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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN
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Rheology of polymer blends
PublikacjaPolymer blends are physical mixtures of two or more homopolymers or copolymers. This type of materials have wide spectrum of technological applications, and their properties are influenced, e.g., by the properties of single components and morphology of final material. The rheology of polymer blends is connected with the processing of polymer blends and is influenced by thermodynamics, morphology, and their evolution during testing....
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Origin of bitumen fractions in the Jurassic-early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta Formation in Argentina: insights from organic petrography and geochemical techniques
PublikacjaThis paper investigates chemical functional groups of the two extracted bitumen fractions in shales of the Jurassic to early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta Formation of the Neuquén Basin in Argentina, South America. The results indicate that Bitumen I is strongly aliphatic and appears to be genetically related to fluorescent amorphous organic matter. In contrast, Bitumen II consists of highly condensed, aromatic hydrocarbons, and has some...
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Effect of bitumen characteristics obtained according to EN and Superpave specifications on asphalt mixture performance in low-temperature laboratory tests
PublikacjaThe paper aims to identify those characteristics of bitumen which have the greatest impact on asphalt mixture low-temperature performance. It was observed that stiffness and m-value of bitumen from BBR test were moderately related to stiffness and m-value of asphalt mixture obtained from 3 PB test. Simultaneously those rheological properties significantly impact on cryogenic stresses induced during TSRST test. The multiple regression...
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Polymer electrolytes with ionic liquids
PublikacjaSolid polymer electrolytes are solutions of salts in the macromolecular polymeric compound. Excellent process ability, flexibility, non-flammability and non-reactivity make them ideal materials for electrochemical devices. The problem in their use is limited conductivity. It increases with increasing salt concentration in the polymer, but at the same time the condition is to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer...
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Conducting polymer films for biodegradable metallic cardiovascular stents
PublikacjaIn recent years, there is increasing interest to create biodegradable metallic cardiovascular stents instead of using their permanent form. The most interesting materials for this purpose are iron and its alloys. However, in order to use it in clinical application, their degradation rate and biological performance need to be optimized. One promising solution is coating the metal with conducting polymer films. In this work, short...
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An experimental study on polymer mass
PublikacjaA new method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with specially prepared polymer mass has been recently proposed. The technique is mainly dedicated to historical objects where minimum intervention is permitted. The flexible joint bonds the disrupted elements and ensures further safe exploitation of a damaged structure. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of an experimental study on polymer mass...
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Reactive extrusion of bio-based polymer blends and composites – Current trends and future developments
PublikacjaReactive extrusion is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly method to produce new materials with enhanced performance properties. At present, reactive extrusion allows in-situ polymerization, modification/functionalization of polymers or chemical bonding of two (or more) immiscible phases, which can be carried out on commonly used extrusion lines. Although reactive extrusion has been known for many years, its application...
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Studies on treatment of bitumen effluents by means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in basic pH conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Studies on Treatment of Bitumen Effluents by Means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Basic pH Conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Preliminary Testing of the Influence of Modified Polycaprolactones on Anabaena Variabilis Growth in Seawater
PublikacjaSeveral new biodegradable polymer materials have recently come onto the global market. Mostly the results on degradation kinetic studies are presented. This paper suggests using one of the tests to estimate the impact of polymer packaging material on sea life. The microorganism chosen was Anabaena variabilis (identified in many waters, including those of the Baltic Sea, especially in the Gulf of Gdansk and Puck Bay; this cyanobacterium...
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Planetary roller extruders in the sustainable development of polymer blends and composites – Past, present and future
PublikacjaScrew extruders as continuous flow reactors allow the synthesis of new polymers, preparation of polymer blends and composites, and modification or functionalization of commercially available polymers. Literature data shows that the twin screw extrusion is the most popular solution used for this purpose. In contrast, the number of scientific papers on alternative methods, such as multi-screw extruders, is somewhat limited. This...
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Interface analysis of compatibilized polymer blends
PublikacjaThis chapter seeks to address the interface location in the compatibilized polymer blends and paves the way for quantitative analysis of interface in terms of interfacial tension and interfacial adhesion to provide support for understanding the relationship between morphology and ultimate properties in the compatibilized polymer blends through the lens of interface. Since understanding and analysis of interfacial phenomena in the...
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The application of the Superpave method of climatic zones analysis in Poland with regard to bitumen performance grading
PublikacjaCurrently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard to mainly the penetration value determined at the tempera-ture of 25C. It should be noted that this classification is not correlated with the cli-matic conditions in which the bitumens are to serve in the road pavement. Towards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and im-plemented...
