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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MULTISNUSIODAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY
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The effects of bifunctional linker and reflux time on the surface properties and photocatalytic activity of CdTe quantum dots decorated KTaO3 composite photocatalysts
PublikacjaNovel CdTe-KTaO3composite photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by using thioglycolic acid(TGA) or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as linker molecules which facilitated attachment of CdTequantum dots to the surface of KTaO3nanocubes. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterizedby UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy...
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Koncepcja i analiza sensora/aktuatora piezoelektrycznego do pomiaru procesu starzenia się ludzkiej skóry
PublikacjaNiniejszy artykuł przedstawia nową koncepcję piezoelektrycznego sensora/aktuatora przeznaczonego do pomiaru właściwości mechanicznych tkanek miękkich a w szczególności skóry ludzkiej. Wyjaśnione jest analityczne podejście z wykorzystaniem schematu zastępczego Mason’a określającego aktuator w stanie rezonansu oraz opis metody impedancji elektromechanicznej wykorzystanej w systemie pomiarowym. Analiza z użyciem metody elementów...
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Structural and luminescence properties of B2O3-Bi2O3-AlF3 glass doped with Eu3+, Tb3+ and Tm3+ ions
PublikacjaThe B2O3-Bi2O3-AlF3 glass system doped with Eu3+, Tb3+, Tm3+ and triply doped with Eu3+/Tm3+/Tb3+ ions in different molar ratios were successfully synthesized. Glass transition and crystallization temperatures were examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous character of the samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the glass matrix...
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Influence of Two-Stage Anodization on Properties of the Oxide Coatings on the Ti–13Nb–13Zr Alloy
PublikacjaThe increasing demand for titanium and its alloys used for implants results in need of such innovative surface treatment that may jointly increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and demonstrate antibacterial protection at no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this research was to characterize the effect of two-stage anodization, performed for 30 min in phosphoric acid, at the presence of hydrofluoric acid in the second stage....
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Naphthyl-vs. anthrylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxamides in cation binding studies. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties
PublikacjaPyridine-2,6-carboxamides bearing - or -naphthyl- and - or -anthryl- residues were prepared using simple method from pyridine-2,6-carboxylic acid dichloride and the respective aromatic amines. For the obtained receptors selective binding of lead(II), and copper(II) was found. Ion-receptor interactions were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, 1H NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The reversible lead(II) and copper(II)...
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3-phase medium frequency transformer for a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge converter
PublikacjaThe article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter. The transformer design is detailed focusing on winding and core power loss calculation. The high power three-phase MFT prototype is presented. The experimental results include the transformer impedance characteristics, no load test and three-phase DAB full load test waveforms
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Perovskite-type KTaO3–reduced graphene oxide hybrid with improved visible light photocatalytic activity
PublikacjaNovel rGO–KTaO3 composites with various graphene content were successfully synthesized using a facile solvothermal method which allowed both the reduction of graphene oxide and loading of KTaO3 nanocubes on the graphene sheets. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier...
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Pilot-Scale Studies of WO3/S-Doped g-C3N4 Heterojunction toward Photocatalytic NOx Removal
PublikacjaDue to the rising concentration of toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air, effective methods of NOx removal have been extensively studied recently. In the present study, the first developed WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile method to remove NOx in air efficiently. The photocatalytic tests performed in a newly designed continuous-flow photoreactor with an LED array and online monitored NO2 and NO system...
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Preparation and Characterization of Defective TiO2. The Effect of the Reaction Environment on Titanium Vacancies Formation
PublikacjaAmong various methods of improving visible light activity of titanium(IV) oxide, the formation of defects and vacancies (both oxygen and titanium) in the crystal structure of TiO2 is an easy and relatively cheap alternative to improve the photocatalytic activity. In the presented work, visible light active defective TiO2 was obtained by the hydrothermal reaction in the presence of three different oxidizing agents: HIO3, H2O2, and...
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Novel nitrogen precursors for electrochemically driven doping of titania nanotubes exhibiting enhanced photoactivity
PublikacjaNitrogen doped titania nanotubes were successfully sensitized by electrochemical method, i.e. as-anodized titania was immersed in different amine (diethyleneamine-DETA, triethyleneamine-TEA, ethylenediamine-EDA) and urea (U) solution and a constant potential was applied. The highly ordered morphology of fabricated N-TiO2 was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. Spectroscopic techniques, i.e. UV-Vis spectroscopy,...
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Feedline Alterations for Optimization-Based Design of Compact Super-Wideband MIMO Antennas in Parallel Configuration
PublikacjaThis letter presents a technique for size reduction of wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas. Our approach is a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, the antenna structure is modified to improve its impedance matching. This is achieved through incorporation of an n-section tapered feedline, followed by reoptimization of geometry parameters. Reducing the maximum in-band reflection well beyond the acceptance...
