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Search results for: LIQUEFIED GASES
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FTIR, NMR and kinetic studies of proton transfer reactions from nitro-substituted diarylmethanes to N-bases with guanidine character
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The significance of the underground experience: Selection of reference design cases from the underground public transport stations and interchanges of the European Union
PublicationAbstract Background Recent research into the way public transport users appreciate stations and interchanges has highlighted several key aspects. Importantly, the optimization of these facilities should not simply aim to resolve dissatisfiers, but should also focus on addressing satisfiers, through the incorporation of factors such as comfort and experience. ‘Soft requirements,’ which have emerged in architecture and urban design,...
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Are 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-hmUra) oxidatively damaged DNA bases or transcription (epigenetic) marks?
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Nickel(II) tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolates with N-heterocyclic bases as additional ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure and spectral studies
PublicationW publikacji przedstawiono metodę syntezy trzech kompleksów silanotiolanowych z takimi N-heterocyklicznymi zasadami jak: pirydyna, 2-metylopirydyna i 3,5-dimetylopirydyna. Dla tych kompleksów przeprowadzono badania X-Ray, analizy elementarnej. Przy pomocy rentgenowskiej analizy strukturalnej wykazano różną koordynację atomu centralnego - niklu.
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The Economic Legacy of Mega Sporting Events. The Impact of Hosting European Olympic Games on GDP Growth Through Infrastructure Development
PublicationIntroduction. The positive legacy of the Olympics is often cited by the International Olympic Committee and national or-ganizers. Some scholars, however, question an uncritical approach to an exclusively positive economic legacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of hosting the Olympics on infrastructure development, with a potential impact on economic growth in the form of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in three phases...
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Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the proton and deuteron transfer reaction between bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)methane and strong nitrogen bases in acetonitrile
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Icosahedral Carborane Superacids and their Conjugate Bases Comprising H, F, Cl, and CN Substituents: A Theoretical Investigation of Monomeric and Dimeric Cages
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About definition of modes and magnetosonic heating in a plasma’s flow: Especial cases of perpendicular and nearly perpendicular wave vector and magnetic field
PublicationDynamics of hydrodynamic perturbations in a plasma depend strongly on an angle between the wave vector and equilibrium straight magnetic field. The case of perpendicular propagation is especial. There are only two (fast) magnetosonic modes since two (slow) ones degenerate into the stationary one with zero speed of propagation. This demands individual definition of wave modes by the links of hydrodynamic relations. These links are...
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High Quality Independent From a Donor: Human Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells—A Practical Analysis Based on 165 Clinical Cases
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PM10 concentration and microbiological assessment of air in relation to the number of acute cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Preliminary report
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Influence of modification of the amino acids ionic liquids on their physico-chemical properties: Ionic liquids versus ionic liquids-supported Schiff bases
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Addressing a bottle neck for regulation of nanomaterials: quantitative read-across (Nano-QRA) algorithm for cases when only limited data is available
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Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Indenopyridin-2-ones and 2-Pyridones via Benzyl Group Transfer: Two Cases of Aza-semipinacol-Type Rearrangement
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Tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolate complexes of manganese(II) with chelating heterocyclic bases - Structure of compounds with a MnN2O2S2 or MnN2OS2 kernel and MeOH within the coordination sphere
PublicationNieliczna, do tej pory, grupa tiolanowych kompleksów manganu (II) wzbogaciła się o układy wywodzące się z tri-tert-butoksysilanotiolu jako źródła liganda. Połączenia te można ustabilizować wprowadzając N-donorowe ligandy chelatujące takie jak 2,2'-bipirydyl (bipy), 1,10-fenantrolina (phen) czy też 2,9-dimetylo-1,10-fenantrolina (neo).Skład związków[(tBuO)3SiS]2Mn(bipy) (2), [(tBuO)3SiS]2Mn(phen)(MeOH)] (3), [(tBuO)3SiS]2Mn(phen)]...
