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Search results for: BIOMASS%20LIQUEFACTION
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Liquefaction of macroalgae Enteromorpha biomass for the preparation of biopolyols by using crude glycerol
PublicationThis article describes the liquefaction process of macroalgae Enteromorpha with the use of crude glycerol as a solvent and a reagent, aimed at obtaining of new bio-polyols, which are characterized with respect to their chemical structure, physical and thermal properties. Six different biopolyols were prepared. In order to optimize the liquefaction of algal biomass for the best bio-polyol properties, two catalysts (sulfuric or orthophosphoric...
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Biomass in biogas production: Pretreatment and codigestion
PublicationGlobally, there is increasing awareness that the implementation of ‘waste to energy’ technology is one of the best means to achieve sustainable energy development. The most popular approach is the conversion of organic-rich compounds into clean and renewable products by anaerobic digestion (AD). Biogas can be produced from agricultural residues, municipal/industrial biowastes, and sustainable biomass, especially materials that...
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
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Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites
PublicationThe sustainability of production systems in wood processing, wood industry, and wooden waste disposal is an important issue for European industry and society. Proper development of products based on renewable wood resources gives an opportunity to provide materials with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study aims to establish a new way of forestry and agricultural waste materials utilization by...
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Chemical structures, rheological and physical properties of biopolyols prepared via solvothermal liquefaction of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina biomass
PublicationIn this work, liquefied biomass from the Baltic Sea was used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. The biomass contained 10 wt% of Enteromorpha macroalgae and 90 wt% of Zostera marina seagrass characterized by a high content of cellulose. The influence of time, temperature and the type of solvent on the efficiency of the liquefaction process and properties of biopolyols was determined. Obtained materials were analyzed...
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The study on application of biopolyols obtained by cellulose biomass liquefaction performed with crude glycerol for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams
PublicationIn this work rigid polyurethane foams (PUR) were obtained by replacement of 0–70 wt% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol obtained via cellulose liquefaction in presence of crude glycerol. The foams with different content of a bio-polyol were prepared by single step method for NCO/OH ratio equals 1.5. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and basic physical and...
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Characterization of Highly Filled Glass Fiber/Carbon Fiber Polyurethane Composites with the Addition of Bio-Polyol Obtained through Biomass Liquefaction
PublicationThis work aims to investigate the process of obtaining highly filled glass and carbon fiber composites. Composites were manufactured using previously obtained cellulose derived polyol, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). As a catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate 95% and Dabco® 33-LV were used. It was found that the addition of carbon and glass fibers into the polymer matrix causes an increase in the mechanical properties...
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Valorization of bio-based polyols synthesized via biomass liquefaction
Open Research DataAs the properties of polyols have a huge impact on the properties of manufactured polyurethanes, this study aims to determine the influence of polyethylene glycols with different molecular masses on the course of the biomass liquefaction process and bio-polyol properties. The obtained polyols were characterized by rheological studies. To confirm the...
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Współprądowe zgazowanie wtórnego paliwa odpadowego, biomasy oraz mieszanek paliwa wtórnego z biomasą
PublicationPostępujący wzrost ilości ludzi, wraz ze zmianą stylu życia prowadzi do zwiększającej się konsumpcji energii, oraz produkcji odpadów komunalnych. W skład tych odpadów wchodzą, w coraz większym stopniu tworzywa sztuczne, materiały te podobnie jak odpady ligninocelulozowe, tekstylia czy makulatura są odpadami palnymi mogącymi być wykorzystanymi jako źródło enegii. Składniki te nie zostały oddzielone, jako surowce do recyklingu surowcowego,...
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Pyrolysis Process of Whole Waste Tires as A Biomass Energy Recycling / Piroliza Opon Samochodowych Jako Energetyczny Recykling Biomasy
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Extraction of macroalgae biomass for cosmetics industry Wytwarzanie ekstraktu z biomasy makroglon�w do produkcji kosmetyk�w
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Bio‐polyols synthesized by liquefaction of cellulose: Influence of liquefaction solvent molecular weight
PublicationCurrently, the plastics industry including polyurethanes is based on the use of petrochemicals. For this reason, scientists are looking for new types of renewable resources for the substitution of petrochemical substances. This work aims to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycols (PEG) with different molecular mass impact on properties of bio-based polyols synthesized via biomass liquefaction of cellulose. To date, research...
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Biomath
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
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Biomasa
PublicationPraca przedstawia aktualny stan prawny w Polsce dotyczący biomasy, w szczególności jej prawne definicje zawarte w różnych aktach prawnych. Przedstawiono również właściwości opałowe biomasy. Zgodnie z danymi GUS w roku 2011 ze źródeł odnawialnych pozyskano 312.828 TJ (1012J), co stanowi 10,9% ogólnej ilości wyprodukowanej energii, a w 2012 r. 356.070 TJ co stanowi 11,7% ogólnej ilości pozyskanej energii. Najwięcej energii odnawialnej...
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Suitability of biomass from waste wood composites for liquid biofuel production Możliwość wykorzystania biomasy poużytkowych tworzyw drzewnych w technologii ciekłych biopaliw
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Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
PublicationIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive...