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Constrained optimization for generating gain-bandwidth design trade-offs of wideband unidirectional antennas
PublikacjaBroadband unidirectional antennas realised in microstrip technology find applications in many wireless communication systems. One of their design challenges is the necessity of handling multiple performance figures which is difficult when using traditional design methods, largely based on parameter sweeping. This work presents a simple optimisation-based framework that permits generation of gain-bandwidth trade-off designs for...
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A Broadband Circularly Polarized Wide-Slot Antenna with a Miniaturized Footprint
PublikacjaThis letter presents a novel and simple feeding technique for exciting orthogonal components in a wide-slot antenna. In this technique, a rectangular bracket-shape parasitic strip is placed at the open end of the straight microstrip line to excite the fundamental horizontal and vertical components of the circular polarization (CP). The proposed technique—when employed in conjunction with the asymmetrical geometry of coplanar waveguide...
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Low-Profile Interdigitated UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Metallic Objects
PublikacjaThis article presents a novel miniature interdigitated ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna that can be placed on metallic objects. The tag structure comprises two horizontal strip lines, each loaded with seven identical open stubs, and an integrated circuit (IC) chip connected directly to the feed lines in the middle of the structure. The perfect match to the IC chip’s impedance is realized...
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XPS study of the lithium titanate doped by copper
Dane BadawczeLithium titanate doped by copper was measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. For sol-gel synthesis lithium acetate dehydrate from Alfa Aesar GmbH &Co and titanium (IV) butoxide 97% from Aldrich were used as reagents. Copper (II) nitrate from Alfa Aesar was used as a source of Cu dopant. It was added in the proper weight to get an x index equal...
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Optoelectronic system for monitoring of thin diamond layers growth
PublikacjaDevelopment of the optoelectronic system for monitoring of diamond/DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) thin films growth during mu PA ECR CVD (Microwave Plasma Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition) process is described. The multi-point Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and Raman spectroscopy were employed as non-invasive optoelectronic tools. Dissociation of H-2 molecules, excitation and ionization of hydrogen...
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Incorporation of nitrogen in diamond films – A new way of tuning parameters for optical passive elements
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the impact of nitrogen incorporation in diamond films for the construction of an interferometric sensor to measure displacement. Diamond films with different nitrogen levels (0–5%) were deposited on silicon substrates by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The structural characteristics of these samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal...
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SPTNO ceramics measured by XPS method
Dane BadawczeSPTNO (Sr-Pr-Ti-Ni-O) ceramic were manufactured by solid state reaction, from oxides compounds. Synthesis conducted in air atmosphere at temperature in a range of 800-900 deg. Chemical composition of prepared materials were measured by XPS (X-Ray photoemision spectroscopy) method. UHV OmicronNanotechnology system with 128 channel Argus hemispherical...
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A novel concept for tissue-metal detection and differentiation using an inductive proximity sensor
PublikacjaIn this paper a novel application of inductive proximity sensors for detection of living tissue by means of measurements of the coil impedance changes at different frequencies is described. The mathematical analyses utilizing Bessel function estimation include detected object size and its distance from a sensor. The main aim of this study is to prove the possibility of distinguishing between metal objects and living tissues. The...
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Domain Reduction in Hybrid Technique for Electromagnetic Wave Scattering Problems
PublikacjaThis paper proposes a combination of the field matching technique, finite element method and generalized impedance matrix, the main idea of which is to reduce the computational domain by surrounding a scatterer with the smallest convex shape and applying the field matching technique. This approach can be applied for arbitrary shaped scatterers and types of materials and allows for the reduction of the computational domain. In order...
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Hybrid Analysis of Structures Composed of Axially Symmetric Objects
Publikacja— A hybrid method for the scattering problems in shielded and open structures is presented. The procedure is based on the combination of body-of-revolution involving finite-element methods with impedance matrix formulation and the mode-matching technique, which can be utilized for the analysis of structures with axially symmetrical scatterers. In order to confirm the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach, a few examples...
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Hydrogen migration in formation of NH(A3Π) radicals in photodissociations of isoxazole and pyridine molecules
PublikacjaIn the present study, the H atom migration was observed in the photodissociation processes of the isoxazole and pyridine molecules in the gas-phase, applying the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (PIFS).
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Micro-Raman spectroscopy in the studies of multiphase separated polyurethanes. [online] W: [Proc.] UTECH Europe 2003 . The International Polyurethane Industry Conference and Exhibition. 25/26/27 March 2003, The Hague, Netherlands. London: Crain Communications Ltd. Dostępny w World Wide Web: http://UTECH-2003.com + wydruk.**2003 [s. 123-130 bibliogr. 41 poz.]Mikro-Ramanowska spektroskopia w badaniach poliuretanów wykazujących separację wielofazową.