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<p>Potential effects of microbial air quality on the number of new cases of diabetes type 1 in children in two regions of Poland: a pilot study</p>
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Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study
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Applicability of glass fiber as a support material for generation of gase ous standard mixtures using thermal decomposition of the surface compound. Calibration of analytical equipment.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono technikę sporządzania gazowych mieszanin wzorcowych(składnikiem mierzonym był eten) w oparciu o termiczny rozkład związków powierzchniowych. Jako nośnik dla związku powierzchniowego zastosowano włókno szklane. W temperaturze 245 stopni Celsjusza związek powierzchniowy ulega rozkładowi bądź przegrupowaniu uwalniając znaną ilość analitu (etenu). Technika ta umożliwia sporządzanie gazowych mieszanin...
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Analysis of effects of formation of non-condensable gases and water vapor during a severe accident in a boiling water nuclear reactor Analiza skutków powstawania niekondensujących gazów i pary wodnej podczas ciężkiej awarii wrzącego reaktora jądrowego
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New “one‐pot” Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases, derivatives of 1‐amino‐1‐deoxy‐d‐sorbitol: Spectroscopic studies and biological and catalytic activities
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Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters, ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium: application in two cases of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
PublicationAlcohol consumption during pregnancy constitutes one of the leading preventable causes of birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders in the exposed children. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) have been studied as potential biomarkers of alcohol consumption. However, most analytical approaches proposed for their analysis in meconium samples consist of separated extraction procedures...
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The Influence of Substitution of a Phosphorus-Containing Polyol with the Bio-polyol on the Properties of Bio-based PUR/PIR Foams
PublicationIn this work, effects of incorporating of a phosphorus-containing polyol into rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams’ formulations developed with use of two different bio-based polyols, derived from crude glycerol or liquefied cellulose were examined. The bio-polyol derived from crude glycerol was synthesized via two-step process from crude glycerol and castor oil, whereas the bio-polyol derived from liquefied cellulose was...
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Chemical structures, rheological and physical properties of biopolyols prepared via solvothermal liquefaction of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina biomass
PublicationIn this work, liquefied biomass from the Baltic Sea was used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. The biomass contained 10 wt% of Enteromorpha macroalgae and 90 wt% of Zostera marina seagrass characterized by a high content of cellulose. The influence of time, temperature and the type of solvent on the efficiency of the liquefaction process and properties of biopolyols was determined. Obtained materials were analyzed...
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Biopolyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin: structure, rheological, physical and thermal properties
PublicationThe present study examined the application of polyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin in the production of rigid polyurethane foam. Lignin was liquefed in crude glycerol and 1,4-butanediol at diferent temperatures (130–170 °C), without a catalyst and using various biomass concentrations (15 and 30 wt%). The physicochemical properties, process yield, and FTIR-based identifcation of the obtained polyols were...
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A recent developments in polyurethane foams containing a low-cost and pro-ecological modifiers
PublicationDiversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main research trends in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of...
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A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan
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Trends in the new generation of green solvents in extraction processes
PublicationAnalytical chemistry, like other scientific fields, has undergone a number of changes to make it more consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Among the various steps of chemical analysis, without a doubt, sample preparation is the bottleneck in regard to following a green protocol, especially in terms of solvent consumption. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve the environmental friendliness of this...
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Unusual divergence of magnetoacoustic beams
PublicationTwo-dimensional magnetosonic beams directed along a line forming a constant angle h with the equilibrium straight magnetic field are considered. Perturbations in a plasma are described by the system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. The dynamics of perturbations in a beam are different in the cases of fast and slow modes, and it is determined by h and equilibrium parameters of a plasma. In particular, a beam divergence may...
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Numerical modal analysis of a vertical rising steel water gate
PublicationVertical rising steel water gates are very common not only in Poland and Germany but also in other countries of the world. Their popularity is mainly attributed to their simplicity of construction, which makes their production process cheaper and faster when compared to other solutions. The aim of this paper is to conduct a numerical modal analysis to examine the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of a vertical rising steel gate. Two cases...
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Unusual dynamics and nonlinear thermal self-focusing of initially focused magnetoacoustic beams in a plasma
PublicationUnusual thermal self-focusing of two-dimensional beams in plasma which axis is parallel to the equilibrium straight magnetic field is considered. The equi- librium parameters of plasma determine scenario of a beam divergence (usual or unusual) which is stronger as compared with a flow without magnetic field. Nonlinear thermal self-action of a magnetosonic beam behaves differently in the ordinary and unusual cases. Damping of wave...
