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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LEAKAGE
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Leakage Current Measurements of Surge Arresters
PublikacjaThe paper presents the methods of assessing the technical condition of varistor surge arresters used in laboratory tests and in operation—performed without disconnecting the arresters from the network. The analysis of the diagnostic methods was supplemented with the results of the measurements of the leakage current of arresters coming directly from their production and used in the power industry. Among the available methods of...
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The problem of “spectrum leakage” in the measurement of harmonics
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Groundwater contamination by the leakage from the landfill.
PublikacjaJednym z poważnych zagrożeń środowiska są stare składowiska odpadów z uwagi na ich nieodpowiednią lokalizację bądź zabezpieczenia nie spełniające obecnie obowiązujących wymagań i unormowań prawnych. Sytuację taką zaobserwowano na analizowanym obszarze badawczym, gdzie pod powierzchnia terenu stwierdzono obecność różnorodnych odpadów jak plastik, guma, żużel, papier, drewno, czy gruz. Aktualnie odpady przykrywa z góry warstwa pyłu...
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Analysis of leakage flux in deenergized transformer
PublikacjaThe article presents the numerical analysis of the magnetic field that occurs around the transformer after it has been switched off. The purpose of this analysis was to determine if it is possible to define the residual fluxes in the legs of transformer based on the measurements of this field. These studies have allowed us to determine the quantity and location of the sensors. The influence of the Earth's magnetic field has also...
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Research of leakage magnetic field in deenergized transformer
PublikacjaThe article deals with the issue of the numerical analysis of the magnetic field occurring around the transformer after it has been powered down. The main goal of this analysis was to examine if it is possible to identify the residual fluxes in the transformer legs based on this fields’ measurements. It was also intended to determine the type and the location of magnetic sensors. Numerical analysis of the magnetic field was performed....
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Reduction of the Velocity Impact on the Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal
PublikacjaThe velocity effect on the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal was investigated in this paper. Experiments were performed for velocity of the MFL tool within the range of 0–2 m/s. The velocity was not constant during each measurement to imitate real operational conditions of the MFL tool. Two components of the leakage were measured, i.e. the tangential to the motion direction (x) and the normal to the investigated surface (z). In...
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MultiRegional PCA for leakage detection and localisation in DWDS - approach
PublikacjaMonitoring is one of the most important parts in advanced control of complex dynamic systems. Information about systems behavior, including failures indicating, enables for efficient control. The chapter describes an approach to detection and localisation of pipe leakage in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) representing complex and distributed dynamic system of large scale. Proposed MultiRegional Principal Component Analysis...
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Determination of leakage inductances of multi-winding and single-phase transformer
PublikacjaThis paper presents the method for determination of leakage inductances of single-phase and multi-winding transformer. The matrix of leakage inductances takes into account leakage self and also leakage mutual magnetic couplings. It is assumed that there is a flux common to all windings and several leakage fluxes referred to a particular winding. The flux linkages of each coil needed fo calculation of leakage inductances was computed...
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Improved methods for stator end winding leakage inductance calculation
PublikacjaCalculating the stator end-winding leakage inductance, taking into account the rotor, is difficult due to the irregular shape of the end-winding. The end-winding leakage may distribute at the end of the active part and the fringing flux of the air gap. The fringing flux belongs to the main flux but goes into the end-winding region. Then, not all the magnetic flux occurring in the end region is the end-winding leakage flux. The...
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Inspection of Gas Pipelines Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Technology
PublikacjaMagnetic non-destructive testing methods can be classified into the earliest methods developed for assessment of steel constructions. One of them is the magnetic flux leakage technology. A measurement of the magnetic flux leakage is quite commonly used for examination of large objects such as tanks and pipelines. Construction of a magnetic flux leakage tool is relatively simple, but a quantitative analysis of recorded data is a...
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Determining the leakage current resistive component by the orthogonal vector method
PublikacjaThe measurement of the metal – oxide surge arresters (MOSA) leakage current and the analysis of its components is a key diagnostic criterion according to technical standards. During on site MOSA condition assessment, the easy way is based on the measurement only leakage current, without the inconvenient live working measurements of supply voltage. Orthogonal vectors method of determination the resistive leakage current is presented....
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Leakage detection and localisation in drinking water distributionnetworks by MultiRegional PCA
PublikacjaMonitoring is one of the most important steps in advanced control of complex dynamic systems. Precise information about systems behaviour, including faults indicating, enables for efficient control. The paper describes an approach to detection and localisation of pipe leakage in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) representing complex and distributed dynamic system of large scale. Proposed MultiRegional Principal Component...