PublikacjaPrzedmiotem badań były trzy próbki poliuretanowe o zawartości 30% segmentówsztywnych otrzymanych z politlenku propylenu, diizocyjanianu difenylometanui butanodiolu. Próbki te wykazują morfologię wielofazową, w której można wy-różnić globule i sferolity rozproszone w matrycy polimerowej.Za pomocą spek-troskopii mikro-Ramana przeprowadzono mikroanalizę chemiczną wszystkich ele-mentów morfologicznych. Stwierdzono odmienny skład...
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Analiza oddziaływań w kryształach związków zawierających w strukturze pierścień pirydynowy
PublikacjaMożliwość tworzenia się wiązań wodorowych jest kluczowym parametrem z punktu widzenia inżynierii kryształu, ponieważ wiązania wodorowe mają bezpośredni wpływ na strukturę oraz trwałość sieci krystalicznej. Głównym celem niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej była analiza porównawcza wiązań wodorowych występujących w układach, zawierających w strukturze pierścień pirydynowy. Badane układy podzielono na: (1) układy ze związkami krzemosiarkowymi...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of series resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element series resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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A Series-Inclined-Slot-Fed Circularly Polarized Antenna for 5G 28-GHz Applications
PublikacjaThis letter presents the design of a single-point-fed, geometrically simple circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 28 GHz Ka-band applications. The proposed antenna is based on a straight microstrip line printed on one side and coupled with the nearly square patches through a 45-degree inclined V-shape slot aperture on the other side. In order to generate circular polarization, the fundamental radiating mode is degenerated at a...
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Charge Transport in High-Entropy Oxides
PublikacjaThis work presents the results of research on the transport properties of the high-entropy BaZr1/8Hf1/8Sn1/8Ti1/8Y1/8In1/8Sm1/8Yb1/8O3–x perovskite oxide with special focus on proton transport. The presented study is part of broader work in which we focus on multiple different chemical compositions with the cation number varying from 5 up to 12 (in B-sublattice). The presence of proton defects is analyzed with thermogravimetry,...
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Catalytic impact of alloyed Al on the corrosion behavior of Co50Ni23Ga26Al1.0 magnetic shape memory alloy and catalysis applications for efficient electrochemical H2 generation
PublikacjaThe electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of Co50Ni23Ga27-xAlx (x = 0 and 1.0 wt%) magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) was studied in 0.5 M NaCl solutions using various electrochemical techniques. Results showed remarkable activation of the tested MSMA toward pitting corrosion upon alloying it with Al. XPS examination confirmed the activation influence of alloyed Al. It proved that the presence of Al in the alloy's matrix weakens...
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Optical and photocatalytic properties of rare earth metal-modified ZnO quantum dots
PublikacjaA series of novel ZnO quantum dots modified with rare earth metals was successfully prepared by a simple sol-gel approach. The effects of types (Eu, Er, Tb, Yb, Ho, La) and amounts (from 0.09 to 0.45 mmol) of lanthanides on the optical properties, structural characterization and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/RE QDs were systematically investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform...
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Structural investigations of niobium-doped bioactive calcium-phosphate glass-ceramics by means of spectroscopic studies
PublikacjaSynthetic calcium-phosphate based glasses and glass-ceramics play a crucial role in the development of tissue engineering. These materials have a high biocompatibility with biological analogues, excellent ability to undergo varying degrees of resorbability and due to their non-toxicity and relatively high bioactivity they are commonly used as bone and dental implants. A substantial research effort is devoted to improve synthetic...
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Novel microstrip low-pass filters with fractal defected ground structures
PublikacjaIn this study, three microstrip low-pass filters (LPFs) containing fractal-shaped defected ground structures have been designed and manufactured. To improve the performance of microstrip LPF, cascades of inductively coupled fractal resonators have been applied. Simultaneously, to achieve relatively constant microstrip impedance resulting in essentially low reflection losses, a modification of the strip geometry has been introduced....
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A body position influence on ECG derived respiration
PublikacjaAn influence of a human body position on ECG derived respiration (EDR) signal is presented in the paper. Examinations were performed during deep, suspended and normal breathing for eight people in four different body positions. EDR and thoracic impedance signals were compared using correlation and standard deviation coefficients. Obtained results have shown that it is possible to monitor breath activity of people being in different...
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Low-Cost Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microwave Components Using Nested Kriging
PublikacjaIn the paper, a recently reported nested kriging methodology is employed for modeling of miniaturized microwave components. The approach is based on identifying the parameter space region that contains high-quality designs, and, subsequently, rendering the surrogate in this subset. The results obtained for a miniaturized unequal-power-split rat-race coupler and a compact three-section impedance transformer demonstrate reliability...