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Experimental examination of an elastomeric polymer
PublikacjaA new method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with a specially prepared elastomeric polymer mass has been recently proposed. This new and innovative technique, known as the Flexible Joint Method (FJM), is mainly dedicated to masonries and historical objects, where minimum intervention is permitted. The flexible joint bonds the disrupted elements and ensures further safe exploitation of a damaged structure....
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Experimental study on effectiveness of polymer dampers in reduction of structural vibrations
PublikacjaVibrations of civil engineering structures, generated by dynamic loads, may be very dangerous to the structures themselves as well as may have significant influence on human perception and comfort. A number of different methods have been proposed in order to minimize such situations. This concern newly designed structures as well as those which dynamic properties have to be modified due to problems with excessive vibrations. One...
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Experimental study on the effectiveness of polymer dampers in reduction of structural vibrations
PublikacjaVibrations of civil engineering structures, generated by dynamic loads, may be very dangerous to the structures themselves as well as may have significant influence on human perception and comfort. A number of different methods have been proposed in order to minimize such situations. This concern newly designed structures as well as those which dynamic properties have to be modified due to problems with excessive vibrations. One...
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Inhibition of Polymer Photodegradation by Incorporation of Coffee Silverskin
PublikacjaOver the last years, the trend associated with the incorporation of materials from renewable resources into polymer technology is getting significantly more vital. Researchers are trying to transfer the properties of natural raw materials into the polymer world. Therefore, different natural materials are more often investigated as potential additives for polymers. Such an effect is noted for the coffee industry by-products, such...
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Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Modified with Shear Thickening Fluid
PublikacjaThis paper aims at using a dilatant or shear thickening fluid (STF) [a non-Newtonian fluid consisting of particles of nano-silica suspended in a liquid medium, i.e., ethylene glycol (EG), which acts as a carrier fluid; proportion 40:60] as additive or modifier of bitumen in order to enhance its viscoelastic properties. A commonly-used performance grading (PG) system, storage stability test, and different conventional and rheological...
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Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-Temperature Strength Properties According to Various Test Methods
PublikacjaIn regions with low-temperatures, action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties...
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Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials Developed by Reactive Extrusion: Present Status and Future Perspectives
PublikacjaThe development of flame retardant polymer materials has two roots, one in materials design, and the other in materials processing. Over recent decades, different types and classes of flame retardant polymer materials have been commercialized to meet safety requirements in the construction, automotive, and coatings industries. In the vast majority of cases, the design and fabrication of new materials presenting low fire hazards...
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Degradation of polycaprolactone modified with TPS or CaCO3 in biotic/abiotic seawater
PublikacjaThis paper is an investigation of the polymer degradation process in two types of seawater (with and without microorganisms) sourced from the Baltic Sea. The chosen polymeric materials were polycaprolactone modified with either thermoplastic starch (PCL/TPS>85%) or calcium carbonate (60% PCL/40% CaCO3) compared directly against unmodified polycaprolactone. All samples were incubated for 28 weeks in seawater with and without microorganisms...
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Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials
PublikacjaDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG)...
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HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS WITH POLYMER LINING
PublikacjaPolymeric linings of sliding surfaces of the hydrodynamic bearings have been used successfully for over 50 years. Despite of their long history of operation and research, they have not become wide spread in industrial applications. This fact may be surprising, considering th e conclusions that have been published concerning bearing operation and design. This paper summarizes the current...
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Rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected layered silicate nanofillers
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different nanofillers on the properties of rigid polyurethane foams, which were prepared by a one-step, laboratory-scale method from a two-component system at the ratio of NCO groups to OH groups equaled to 2. The reaction mixture consisted of the proper amounts of the commercial oligoether polyol, catalysts, water, nanoclays, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate....
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Degradation of Polycaptolactone Modified with TPS or CaCO3 in Biotic/Abiotic Sewater
PublikacjaThe polymer degradation process in two types of water sourced from the Baltic Sea was investigated. Polycaprolactone modified with thermoplastic starch(PCL/TPS>85%) or calcium carbonate (60% PCL/40% CaCO3)and PCL alone were incubated for 28 weeks in sea water with and without microrganisms. The experimental results indicated that in each of the experiments degradation occured. The process was more effective in sea water with microorganisms.Modification...