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The Effect of the Phenomenon of “Spectrum Leakage” on the Measurement of Power Quality Parameters
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Influence of Gaps’ Geometry Change on Leakage Flow in Axial Piston Pumps
PublikacjaAxial piston pumps are the core elements of most medium and high-pressure hydraulic systems. High volumetric efficiency and high working pressures are the main advantages of this type of pumps. Therefore it is necessary to accurately calculate the leakage flow through the gaps to design efficient high-pressure pump. The main difficulty of such calculations is the fact, that the gaps change their geometry during pumping process....
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Kernel PCA in Application to Leakage Detection in Drinking Water Distribution System
PublikacjaMonitoring plays an important role in advanced control of complex dynamic systems. Precise information about system's behaviour, including faults detection, enables efficient control. Proposed method- Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), a representative of machine learning, skilfully takes full advantage of the well known PCA method and extends its application to nonlinear case. The paper explains the general idea of KPCA...
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MultiRegional PCA for leakage detection and localisation in DWDS - Chojnice case study
PublikacjaThis chapter considers pipe leakage detection and localisation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) by using a novel approach the MultiRegional Principal Component Analysis (MR-PCA). The MR-PCA is an extension of well known PCA method. The main idea of MR-PCA consists in designing a number of regional PCA models and analysing their responses caused by the pipe faults. Moreover, DWDS is decomposed into suitable subnetworks...
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Kernel PCA in Application to Leakage Detection in Drinking Water Distribution System
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An Insight into the Stages of Ion Leakage during Red Blood Cell Storage
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Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current in circuits with variable speed drives
PublikacjaThis paper concerns reliability of supply in variable speed drive circuits with residual current devices. During normal operation of these circuits high value of leakage current causes unwanted tripping of residual current devices. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current should be evaluated. The system for testing of residual current devices and results of the test are presented
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Influence of the Phenomenon of Spectrum Leakage on the Evaluation Process of Metrological Properties of Power Quality Analyser
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An Experimental Study of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine in Case of Cylinder Valves Leakage
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Estimation of Potential Leakage from Dumped Chemical Munitions in the Baltic Sea Based on Two Different Modelling Approaches
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The impact of potential leakage from the sub-seabed CO2 storage site on the phosphorus transformation in marine sediments – An experimental study
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A Comparative Study on Methods of Distinction Between Near- and Far-Side Defects as Techniques Used Alongside with the Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing
PublikacjaResults of the finite element analysis show that a far-side defect in a steel plate, with the depth greater by 10% of the plate thickness than a near-side defect, can produce a very similar magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal. Due to the fact that a measurement of MFL itself can lead to misclassification of a far-side defect as a near-side one, and thus to underestimation of its depth, a comparative study of three complementary...
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Magnetic flux leakage signals of near side defects measured with different velocities
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains raw signals measured with the use of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique. Linear Hall effect sensors A1324 were used to measure magnetic flux leakage. Three voltage signals were measured: Bx sensor output, Bz1 sensor output, and difference of Bz1 and Bz2 outputs. An output of a Bx sensor was directly proportional to the tangential...
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Magnetic flux leakage signals of far side defects measured with different velocities
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains raw signals measured with the use of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique. Linear Hall effect sensors A1324 were used to measure magnetic flux leakage. Three voltage signals were measured: Bx sensor output, Bz1 sensor output, and difference of Bz1 and Bz2 outputs. An output of a Bx sensor was directly proportional to the tangential...
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Process control of leakages in refinery reforming plant by means of Normal Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
PublikacjaPraca dotyczy zbadania możliwości, opracowania nowej procedury badawczej oraz dokonania oznaczeń ¬m-krezolu w strumieniu produktu z procesu reformingu katalitycznego techniką wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej w układzie faz normalnych, z detektorem spektrofotometrycznym typu DAD (NP-HPLC-UV-VIS/DAD). Opracowana procedura stanowi alternatywę dla innych procedur wykorzystujących klasyczne techniki analityczne, albo wykorzystanie...
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Fingerprint comparison of low-volatile petroleum products by means of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for identification of process leakages and environmental pollution
PublikacjaW pracy zbadano możliwość zastosowania stosunkowo prostej i szybkiej procedury przygotowania próbki, rozdzielania grup składników techniką cienkowarstwowej chromatografii cieczowej (TLC), wizualizacji w świetle UV 254 oraz 360 nm i analizy porównawczej cech plamek na płytkach TLC do określenia rodzaju niskolotnego materiału ropopochodnego stanowiącego zanieczyszczenie wód procesowych, lub wyciek z instalacji w rafinerii ropy naftowej....