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Differential analysis of dynamic immittance spectra
PublikacjaThis work presents a new approach to the analysis of immittance spectrograms of systems characterised by non-stationarity. The possibility of linking the evolution of the immittance response with changes in the parameters describing the system is achieved by introducing a spectrum in differential form. By using the above procedure, it becomes possible to separate elements with a dependence (or lack thereof) from an independent...
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Incorporation of nitrogen in diamond films - A new way of tuning parameters for optical passive elements
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the impact of nitrogen incorporation in diamond films for the construction of an interferometric sensor to measure displacement. Diamond films with different nitrogen levels (0–5%) were deposited on silicon substrates by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The structural characteristics of these samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy...
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The 3d Ce XPS spectra of Ce0.9M0.1O2
Dane BadawczeThe dataset consists of 3d Ce XPS of Ce0.9M0.1O2 where (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis (XPS) was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer Omnicron NanoTechnology with 128-channel collector. XPS measurements were undertaken in ultra-high vacuum conditions, below 1.1x10-8 mbar. Photoelectrons were excited by an...
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SEM image and EDS map of SrTi0.50Fe0.50O3-d powder aglomerate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains image of the SrTi0.50Fe0.50O3-d powder aglomerate with EDS map analysis results. Images were obtained using a PhenomXL (Thermo Fisher Scientific, the Netherlands) scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV in a high vacuum mode. The chemical compositions of the investigated powder were determined...
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SEM image and EDS map of SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3-d powder aglomerate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains image of the SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3-d powder aglomerate with EDS map analysis results. Images were obtained using a PhenomXL (Thermo Fisher Scientific, the Netherlands) scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV in a high vacuum mode. The chemical compositions of the investigated powder were determined...
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SEM image and EDS map of SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d powder aglomerate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains image of the SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d powder aglomerate with EDS map analysis results. Images were obtained using a PhenomXL (Thermo Fisher Scientific, the Netherlands) scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV in a high vacuum mode. The chemical compositions of the investigated powder were determined...
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Red Algae – An Alternative Source of Carbon Material for Energy Storage Application
PublikacjaNew electrode material obtained by pyrolysis of aquatic biomass macro (red algae) soaked with glucose solution has been characterized by SEM, EDX and Raman spectroscopy. Graphitized carbon was identified by Raman spectroscopy. Galvanostatic cyclic polarization of the materials in contact with 1M LiPF6 electrolyte in EC:DMC (1:1 v/v) and Li as a counter electrode was performed. Specific capacity of the novel material was enhanced...
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Characterization of the c-BN/TiC, Ti3SiC2 systems by element selectivespectroscopy.
PublikacjaPomimo dużego technologicznego zainteresowania tytanowymi kompozytami bazującymi na c-BN daje się zauważyć wyraźny brak danych dotyczących lokalnego otoczenia atomów Ti w tego typu materiałach. Główna przyczyna tego stanu rzeczy tkwi w trudności związanej z analizą układu wielofazowego o dużej twardości za pomocą konwencjonalnych metod. Praca poświęcona jest analizie składu i struktury tytanowych kompozytów za pomocą atomowo-selektywnych...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 frequency of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 frequency at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 capacity of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 capacity at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 frequency of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 frequency at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 capacity of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 capacity at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Broadband Modeling of Motor Cable Impact on Common Mode Currents in VFD
PublikacjaExamination of conducted EMI generation and propagation in AC motor drives fed by frequency converter requires to consider parasitic capacitances in converters, motor windings and feeding cables to be taken into account. AC motor winding voltage transients and related common mode currents are significantly correlated with resonance effects occurring in converter's load circuits. Intensity levels of these phenomena depend...
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Motor Cable Influence on the Conducted EMI Emission of the Converter Fed AC Motor Drive. - Vol. 1
PublikacjaInvestigation of conducted electromagnetic interference in AC motor drives fed by pulse width modulated voltage converters requires considering parasitic capacitances in converters, motor windings and feeding cables to be taken into account. Motor voltage transients and related conducted electromagnetic emission are significantly correlated with resonance effects occurring in load circuits. The levels of intensity of these phenomena...
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Synthesis and characterization of novel renewable polyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 2,3-butanediol
PublikacjaNovel polyesters from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid or 2,5-dimethyl-furandicarboxylate and 2,3-butanediol have been synthesized via bulk polycondensation catalyzed by titanium (IV) n-butoxide, tin (IV) ethylhexanoate, or zirconium (IV) butoxide. The polymers were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), matrix-assisted laser ionization-desorption...