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The effectiveness of polymer adhesive in reduction of vibrations of structural members
PublikacjaIn this paper, the idea of using polymer adhesive as a damping layer is proposed. An experimental study of two aluminium cantilevered beams has been conducted. One of them presents a plain cantilevered beam, while the second one considers two aluminium beams bonded with a polymer adhesive of different thickness (0,5; 1,2; 1,75; 3,1 and 5 mm). The polymer adhesive considered in the study is a specially designed flexible...
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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Microporous Polyurethanes Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide
PublikacjaMicroporous polyurethanes (MPU) were modified by adding 0.25%–1.25 wt% of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The materials were prepared without solvent via in situ polymerization. From a technological point of view, it is very important to obtain functional materials by using reacting compounds only. The thermal characteristics of obtained MPU were investigated using TGA, DSC, and DMA techniques. In comparison to nonmodified microporous...
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Biodegradable Polymer Packaging Materials in Seawater Environment
PublikacjaIn this chapter, our interest is directed into dea/ocean/lakes biodegradable environment for polymer packaging materials from two different points of view.
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Unveiling of polymer/fullerene blend films morphology by ellipsometrically determined optical order within polymer and fullerene phases
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Some kind of joints in composite polymer bridges
PublikacjaContemporary, polymer composites bridge structures are of two types: truss or arch structures(with many joints along the length) and beam structures with limited number of joints. Both of them have special types of composite polymer decks. An ideal solution is to join advantages of two types of structuresdescribed below and create long span FRP beam bridge structure system using joints along the length. Theproblem is to find the...
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Recent Advances in Development of Waste-Based Polymer Materials: A Review
PublikacjaLimited petroleum sources, suitable law regulations, and higher awareness within society has caused sustainable development of manufacturing and recycling of polymer blends and composites to be gaining increasing attention. This work aims to report recent advances in the manufacturing of environmentally friendly and low-cost polymer materials based on post-production and postconsumer wastes. Sustainable development of three groups...
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Influence of the Addition of Recycled Aggregates and Polymer Fibers on the Properties of Pervious Concrete
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to check the possibility of reusing aggregate from recycled concrete waste and rubber granules from car tires as partial substitution of natural aggregate. The main objective was to investigate the effects of recycled waste aggregate modified with polymer fibers on the compressive and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and permeability of pervious concrete. Fibers with a multifilament structure and...
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Recent advances in compatibilization strategies of wood-polymer composites by isocyanates
PublikacjaWood-polymer composites technologies are gaining more and more attention in the scientific community, positively affecting the increase in their industrial applications, for example, automotive, building, 3D printing, etc. Many research works are focused on the improvement in matrix–lignocellulosic filler interactions to produce highly filled composites with satisfying performance properties. In this field of research, using isocyanates...
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Review: synthetic polymer hydrogels for biomedical applications
PublikacjaSynthetic polymer hydrogels constitute a group of biomaterials, used in numerous biomedical disciplines, and are still developing for new promising applications. The aim of this study is to review information about well known and the newest hydrogels, show the importance of water uptake and cross-linking type and classify them in accordance with their chemical structure.
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Experimental determination of basic mechanical properties of elastomeric polymer
PublikacjaThere are a lot of different methods of repairing and reinforcing damaged structures, but when it comes to historical buildings and other cultural heritage objects, it is as much about mechanical safety as the aesthetical aspects. Recently, a new and innovative method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with a specially prepared polymer mass has been proposed. This new and innovative technique, known as the Flexible...
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Haemocompatibility of Modified Nanodiamonds
PublikacjaThis study reports the interactions of modified nanodiamond particles in vitro with human blood. Modifications performed on the nanodiamond particles include oxygenation with a chemical method and hydrogenation upon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plasma treatment. Such nanodiamonds were later incubated in whole human blood for different time intervals, ranging from 5 min to 5 h. The morphology of red blood cells was assessed along...
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Advanced super-hydrophobic polymer-based porous absorbents for the treatment of oil-polluted water
PublikacjaThe threat of environmental pollution caused by spilled oil is rapidly increasing along with the expansion of oil exploration, the development of maritime activities and industrial growth. Oil spill incidents usually affect seriously the ecosystem and human life. Therefore, the treatment and recovery of the oil spill have been considered as an ultra-important issue to protect the environment and to minimize its negative impacts...
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Emission Profiles of Volatiles during 3D Printing with ABS, ASA, Nylon, and PETG Polymer Filaments
PublikacjaIn this short communication we characterize the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing using four polymer materials, namely polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), Nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Detailed emission profiles are obtained during thermal degradation of the polymers as a function of temperature...