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Low current transformer utilizing Co-based amorphous alloys
PublikacjaMetal oxide surge arresters have been widely used for protection of power system networks against overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges or malfunction of devices connected to the network. During its operation a surge arrester structure is degradated, what can be observed as an increase of a surge arrester leakage current. Paper presents an implementation of a new, high-permeability, Co64Fe4Ni1Si15B14 amorphous alloy as a current...
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Low Current Transformer Utilizing Co-Based Amorphous Alloys
PublikacjaMetal oxide surge arresters have been widely used for protection of power system networks against overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges or malfunction of devices connected to the network. During its operation a surge arrester structure is degradated, what can be observed as an increase of a surge arrester leakage current. Paper presents an implementation of a new, high-permeability, Co64Fe4Ni1Si15B14 amorphous alloy as a current...
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Comparison of Mathematical Models of Torque Transmitted by Multi-disc Wet Clutch with Experimental Results
PublikacjaIn this article was described the methodology for the experimental study of flows in the prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor with a rotating body. The experimental tests of the motor were carried out at a low constant rotational speed in a wide range of pressure drop in this motor. The constant rotational speed of the motor was kept by a worm gear. Based on the test results, the leakage characteristics in the flat gaps of...
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Experimental Study of Flow Rate in Hydraulic Satellite Motor with the Rotating Case at a Low Constant Rotational Speed
PublikacjaIn this article was described the methodology for the experimental study of flows in the prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor with a rotating body. The experimental tests of the motor were carried out at a low constant rotational speed in a wide range of pressure drop in this motor. The constant rotational speed of the motor was kept by a worm gear. Based on the test results, the leakage characteristics in the flat gaps of...
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Design and experimental verification of multi-layer waveguide using pin/hole structure
PublikacjaThis study presents a novel technique for minimizing RF leakage in metallic hollow waveguides fabricated using the multilayer split-block method. By integrating a pin/hole wall into the split-block multilayers, a substantial reduction of RF leakage can be achieved while reducing the circuit size and mitigating the performance variations. To validate the proposed approach, a slot antenna fed by single ridge waveguide has been prototyped...
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The basics of design and experimental tests of the commutation unit of a hydraulic satellite motor
Publikacjahe article presents an analytical method to design the commutation unit in a hydraulic satellite motor. It is shown that the size of the holes feeding the working chambers and their location on the plates closing those chambers depends on the geometrical dimensions of the working mechanism. The overlap in the commutation unit depends on the rotational speed range. It is demonstrated that the geometrical dimensions of the commutation...
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СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДОВ В СЕТЯХ С ГЛУХОЗАЗЕМЛЕННОЙ НЕЙТРАЛЬЮ (System of insulation status monitoring for electric drives in networks with a dead-earth neutral)
PublikacjaПредложен метод контроля изоляции частотно-регулируемых электроприводов в сетях с глухозаземленной нейтралью. Система контроля изоляции включается в момент остановки электропривода. Ключи инвертора коммутируются по специальному закону, и с помощью сигнала трансформатора тока, который изме- ряет ток во всех трех фазах привода одновременно, определяется ток утечки. Рассмотрена схема датчика тока утечки и приведены экспериментальные...
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FERRITE SHIELDING DESIGNS IN INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEMS
PublikacjaWireless power transfer technology is becoming widespread in last few years. In comparison to conventional solutions this technology can significantly increase maintainability and safety of charging systems. From the other side there are list of factors that limit efficiency of wireless systems. One of them is low coupling between coils caused by comparably high leakage inductance in comparison to regular transformer.
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The Method of reduction of aerodynamic forces generated in turbine blade seals
PublikacjaThe distibution of pressure in the seal gaps does not only affect the so called '' leakage losses'' and the turbine stage overall efficiency but also plays an important role in the generation of aerodynamic forces which may cause self-excited rotor vibrations. The paper describes a chamber seal applied for the reduction of the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. This kind of turbine seal was patented and tested.
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Residual current devices in installations with PV energy sources
PublikacjaThe paper presents the principles of residual current devices (RCDs) application in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Provisions of standards in this regard are commented on, in particular, attention is drawn to the lack of obligation to use of RCDs in PV installations. The issue of the shape of the earth fault current and the level of leakage currents in such installations are discussed. These factors influence the selection of...
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Change of catalytic parameters for SOFC fueled by H2 and biogas mixture at 750 C
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the Change of catalytic parameters for SOFC fueled by H2 and biogas mixture at 750 C (60:40 CH4:CO2). The outlet concentration of the gases from SOFC were measured using novel FTIR-based unit. The parameters are conversion rates, selectivities and yields of products
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Magnetic field gradient as the most useful signal for detection of flaws using MFL technique
PublikacjaThe magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique is extensively used for detection of flaws as well as for evaluation of their dimensions in ferromagnetic materials. However, proper analysis of the MFL signal is hindered by the MFL sensor velocity causing distortions of this signal. Traditionally measured components of the MFL signal are particularly sensitive to the scanning velocity. In this paper, an another signal – the gradient of...
