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Precipitation of Spherical Vaterite Particles via Carbonation Route in the Bubble Column and the Gas-Lift Reactor
PublikacjaSpherical vaterite particles were produced by carbonation of calcium chloride solution with addition of ammonia to facilitate CO2 absorption. Synthesis of calcium carbonate was carried out in a bubble column or gas-lift reactor. The course of the reaction was monitored by pH measurements. Precipitated solids were analyzed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and...
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Identification of damages in the inlet air duct of a diesel engine based on exhaust gas temperature measurements
PublikacjaThe temperature of the exhaust gas of a diesel piston engine, measured in the characteristic control sections of its thermo-flow system, can be a valuable source of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the elements limiting the working spaces thus separated, including the turbocharging system, but also its fuel supply system and replacement of the medium. In standard marine engine measurement systems equipped...
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublikacjaThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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DESIGN ANALYSIS OF HYBRID GAS TURBINE - FUEL CELL POWER PLANT IN STATIONARY AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublikacjaThe paper concerns design analysis of a hybrid gas turbine power plant with a fuel cell (stack). The aim of this work was to find the most favorable variant of the medium capacity (approximately 50 MW) hybrid system. In the article, computational analysis of two variants of such a system was carried out. The analysis let to calculate capacity, efficiency of both variants and other parameters like flu gas temperature. The paper...
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UV Light-Modulated Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Layers of Graphene Flakes/TiO2 Nanoparticles
PublikacjaWe present experimental results of fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by low-cost resistive sensors made of a mixture of graphene flakes and TiO2 nanoparticles. Both components are photocatalytic and activated by UV light. Two UV LEDs of different wavelengths (362 and 394 nm) were applied to modulate the gas sensing of the layers. Resistance noise was recorded at low frequencies, between 8 Hz and 10 kHz. The sensors’ response was...
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Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of a gas column rotating with constant speed around its axis of symmetry
PublikacjaWe will be concerned with the problem of deformation of the lateral surface of a column that rotates with constant speed around its axis of symmetry. The column is filled by a gas and our goal is to investigate the deformation of the lateral surface depending on the pressure of the gas.
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High Temperature Air/Steam Conversion of Biomass and Wastes Into Fuel Gas for Heat and Electricity Production
PublikacjaPaper present principle of high temperature air/staem gasification as well as some results of research using this technology for conversion of biomass and wastes into fuel gas.
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Computational complexity and length of recorded data for fluctuation enhanced sensing method in resistive gas sensors
PublikacjaThis paper considers complexity and accuracy of data processing for gas detection using resistance fluctuation data observed in resistance gas sensors. A few selected methods were considered (Principal Component Analysis – PCA, Support Vector Machine – SVM). Functions like power spectral density or histogram were used to create input data vector for these algorithms from the observed resistance fluctuations. The presented considerations...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Determination Of Gas Mixture Components Using Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing And The LS-SVM Regression Algorithm
PublikacjaThis paper analyses the effectiveness of determining gas concentrations by using a prototype WO3 resistive gas sensor together with fluctuation enhanced sensing. We have earlier demonstrated that this method can determine the composition of a gas mixture by using only a single sensor. In the present study, we apply Least-Squares Support-Vector-Machine-based (LS-SVM-based) nonlinear regression to determine the gas concentration...
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Experimental and mathematical modelling study of gas combustion under the high-temperature and oxygen-deficient oxidizers
PublikacjaPraca przedstawia wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i modelowania numerycznego wpływu parametrów utleniacza za długość i objętość płomienia przy spalaniu paliwa gazowego w środowisku o wysokiej temperaturze i ubogim w tlen.
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Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing with Organically Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Gas Sensors Targeting Biomedical Applications
PublikacjaDetection of volatile organic compounds is a useful approach to non-invasive diagnosis of diseases through breath analysis. Our experimental study presents a newly developed prototype gas sensor, based on organically-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and results on formaldehyde detection using fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing. Formaldehyde was easily detected via intense fluctuations of the gas sensor’s resistance, while the cross-influence...
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Application of fuzzy logic to determine the odour intensity of model gas mixtures using electronic nose
PublikacjaThe paper presents the possibility of application of fuzzy logic to determine the odour intensity of model, ternary gas mixtures (α-pinene, toluene and triethylamine) using electronic nose prototype. The results obtained using fuzzy logic algorithms were compared with the values obtained using multiple linear regression (MLR) model and sensory analysis. As the results of the studies, it was found the electronic nose prototype along...
