect driver behaviour (speed on approaching pedestrian crossings). The results have helped to formulate recommendations on pedestrian crossing design. The research included an analysis of 2013-2017 statistics to identify the...
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Problems of ship system design for safety.
PublicationSystem bezpieczny to taki, który nie stwarza ryzyka większego niż przyjęte w odpowiednich kryteriach. Kryteria te mogą być wyrażone jakościowo oraz ilościowo. Bezpieczeństwo jako atrybut systemu może być przedmiotem projektowania. Rozróżniono tutaj dwa przypadki: A - dotyczące systemu dla którego właściwe są kryteria jakościowe i B - dotyczące systemu dla którego zastosowano kryteria ilościowe. W uwagach końcowych przedyskutowano...
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Aspects of maritime security and safety of Poland
PublicationReferat przedstawia wybrane aspekty morskiego bezpieczeństwa Polski. Prezentacja problematyki jest ukierunkowana na problemy techniczne związane z bezpieczeństwem, pozostawiając na uboczu problemy prawne, logistyczne i społeczne. Na wstępie przedstawiono analizę zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa Bałtyku. Następnie opisano wybrane instytucje odpowiedzialne za morskie bezpieczeństwo Polski, ze szczegółowym uwzględnieniem Morskiej Straży...
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Computer aided funcional safety assessment
PublicationReferat porusza wybrane zagadnienia związane z oceną bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego w nawiązaniu do normy międzynarodowej IEC 61508. Podkreśla się znaczenie modelowania probabilistycznego systemów elektrycznych, elektronicznych i programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE). Opisuje się wyznaczanie poziomu nienaruszalności bezpieczeństwa (SIL). W następnym kroku analizy weryfikuje się poziom SIL w procesie modelowania probabilistycznego...
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HEALTH SAFETY OF BREAD IN SMALL BAKERIES
PublicationThe aim of the article is to present the safety and health risks in the production process of bread, supported by research in small bakeries located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Health safety of bread is one of the features that decide its quality. This article additionally presents other determinants influencing the quality of bread. It also demonstrates opinions showing food safety as a separate attribute of quality. The paper...
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PV installations and the safety of residential buildings
PublicationThe dynamic development of the photovoltaic industry entails threats that have a direct impact on the safety of residential buildings. Appropriate design of a PV installation can be a challenge due to the multifaceted nature of this issue. The designer should take into account issues related to the selection of electrical parameters of the installation, adapting lightning and surge protection in accordance...
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Application of advanced CFD simulations in seakeeping analysis of ships (case study)
PublicationThe novel design process of many types of ships needs estimation of seakeeping properties. Especially ships like Offshore Supply Vessels, Wind Farm Support Vessels, Research Vessels, ferries, military vessels, rescue vessels require extended analysis of ship behavior on rough sea. The main reason for improving ships operability in different sea conditions is need of rising efficiency of propulsion system, reducing hull added resistance,...
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Tools for road infrastructure safety management in poland
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Work safety in production processes located in Poland
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The effect of trees in the road crown on road safety
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono problem występowania wypadków związanych z najechaniem na drzewo. Problem ten występuje w Polsce głównie w województwach północnych i zachodnich, co jest związane ze specyficznymi cechami sieci drogowej tego obszaru. Referat przedstawia negatywny wpływ drzew rosnących w koronie drogi na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego oraz określa metody zapobiegania wypadkom związanym z najechaniem na drzewo. Ze względu...
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Time series - the tool for traffic safety analysis
PublicationGłównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobu modelowania i modeli stosowanych w analizach i prognozowaniu odnośnie zmian śmiertelności w wypadkach drogowych w Polsce. W tym celu zastosowano teorię modeli strukturalnych szeregów czasowych przy założeniu, że zarówno ruch drogowy, jak i bezpieczeństwo na drogach są procesami dynamicznymi, w których przeszłość ma znaczący wpływ na teraźniejszość i przyszłość systemu.
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Differences and mutual connections of the transport safety systems
PublicationKażdego dnia w systemie transportowym na świecie ginie ponad 3 tys. osób, z czego większość w wypadkach drogowych. Z punktu widzenia zarządzania bezpieczeństwem, każdy z systemów gałęziowych jest zorganizowany w inny sposób. Dotyczy to baz danych, instytucji zarządzających infrastrukturą transportową i badających wypadki, systemów monitorujących ruch pojazdów, pociągów i statków. Pomimo wielu odrębności w funkcjonowaniu poszczególnych...
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Functional safety analysis including human factors
PublicationThe article addresses selected aspects of human factors that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Safety of Single-Channel Railway Traffic Control
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Variation in global uptake of the Surgical Safety Checklist
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Safety-based approach in multifunctional building design
PublicationABSTRACT: The modern trend in design of the public buildings is to create multifunctional environments in one building, hosting a variety of functions. Multifunctional buildings entertain large number of visitors. The complexity and vulnerability of this type of public space are the main reasons to use within their design process the performance based approach including the recognition of hazards. Safety and reliability approach...
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Hierarchical random models in road transport safety
PublicationIn this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the EU, has been presented. The risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore, generalized Poisson model has been assumed in the modelling process. Multilevel stochastic analysis...
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Regional implementation of a road safety observatory in Poland
PublicationThe paper outlines the background and goals of the Road Safety Observatory in the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. While created it was Poland’s first road safety Observatory, both at the regional and central level. Established in line with the methodology proposed in the European project SafetyNet, together with the planned National Road Safety Observatory it will form part of a Europe-wide network of observatories linked with...