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Dimethyl ether (DME) as potential environmental friendly fuel
PublicationIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in replacing petroleum fuels with so-called second generation environmental friendly fuels. Compared to traditional petroleum fuels dimethyl ether (DME) could be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) as well as combustion noise. Compared to some of the other leading...
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About Unusual Diffraction and Thermal Self-Action of Magnetosonic Beam
PublicationThe dynamics of slightly diverging two-dimensional beams whose direction forms a constant angle θ with the equilibrium straight magnetic strength is considered. The approximate dispersion relations and corresponding links which specify hydrodynamic perturbations in confined beams are derived. The study is dedicated to the diffraction of a magnetosonic beam and nonlinear thermal self-action of a beam in a thermoconducting gaseous plasma....
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Level and trend uncertainties of Kyoto relevant greenhouse gases in Poland.W: IIASA Home page. Mid-Summer Workshop of Young Scientists Summer Program. 18-19 July 2002, Laxenburg, Austria. Laxenburg: Int. Inst. Applied Syst.** 2002. Dostępny z Internetu: http://www.iiasa.ac.at IIASA - Publications Catalog [s. 1-38, 1 rys. 13 tab. bibliogr. 27 poz.] Poziom i trend niepewności oszacowania emisji gazów cieplarnianych w Polsce
PublicationScharakteryzowano metody określania niepewności szacowania emisji gazów cie-plarnianych z różnych źródeł. Wykonano badania i skomentowano wyniki.
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Modeling emotions for affect-aware applications
PublicationThe chapter concerns emotional states representation and modeling for software systems, that deal with human affect. A review of emotion representation models is provided, including discrete, dimensional and componential models. The paper provides also analysis of emotion models used in diverse types of affect-aware applications: games, mood trackers or tutoring systems. The analysis is supported with two design cases. The study...
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Shooting Gas Cylinders to Prevent Their Explosion in Fire
PublicationGas cylinders in general, and particularly cylinders containing acetylene, constitute a great potential danger to fire and rescue services involved in salvage operations. Experiments show that gas cylinders with acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, CNG, LPG or CO2 may blow after short exposition to heat with very destructive effect as fragments of blown cylinder may fly even several hundred meters. In the case of acetylene the explosion...
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Test Execution Logging and Visualization Techniques
PublicationTraditionally, log traces of test cases ex ecution are stored in textual format and their analysis is done in a post- execution phase. Our approach bases on the concept of gr aphical presentation of te st execution which enables better analysis of log traces and also gives the opportunity to consider them on-line. In particular, we discuss the graphical symbols we chose, we pres ent the logging interface we defined a nd describe...
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Low symptomatic COVID-19 in an elderly patient with follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab-based immunotherapy: A case report
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Liquefaction of alder wood as the source of renewable and sustainable polyols for preparation of polyurethane resins
PublicationLiquefaction of wood-based biomass gives different polyol properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, alder wood sawdust was liquefied with glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) solvents. Liquefaction reactions were carried out at temperatures of 120, 150 and 170 °C. The obtained bio-polyols were analyzed in order to establish the process efficiency, hydroxyl number, acid value, viscosity and structural characteristics...
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Searching for Critical Conditions During Lifeboat Launching – Simulations
PublicationThe article describes numerical simulations of the process of lifeboat launching at the ship’s side. The research is aimed at finding the values of ship motion parameters which appear to be most dangerous for people in the lowered lifeboat due to the generated accelerations. The simplified model of ship hull motion adopted at this research stage bases on a superposition of harmonic motions with given amplitudes and periods in six...
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Quality of Test Specification by Application of Patterns
PublicationEmbedded system and software testing requires sophisticated methods, which are nowadays frequently supported by application of test patterns. This eases the test development process and contributes to the reusability and maintainability of the test specification. However, it does not guarantee the proper level of quality and test coverage in d ifferent dimensions of the test specification. In this paper the quality of the test...
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Thermodynamic interpretation and prediction of CO2 solubility in imidazolium ionic liquids based on regular solution theory
PublicationRegular solution theory (RST) is the most popular model for the interpretation of the interaction between CO2 and ionic liquids. In the present work, the parameters of this model were determined for the CO2 absorption in eleven imidazolium ionic liquids. The y-intercept (A) of the RST model for the investigated imidazolium liquids increases with increasing temperature whereas the slope (B) remains constant. The values of RST parameters...