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Comparison of noise reduction methods in radiometric correlation measurements of two-phase liquid-gas flows
PublikacjaTwo-phase liquid-gas flows occur frequently in the mining, energy, chemical, and petrochemical industries. One of non-contact methods used to analyse these flows is the gamma ray absorption method. However, the signals received from radiation detectors contain a significant stochastic noise, which makes them difficult to analyse. The article describes four methods of noise reduction in cross-correlation measurements of water-air...
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Influence of Analyte Flow Rate on Signal and Response Time of the Amperometric Gas Sensor with Nafion Membrane
PublikacjaW publikacji przedstawiono rezultaty badań nad wpływem zmian objętościowego natężenia przepływu gazu na sygnał i czas odpowiedzi prototypowego czujnika ditlenku siarki z membraną nafionową. Porównywano właściwości czujników różniących się materiałem elektrody pracującej oraz składem roztworu elektrolitu wewnętrznego. Zastosowano elektrody pracujące wykonane z napylonych próżniowo na powierzchnię membrany nafionowej złota i platyny....
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Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in atmospheric air. Part I. On-line gas analyzers
PublikacjaThe paper reviews the subject literature concerning the analytical instruments routinely used for monitoring volatile organic compounds in atmospheric air. The analyzers are classified as stationary or mobile according to their ease of transport. Stationary DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) analyzer is characterized, as are MIMS (Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry), MESI (Membrane Extraction with Sorbent...
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Reliability-operational analysis of fixed gas fire extinguishing equipment integrated with fire signalling systems
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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ANN based evaluation of the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas of a marine two-stroke diesel engine
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Evaluation of the High-Pressure Gas Transmission Network Impact for Environmental - Construction Phase and Network Operation
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LABORATORY STAND FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF THE QUICK - CHANGING TEMPERATURE OF GAS FLOWING IN THE PISTON COMPRESSOR OUTLET CHANNEL
PublikacjaThis paper presents a laboratory stand, created as a part of work on the doctor dissertation, intended for investigation of heat and flow processes taking place in the Espholin H3S piston compressor outlet channel. The test stand elements and their configuration within the stand are described. Discussed are also problems connected with the quick-changing measurement technique, solutions which have been proposed so far in that technology...
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Application of gamma densitometry and statistical signal analysis to gas phase velocity measurements in pipeline hydrotransport
PublikacjaThe work presents selected methods of signal analysis used in the processing of data obtained from radiometric probes. The used data came from an exemplary study of a two-phase liquid-gas flow at the laboratory installation. In such rigs many possible transport types may be observed, i.e. slug, plug and bubble flow, and each of them gives different signal-to-noise ratio of recorded data. Therefore, available radiometric methods...
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Application of gamma densitometry and statistical signal analysis to gas phase velocity measurements in pipeline hydrotransport
PublikacjaThe work presents selected methods of signal analysis used in the processing of data obtained from radiometric probes. The used data came from an exemplary study of a two-phase liquid-gas flow at the laboratory installation. In such rigs many possible transport types may be observed, i.e. slug, plug and bubble flow, and each of them gives different signal-to-noise ratio of recorded data. Therefore, available radiometric methods...
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Enhanced visible light-activated gas sensing properties of nanoporous copper oxide thin films
PublikacjaMetal oxide gas sensors are popular chemoresistive sensors. They are used for numerous tasks, including environmental and safety monitoring. Some gas-sensing materials exhibit photo-induced properties that can be utilized for enhanced gas detection by modifying the sensor selectivity and sensitivity when illuminated by light. Here, we present the gas sensing characteristics of highly nanoporous Cu2O thin films towards both electrophilic...
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Determination of thiocyanate (biomarkers of ETS) and other inorganic ions in human nasal discharge samples using ion chromatography
PublikacjaEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a mixture of air and tobacco smoke containing more than 4000 chemical substances. In view of the health risks of many of these substances, studies are needed to determine biomarkers of exposure to ETS constituents in people who actively or passively are exposed to the toxic compounds. The methodologies for determining most biomarkers from saliva, urine and blood samples are known, but methods...