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Application of polymer element in reduction of temporary steel grandstand vibrations
PublikacjaThe numerical analysis focused on reduction of vibrations of a temporary steel scaffolding grandstand has been conducted in this paper. These types of structures are regularly subjected to dynamic loads which, in conjunction with light and quite slender structural members, may induce dangerous vibrations. To increase their safety, temporary steel grandstands are usually strengthened with the diagonal stiffeners of tubular cross...
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EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE STABILITY OF PITCH- BASED POLYMER TO THERMO-OXIDATIVE ACTION
PublikacjaThe influence of stabilizers – hydrogen donors – on the processes of thermooxidative destruction of pitch-based polymer has been investigated. It is shown that Irganox has not stabilizing effect on pitch-based polymer and melamine slightly retards the destructive process. A mixture of melamine and Irganox exhibits synergetic stabilizing effect and at the optimum ratio it can be used to prevent unwanted thermooxidative processes...
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Modified DNA polymerases for PCR troubleshooting
PublikacjaPCR has become an essential tool in biological science. However, researchers often encounter problems with difficult targets, inhibitors accompanying the samples, or PCR trouble related to DNA polymerase. Therefore, PCR optimization is necessary to obtain better results. One solution is using modified DNA polymerases with desirable properties for the experiments. In this article, PCR troubleshooting, depending on the DNA polymerase...
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Technological aspects of manufacturing polymer packaging materials degradable in seawater environment
PublikacjaIn recent years, the number of polymer materials used in the food packaging market was growing extremely fast. This contributed to depletion of non-renewable resources and more intense degradation of the environment due to resistant polymer. Therefore, such a dramatic situation has forced researchers to look for biodegradable materials, decomposable under action of microorganism. Currently, only a small number of researches examine...
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Experimental study on polymer mass used to repair damaged structures
PublikacjaA new method of repairing damaged structures by injecting the cracks with specially designed polymer mass (flexible two-component grout based on polyurethane resin) has been recently proposed. The technique is mainly dedicated to damaged masonries, especially historical structures where minimum intervention is permitted. The cracks are filled with the special injection, forming the flexible joints bonding the disrupted structural...
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Experimental study on static and dynamic properties of polymer mass
PublikacjaA new method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with a specially prepared polymer mass has been recently proposed. This new and innovative technique, known as the Flexible Joint Method (FJM), is mainly dedicated to masonries and historical objects, where minimum intervention is permitted. The flexible joint bonds the disrupted elements and ensures further safe exploitation of a damaged structure. The aim of the...
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Sorbents modified by deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques
PublikacjaIn recent years, considerable attention has been directed towards the employment of green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents (DES), in liquid phase microextraction techniques. However, comprehensive and organized knowledge regarding the modification of sorbent surface structures with DES remains limited. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of DES in modifying and improving the properties of sorbents for microextraction...
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Temperature Sensors Based on Polymer Fiber Optic Interferometer
PublikacjaTemperature measurements are of great importance in many fields of human activities, including industry, technology, and science. For example, obtaining a certain temperature value or a sudden change in it can be the primary control marker of a chemical process. Fiber optic sensors have remarkable properties giving a broad range of applications. They enable continuous real-time temperature control in difficult-to-reach areas, in...
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rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected nanofillers
PublikacjaThe nanofillers: natural montmoryllonite (MMT) - Bentonite, natural MMT modified with a quaternary ammonium salt - Cloisite30B, has been used in rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The influence of fillers amounts on processing parameters, physical-mechanical properties (density, water absorption, brittleness and compression strength) and thermal properties (thermal stability, fire behaviours) of such foams has been analysed. The...
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Biodegradable polymer packaging materials - influence on environment
PublikacjaAwareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of biodegradable polymers. Biodegradation of various polymers have been studied under diverse environments like in soil, in sewage sludge, in compost conditions and in sea water by different research groups. The aim of this paper is to present the research methods on the biodegradation of the commercially available biodegradable...
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MANDARIN PEEL AS AN AUSPICIOUS FUNCTIONAL FILLER FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES
PublikacjaThis work describes the application of mandarin peel (MP) as a waste filler for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The main goal was to investigate the impact of the filler's essential oils, which include multiple terpenes and terpenoids, on the processing, physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites as a function of different filler content (1 – 10 wt%), as well as its effect on the color and...
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Degradation of modified TPS in natural and industrial compost
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to determine in the pilot studies the degree of decomposition of modified by us thermoplasic starch (potato starch).Commercial and new obtained by us foils were tested in an open roofing at normal weather conditions. The most visible changes were observed in TPS modified by epoxidized soybean oil and arabic gum contrary to commercial foils where there was no mass change observed.