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Nowoczesne metody termochemicznej konwersji biomasy w paliwa gazowe, ciekłe i stałe = Modern methods of thermochemical biomass conversion into gas, liquid and solid fuels
PublicationBiomass utilization through direct- or co-combustion with coal, based on coal, hydrogen and oxygen compounds chemical energy conversion into heat in boilers, is simultaneously the cheapest and - according to experts - economically least effective solution. In case of heat and electricity production in cogeneration process in biomass fueled heat and power stations (wood, straw, energetic plants, RDF etc), investment costs are little...
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Hetero- and Homogeneous Catalysts in Cellulose Liquefaction
PublicationBiomass liquefaction is a well-known and extensively described process. Hydrothermal processes are well understood and can be used in the fuel industry. The use of organic solvents can result in full-fledged products for use in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The plastics industry, including polyurethanes, is targeting new, more environmentally friendly solutions. One of these is the replacement of petrochemical polyols with compounds...
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Briefing: Liquefaction potential of oil-contaminated silty sands
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IMPACT OF DIRECT CURRENT ON NITRIFYING BIOMASS
PublicationEffects of short term exposure of nitrifying biomass to direct current were studied. DC was applied to mixed liquor from municipal BNR plant using graphite electrodes in no substrate limiting conditions. Both, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) populations were affected by the current, however in opposite ways. The AOB population activity was inhibited by applied voltage. Activity decrease was...
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Biomass and Extracts of Algae as Material for Cosmetics
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Effect of poplar (Populus sp.) biomass pretreatment on the yield of its enzymatic hydrolysis Wpływ obróbki wstępnej biomasy z topoli (Populus sp.) na wydajność hydrolizy enzymatycznej
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Energetyczne wykorzystanie biomasy
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono energetyczne wykorzystanie biomasy jako alternatywy dla paliwa pierwotnego. Szczególną uwagę poświecono rodzajom, właściwościom i sposobom przygotowania biomasy do procesu spalania.Spalanie stanowi najstarszy sposób pozyskiwania energii z biomasy,jednak ze względu na technologiczno-ekonomiczne aspekty częściej wykorzystywany jest proces współspalania. Wzrost proekologicznej świadomości i rozwój lokalnego...
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Water needs of production of biomass for energy in Poland
PublicationPrzedstawiono polskie zamierzenia polityczne dotyczące rozwoju produkcji biomasy do celów energetycznych. Produkcja biomasy wymagać będzie zwiększonego zużycia wody przez rośliny. Wprawdzie w Polsce potrzeby wodne roślin energetycznych będą 2-3 krotnie niższe niż w krajach śródziemnomorskich, tym niemniej opady atmosferyczne w Polsce będą niewystarczające i potrzeby wodne wymagać będą nawodnień na poziomie 50% aktualnych opadów...
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Utulization of biomass for heating purposes in pomeranian region
PublicationW publikacji przedstawiono analizę potencjału użycia odnawialnych źródeł energii do produkcji ciepła w regionie pomorskim. Każde miasto regionu zostało oszacowane pod względem potencjału użycia odnawialnych źródeł energii. Dwa obszary miejskie cechują się tym, że mają potencjał pokrycia swojego zapotrzebowania na ciepło tylko ze słomy, czyli możemy rozpatrywać produkcję ciepła z kotłów opalanych słomą jako 100% potencjalne zapotrzebowanie...
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Influence of temperature on the activity of anammox granular biomass.
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine a short-term and long-term effect of temperature on the anammox rate and determination of temperature coefficients in the Arrhenius and Ratkowsky equations. The short-term effects of temperature on the anammox granular biomass were investigated in batch tests at ten different temperatures in the range of 10–55 °C. The maximum overall nitrogen removal rate of 1.3 gN gVSS−1·d−1 was observed...
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Natural Hydroxyapatite as a by-product of industrial biomass gasification
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The potential and actual biomass resources in authority of Wejherowo
PublicationPrzedstawiono charakterystykę biomasy pod kątem jej potencjalnego energetycznego wykorzystania jako proekologiczne źródło energii odnawialnej. Rozważania przeprowadzono na konkretnym przykładzie, typowego dla Polski Północnej powiatu Wejherowskiego. Analizę danych, uzyskane wyniki i wnioski końcowe można z powodzeniem odnieść i wykorzystać do rozwiązania problemów energetycznych w dowolnym rolniczym powiecie, gminie lub małym mieście.
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Compressive Strength and Leaching Behavior of Mortars with Biomass Ash
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Abundance and biomass of bacteria in two Arctic glacial fjords
PublicationTotal numbers and biomass of bacterioplankton in water in two glacial fjords off west Spitsbergen have been studied. Samples were collected from different water depth layers - from the surface to 80-90 m. Total bacterial number (TBN), biomass and morphological structure were determined by the acridine orange direct count method. The highest values of TBN and biomass in the water column were found on stations situated adjacent...