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A solid phase extraction–ion chromatography with conductivity detection procedure for determining cationic surfactants in surface water samples
PublikacjaA new analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of individual cationic surfactants (alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides) in surface water samples has been developed. We describe this methodology for the first time: it involves the application of solid phase extraction (SPE – for sample preparation) coupled with ion chromatography–conductivity detection (IC-CD – for the final determination). Mean recoveries of...
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Analysis of multi-class pharmaceuticals in fish tissues by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaA new sensitive method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and purification by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) prior to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was developed for the determination in fish homogenate, liver and muscle of twenty pharmaceuticals compounds and metabolites from seven commonly used therapeutic families. An extensive matrix effect evaluation...
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Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometryprocedure for determination of endocrine disrupting compounds infish from Mediterranean rivers
PublikacjaA new, sensitive and rapid method based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe)approach followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spec-trometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was developed for the determination of nineteen endocrine disruptors (EDCs)and related compounds belonging to different classes in various fish species. Matrix effect on the analyti-cal performance was evaluated,...
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Thermodynamic study of new antiepileptic compounds by combining chromatography on the phosphatidylcholine biomimetic stationary phase and differential scanning calorimetry
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Application of ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for the determination of trace cyanide in biological samples, including breast milk
PublikacjaCyanide (CN) is the biomarker of exposure to the components of tobacco smoke, although its presence in biological samples is also due to the consumption of products containing cyanogenic glycosides. In this work, we determine the concentration of the free cyanide in urine, saliva and breast milk matrices, using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). IC-PAD is an emerging method, with only few documented...
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Process control of leakages in refinery reforming plant by means of Normal Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
PublikacjaPraca dotyczy zbadania możliwości, opracowania nowej procedury badawczej oraz dokonania oznaczeń ¬m-krezolu w strumieniu produktu z procesu reformingu katalitycznego techniką wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej w układzie faz normalnych, z detektorem spektrofotometrycznym typu DAD (NP-HPLC-UV-VIS/DAD). Opracowana procedura stanowi alternatywę dla innych procedur wykorzystujących klasyczne techniki analityczne, albo wykorzystanie...
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Determination of nine high-intensity sweeteners in various foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
PublikacjaAn analytical procedure involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of nine high-intensity sweeteners authorised in the EU; acesulfame-K (ACS-K), aspartame (ASP), alitame (ALI), cyclamate (CYC), dulcin (DUL), neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), neotame (NEO), saccharin (SAC) and sucralose (SCL) in a variety of food samples (i.e. beverages,...
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Determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in human breast adipose tissue with the use of high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection
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Application of reversed-phase thin layer chromatography and QSRR modelling for prediction of protein binding of selected β-blockers
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Optimized conditions for hydrocarbon group type analysis of base oils by thin-layer chromatography - flame ionisation detection
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad opracowaniem optymalnych warunków oznaczania składu grupowego mineralnych olejów bazowych z wykorzystaniem chromatografii cienkowarstwowej oraz detektora płomieniowo-jonizacyjnego (TLC-FID). W przypadku mineralnych olejów bazowych, które otrzymywane są po wielu etapach rafinacji frakcji pochodzących z destylacji próżniowej ropy naftowej oznaczenie ich składu grupowego (z uwzględnieniem podgrup...
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Fragmental Method KowWIN as the Powerful Tool for Prediction of Chromatographic Behavior of Novel Bioactive Urea Derivatives
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Chromatographic separation, determination and identification of ecdysteroids: Focus on Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides, Leuzea carthamoides )
PublikacjaThe review presents general principles for choosing optimal conditions for ecdysteroid separation, identification, and isolation using HPLC/TLC techniques in RP, NP- HILIC or NP modes. Analytics of ecdyteroids pose a still insufficiently resolved problem. Plant-derived ecdysteroids are a point of interest of pharmaceutical industry and sport medicine due to their postulated adaptogenic and anabolic properties. In insects, ecdysteroids...
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The state-of-the-art determination of urinary nucleosides using chromatographic techniques “hyphenated” with advanced bioinformatic methods
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Metabolomic Heterogeneity of Urogenital Tract Cancers Analyzed by Complementary Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
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Chromatographic lipophilicity determination using large volume injections of the solvents non-miscible with the mobile phase
PublikacjaA new perspective in the lipophilicity evaluation through RP-HPLC is permitted by analysis of the retentionfactor (k) obtained by injecting large volumes of test samples prepared in solvents immiscible withmobile phase. The experiment is carried out on representative groups of compounds with increasedtoxicity (mycotoxins and alkaloids) and amines with important biological activity (naturally occurringmonoamine compounds and related...