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Numerical methods for the assessment of bridge safety barriers
PublicationThe paper presents a numerical study of the bus crash test for bridge safety barriers. The analysis is conducted with the use of explicit code LS-DYNA. The problem of hourglass effect in shell elements is discussed. The simulations of bus impact against the barrier show that the analyzed barrier withstands the impact forces and restrains the bus trajectory to the bridge road.
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Review of ship safety domains: Models and applications
PublicationShip safety domain is a term which is widely used in research on collision avoidance and traffic engineering among others. Classic ship domains have been compared in multiple reports. However, up till now there has been no work summing up contemporary research in this field. The paper offers a systematic and critical review of the newer ship domain models and related research. It discusses multiple differences in approach to ship...
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Integrated functional safety and cyber security analysis
PublicationThe chapter is devoted some important issues of the functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with regard of the evaluation assurance levels (EAL)...
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Identification of safety hazards and their sources in tram transport
PublicationBoth in Poland and in most countries of the European Union, the tram infrastructure is extensively expanding. Contemporary low-floor trams are constructed according to different technical assumptions than typical railway vehicles or high floor trams. In Poland such vehicles rides often on lines designed according to standards developed to the classical vehicles. At the same time, the intensity of road traffic and the number of...
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Semi-Markov Approach to the Shipping Safety Modelling
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ROAD SAFETY FOR CYCLISTS BASED ON THE CALORIES NEEDED
PublicationCyclists are a vulnerable group of road users, especially when no separate infrastructure for cyclists is provided. Then, road factors such as distance and altitude differences can indirectly affect cyclists' safety. Therefore, the authors proposed a procedure based on the geometric characteristics of the road that can determine riding difficulties for cyclists. The proposed procedure can be used both by the public authorities who...
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Safety at railway level crossings and Vision Zero
PublicationIn this work, safety analysis at the railway level crossings is presented using advanced mathematical modelling. Resistivity of track subgrade panels is taken into account. The analysis does not refer to the assessment of the current regulations. Specific cases of generalized dynamic system are considered by introducing operations S=Δ, S=P defined in space C(N) of real sequences. In this model, generalized discrete exponential...
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Safety and Functionality Assessment of Tram Loops in Wrocław
PublicationThe article presents the implementation of the ISFTL method proposed by the authors consisting in an indicator assessment of the safety and functionality of tram loops. Five tram loops located in Wrocław were analyzed. Each of these loops has different characteristics. The components of each assessment are described in detail and further directions for improving the proposed assessment are indicated.
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The Indicators Assessment of Safety and Functionality of Tram Loops
PublicationThe new requirements set for tram loops mean that all stakeholders' expectations regarding their safety and functionality change. This creates a need for new tools for tram loop assessment, which are important interchanges, especially for people living outside the city limits or on their outskirts. The aim of the authors ’research is to create a indicators for assessing the safety and functionality of tram loops. Therefore, the...
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Effect of the Road Environment on Road Safety in Poland
PublicationRun-off-road accidents tend to be very severe because when a vehicle leaves the road, it will often crash into a solid obstacle (tree, pole, supports, front wall of a culvert, barrier). A statistical analysis of the data shows that Poland's main roadside hazard is trees and the severity of vehicles striking a tree in a run-off-road crash. The risks are particularly high in north-west Poland with many of the roads lined up with...
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Shipping Safety Management on Polish Inland Waterways
PublicationOver the past years, the role of inland waterway transport has increased compared to other modes of transport. The increasing intensity of the inland vessel traffic significantly affects the safety of navigation. The article analyses the main causes of accidents and incidents that occurred on the Odra Waterway and Lower Vistula. The authors have classified those accidents and suggested possible directions for the development of...
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Country Safety Performance Function and the factors affecting it
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę modelowania wpływu wybranych czynników na liczbę ofiar śmiertelnych na poziomie światowym. Do budowy modeli wykorzystano podejście bazujące na ryzyku. Wykorzystano dane z kilkudziesięciu krajów świata.
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Functional Safety Analysis including Human Factors
PublicationIn this paper selected aspects of human factors are discussed that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. The layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their safety integrity levels...
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Integrity level verification for safety-related functions
PublicationThis article describes methods for safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety-related functions with regard to probabilistic criteria given international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. These functions are to be realized using the electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems or safety instrumented systems (SIS). Some methods are proposed for quantitative probabilistic modelling taking into account...
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Environmental safety of a seagoing ship power plant.
PublicationPrzedstawiono probabilistyczne podejście do oceny bezpieczeństwa środowiskowego siłowni statku. Zaproponowano kryterium oceny bezpieczeństwa środowiskowego siłowni statku.
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Modelling and uncertainty in system analysis for safety assessment.
PublicationArtykuł obejmuje zagadnienia związane z modelowaniem i reprezentacją niepewności i ilościowych oszacowaniach ryzyka. Problem jest istotny w praktyce, ponieważ wystęopujhą wymagania przeprowadzenia ocen niepewności miar probabilistycznych i ryzyka. Dyskutuje się potencjalne żródła niepewności i dokonuje sie przeglądu podstaw teoretycznych reprezentacji niepewności. W modelowaniu systemów zawierających nieprecyzyjnie zdefiniowane...