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Multi-Transformer Flyback Converter for Supplying Isolated IGBT and MOSFET Drivers
PublikacjaA multi transformer flyback converter topology for supplying transistor drivers is presented. The topology presents some advantages over typical multi output single transformer, as reduction of effective leakage inductance, equal magnetic coupling between primary and secondary circuits and better isolation between outputs. Simulation study carried out in the LTSpice IV program and preliminary experimental results indicate high...
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Magnetic field microsensor based on GaAs MESFET
PublikacjaA novel concept of the drain separation design in a horizontally-split-drain GaAs MAGFET sensor, based on epitaxial layer growth, was developed. Proper choice of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs epitaxial layer sequence provided good electrical isolation between the drain regions. The measured leakage current between the drain regions was in the range of nA for up to 2V drain voltage bias difference. Performed analytical and numerical calculations...
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Data-driven models for fault detection using kernel pca:a water distribution system case study
PublikacjaKernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), an example of machine learning, can be considered a non-linear extension of the PCA method. While various applications of KPCA are known, this paper explores the possibility to use it for building a data-driven model of a non-linear system-the water distribution system of the Chojnice town (Poland). This model is utilised for fault detection with the emphasis on water leakage detection....
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Isolation of the relative decrease in magnetic permeability contribution to reluctance of an open magnetic circuit based on stray field measurements
PublikacjaThe goal of the study was to evaluate a relative decrease in magnetic permeability in open magnetic circuits based on stray magnetic field measurements. The boundary element method was used to simulate magnetic circuits with variable geometry and variable magnetic permeability. The simulated magnetic circuits were rectangular or bone-shaped flat samples. Reluctance was increased in the middle of the samples resulting in leakage...
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Model matematyczny strat objętościowych ściskania oleju hydraulicznego w pompie wyporowej o zmiennej wydajności
PublikacjaCelem pracy było stworzenie możliwości oceny strat objętościowych wynikających ze ściskania oleju hydraulicznego w komorach roboczych wysokociśnieniowej pompy wyporowej o zmiennej wydajności na obrót wału. Straty objętościowe ściskania oleju muszą być określone jako funkcje tych samych parametrów, w zależności od których ocenione są straty objętościowe przecieków oleju w komorach, wynikające z jakości rozwiązania konstrukcyjnego...
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The accuracy of pulse rate estimation from the sequence of face images
PublikacjaThe goal of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of pulse rate estimation from the sequence of face images. Simulated and real signals were used to evaluate two pulse rate estimators; one for frequency domain and the second one for time domain using the autocorrelation function. The results show that the mean difference between the reference measurements and estimated pulse rate values are about 2bpm. In the analysis of short...
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Facial data registration facility for biometric protection of electronic documents
PublikacjaIn modern world, information is crucial, and its leakage may lead to serious losses. Documents as the main medium of information must be therefore highly protected. Nowadays, the most common way of protecting data is using passwords, however it seems inconvenient to type complex passwords, when it is needed many times a day. For that reason a significant research has been conducted on biometric authentication...
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The Application of Satellite Image Analysis in Oil Spill Detection
PublikacjaIn recent years, there has been an increasing use of satellite sensors to detect and track oil spills. The satellite bands, namely visible, short, medium infrared, and microwave radar bands, are used for this purpose. The use of satellite images is extremely valuable for oil spill analysis. With satellite images, we can identify the source of leakage and assess the extent of potential damage. However, it is not yet clear how to...
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SafeCity – a GIS-based tool profiled for supporting decision making in urban development and infrastructure protection
PublikacjaThis paper presents a system for analysis of municipal Critical Infrastructures, which offers integrated tools for target analysis, hazard scenario simulations and spatial analysis within a remotely accessible Web-based Geographic Information System. The system has been applied to research conducted in the city of Gdansk with the aid of blast attack, chemical leakage and flood hazard scenarios, as well as a spatial density algorithm,...
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Hydro Lubricants: Water-based lubricants for hydropower applications
PublikacjaSeveral different base oil types exist in the market including mineral and synthetic oils (e.g. polyalphaolefins, ester, polyglycol, etc.) and are currently widely in use. Although synthetic oils have drawn great attention over the past few decades in terms of their tribological benefits, mineral oils are still widely used in hydropower applications due primarily to their low cost and easy miscibility with other oils. However,...