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pH-Induced modification to stratum corneum lipids investigated using thermal, spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques
PublikacjaZbadano jakim zmianom jakościowym i ilościowym ulegają indywidualne klasy lipidów w Stratum Corneum (tkanka rogowa skóry) pod wpływem środowiska o zmiennym pH.
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Ionic chromatographic studies on intercorrelation between cooccuring ions in precipitation waters in the area of Tricity (Poland).
PublikacjaObszar Trójmiasta jest terenem bardzo zurbanizowanym. Duża koncentracja przemysłu na małej powierzchni stanowi poważne zagrożenie dla powietrza atmosferycznego. Analiza emisji zanieczyszczeń wskazuje na zróżnicowanie ich źródeł. Najważniejsze są substancje które tworzą się podczas energetycznego spalania paliw. 80% emisji ditlenku siarki, ditlenku azotu, pyłu, tlenku węgla i sadzy węglowej pochodzi z Gdańska i Gdyni, głównych centrów...
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Application of the chromatographic retention index system for theestimation of the calibration constants of permeation passivesamplers with polydimethylsiloxane membranes
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z zastosowaniem pasywnych dozymetrów typu permeacyjnego, wyposażonych w membrany wykonane z PDMS. Badania dotyczyły oszacowania wartości stałych kalibracyjnych dozymetrów przy wykorzystaniu systemu indeksów retencji, wyznaczanych chromatograficznie, w warunkach liniowego narostu temperatury pracy kolumny (LTPRI). Znaleziono korelację pomiędzy wartościami stałych kalibracyjnych próbników typu pasywnego,...
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Recent Applications of 1D GC-MS and 2D GC-MS in Foodomics Studies
PublikacjaGas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and food chemistry have been tightly linked since the 1960s. This setup is also an integral part of the omics studies when it comes to low mass metabolites. Therefore, the marriage of GC-MS and foodomics is obvious. Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry fits perfectly within the latest trends in foodomics, since it is tailored for holistic food analysis....
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Characterization of home-made and regional fruit wines by evaluation of correlation between selected chemical parameters
PublikacjaSince the last decade of the 20th century, there has been rising interest in the production of fruit wines, as evidenced by the high number of published papers and books covering this matter. When aiming to produce quality fruit wines, it is essential to evaluate the analytical parameters of the beverage. In this context, there are a large number of analyses for the evaluation of wines and fruit wines. This article characterizes...
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Direct injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (DI-LC-MS) analysis for rapid lipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles
PublikacjaExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, spherical particles produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, surrounded by a bilayer membrane and carrying various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, surface receptors, membrane and soluble proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs are of substantial interest because of their important roles in cell communication, epigenetic regulation and possible application in disease diagnosis...
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An evaluation of sucrose as a possible contaminant in e-liquids for electronic cigarettes by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
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Rapid determination of multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics in veterinary formulations by ion-pair chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
PublikacjaA fast and simple method for simultaneous determination of eight aminoglycoside antibiotics using ion-pairing liquid chromatography (IPLC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) has been developed and validated. Separation of amikacin, apramycin, gentamicin (as a sum of gentamicin C1, C2 and C1A), kanamycin A, neomycin B, paromomycin, streptomycin and tobramycin was achieved using C18 column with H2O and MeOH/acetone,...
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Development of an Analytical Protocol for Determination of Cyanide in Human Biological Samples Based on Application of Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection
PublikacjaA simple and accurate ion chromatography (IC) method with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) was proposed for the determination of cyanide ion in urine, sweat, and saliva samples. The sample pretreatment relies on alkaline digestion and application of Dionex OnGuard II H cartridge. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–100 μg/L for urine, 5–100 μg/L for saliva, and 3–100 μg/L for sweat...
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Determination of flavanols by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Application to the characterization of cranberry-based pharmaceuticals through profiling and fingerprinting approaches
PublikacjaIn this work, a new method based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) was established for the determination of catechins and related oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry-based pharmaceuticals. Compounds were recovered by liquid extraction using methanol/water/hydrochloric acid (60:39:1, v:v:v) as the extraction solvent. The chromatographic separation was carried...