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Conversion of Potato Industry Waste into Fodder Yeast Biomass
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Design and distribution of air nozzles in the biomass boiler assembly
PublicationDue to energy crisis as well as increasing pollution of the environment, renewable energy sources usage increases all over the world. These facts encouraged authors to start research over developing a uniform biomass boiler calculation model. This paper presents a design of biomass boiler assembly created for ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) unit since these systems could achieve strong position in energy industry....
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Biomass potential for heating and electricity purposes in pomeranian region
PublicationW referacie dokonano analizy odnawialnych źródeł energii (RES), użytecznych w obszarze Pomorza z punktu widzenia produkcji ciepła. Każdy Urząd Gminy dokonuje szacowań z uwzględnieniem swojego potencjału RES. W dwóch przypadkach istnieje potencjał w postaci słomy, który może w 100% pokryć zapotrzebowanie na ciepło (ciepło produkowane w kotłach opalanych słomą). Jeden z przypadków omówiono w szczegółach.
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Novel Biomass-Based Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application
PublicationA wide range of polymers were prepared from biomass-derivatives, using different polymerization mechanisms. Well-defined, fully hydroxy-functional polyesters based on aliphatic diols were synthesized, using either conventional metal-based catalysts or the organic superbase 1,5,7-triazabicyclododecene (TBD). Unsaturated polyesters were also made, offering additional functionality to these biobased resins. Metal-catalyzed or enzymatic...
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Application of Algae Biomass and Algae Extracts in Cosmetic Formulations
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Hydrogen production from biomass using dark fermentation
PublicationHydrogen applicability in the power, chemical and petrochemical industries is constantly growing. Efficientmethods of hydrogen generation from renewable sources, including waste products, are currently being de-veloped, even though hydrogen is mainly produced through steam reforming or thermal cracking of natural gasor petroleum fractions. In paper alternative methods of hydrogen production with a particular emphasis on darkfermentation...
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Liquefaction of alder wood as the source of renewable and sustainable polyols for preparation of polyurethane resins
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Liquefaction of alder wood as the source of renewable and sustainable polyols for preparation of polyurethane resins
PublicationLiquefaction of wood-based biomass gives different polyol properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, alder wood sawdust was liquefied with glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) solvents. Liquefaction reactions were carried out at temperatures of 120, 150 and 170 °C. The obtained bio-polyols were analyzed in order to establish the process efficiency, hydroxyl number, acid value, viscosity and structural characteristics...
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Pyrolysis Process of Whole Waste Tires as a Biomass Energy Recycling
PublicationThe article is devoted to the description of material recycling of whole waste tires, including a new method of pyrolysis process, resulting in the final products: technically oil fractions (rubber plasticizer of rubber compounds) or diesel fuels (light, medium and heavy), activated carbon, gas fuel and steel scrap. Operational and performance tests of the first version of the pilot plant, consisting of three contributions cooperating...
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total number and biomass of bacteria in drinking water distribution systems.
PublicationIn the vast water supply network using traditional methods of treatment it is often impossible to maintain a constant and acceptable microbiological quality of water. In Poland the main reason of bacterial re-growth is presence of organic matter and nutrients in the circulating water and prolonged water retention in the network systems due to the decrease of water consumption, which has been observed for the last 20 years. In the...
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Alternative sources of energy from agricultural biomass - an European perspective
PublicationNośniki energii pochodzące z rolnictwa dzielą się na nośniki pierwotne oraz nośniki wtórne. Nośniki pierwotne to drewno, słoma oraz osady ściekowe (analogiczne do torfu niskiego). Nośniki wtórne to biogaz, bioetanol, biodiesel, biowodór oraz gaz pirolityczny. Omawia się zasoby energetyczne biomasy w Unii Europejskiej.
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Biomass of freshwater Cladophora as a raw material for agriculture and the cosmetic industry
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Bioremediation of pharmaceutical effluent by food industry and agricultural waste biomass
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Production of hydrogen from biomass and its separation using membranetechnology
PublicationHydrogen is an important raw material for chemical industry and feasible renewable energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. However, the specie seldom exists in a form of pure H2. Therefore, to obtain hydrogen in volumes suitable to be used as a raw material it is necesary to decompose hydrogen-rich compounds. The carbohydrate-rich biomass can be an important source of hydrogen by applying the process of dark fermentation....
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Comparison of Downdraft and Updraft Gasification of Biomass in a Fixed Bed Reactor
PublicationThe aim of this study was to compare and analyze the gasification process of beech wood. The experimental investigation was conducted inside a gasifier, which can be operated in downdraft and updraft gasification system. The most important operating parameter studied in this paper was the influence of the amount of supply air on the temperature distribution, biomass consumption and syngas calorific value. The results show that...
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Biomasa jako źródło energii odnawialnej
PublicationHistoria wykorzystania biomasy jako źródła energii jest znana od początku istnienia ludzkości i nieodzownie towarzyszy człowiekowi. Spalanie znane jest jako pierwsza metoda konwersji biomasy drzewnej w celu produkcji energii cieplnej, która stanowiła podstawę bytu. Obecnie, po latach eksploatacji, głównym celem gospodarki biomasą jest redukcja odpadów pochodzenia organicznego, zwłaszcza tych, które będą składowane, ale również...
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Zagospodarowanie biomasy metodą fermentacji metanowej
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