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Fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric gas sensing with nanocrystalline NiO thin films: A comparison
PublicationNanocrystalline thin films of NiO were prepared by advanced reactive gas deposition, and their responses to formaldehyde, ethanol and methane gases were studied via fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric methods Thin films with thicknesses in the 200–1700-nm range were investigated in as-deposited form and after annealing at 400 and 500 °C. Morphological and structural analyses showed porous deposits with NiO nanocrystals having...
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The importance of individual spray properties in performance improvement of a urea-SCR system employing flash-boiling injection
PublicationThe appropriate mixing of a urea–water solution (UWS) with exhaust gases in a selective catalytic reduction system is crucial to efficiently reduce nitrogen oxides and diminish the deposition of liquid wall film. One of the methods to enhance the mixing of the UWS with the exhaust gases is a flash-boiling injection. Its positive effect has been linked with a reduced Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and improved evaporation, but the...
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Self-refraction of acoustic pulses with shock fronts in some nonequilibrium media
PublicationThe nonlinear self-refraction of acoustic pulsed beams, which include shock fronts, is studied. The medium of sound propagation is a gas where thermodynamically nonequilibrium processes take place, such as exothermic chemical reaction or excitation of vibrational degrees of a molecule’s freedom. Comparative analysis of the features of sound propagation over gases where pure nonlinear attenuation of the shock wave occurs, and gases...
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Research on the phenomena of warming up and free cooling down the car engine
PublicationThe average cold start temperature in Europe is 9 degrees C. However, not the average is the most important for the composition of exhaust gases and associated air pollution. The most onerous for the environment are the winter starts when automotive emissions of harmful gases add up in cities with those of home heating systems. The paper presents preliminary studies of warming up and cooling down processes in various environmental conditions....
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A proposition for integrating elements of game universe by means of behavioral trees
PublicationModern computer games often involve autonomous beings collaborating and competing with each other to reach their objectives in the game universe. It seems only natural to use agent-oriented approach in such cases. This article identifies the rules of building a game universe as an environment for executing agents. The paper also covers a method for decomposing compound behaviors into behavioral trees. Dividing complex behaviors...
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Application of the F-statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution to analyze the significance of the effect of changes in the compression ratio of a diesel engine on the value of the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas flow
PublicationThe paper discusses the impact of changes in the compression ratio on the operating parameters of a diesel engine, e.g. on the temperature of exhaust gases. It presents the construction of the laboratory test stand, on which experimental measurements were realized. It is characterized how the actual changes of the compression ratio were introduced to the existing engine. The program of experimental investigations taking into account...
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Utilization of the zero unitarization method for the building of a ranking for diagnostic marine engine parameters
PublicationChanging some of the parameters of the engine structure affects the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gases This primarily concerns damage in the cargo exchange system as well as in the fuel system and engine boost system. Changes in emissions of harmful compounds are often ambiguous, depending largely on the parameters that shape the combustion process. An additional problem is that often simple but undesired interactions...
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublicationConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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Clean energy in the European Union: Transition or evolution?
PublicationIn this paper, we analyse two phenomena. First, the relationship between greenhouse gases emission and effectiveness of the European Union energy policies and second the transition from the fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. We run two-step data analysis concerning 25 European Union member states in the period from 1990 to 2018. We use information on greenhouse gases emission, introduction of new energy policies, source...
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Wielkie wydarzenia jako katalizator procesów rewitalizacji
PublicationCelem referatu jest naświetlenie procesów rewitalizacji towarzyszących organizacji wielkich wydarzeń w dwóch aspektach: 1) rewitalizacja jako motor lub jako skutek działań; 2) lokalność i regionalność procesów rewitalizacji. Omówieniu tych zjawisk służą przykłady miast-organizatorów wielkich wydarzeń, Sydney (IO 2000), Pekin (IO 2008), Londyn (IO 2012) oraz Gdańsk (Euro 2012) i Szczecin (The Tall Ships Races 2013). Kluczową kwestią...