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Search results for: PASSIVE ACOUSTIC RADAR
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Acoustic Processor of the MCM Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of an acoustic processor of the mine countermeasure sonar. Developed at the Department of Marine Electronics Systems, Gdansk University of Technology, the acoustic processor is an element of the MG-89, a modernised underwater acoustic station. The focus of the article is on the modules of the processor. They are responsible for sampling analogue signals and implementing the algorithms controlling...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Vibrationally Relaxing Gases. Acoustic Cooling
PublicationThe dynamic equation which governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode in vibrationally relaxing gas is derived. The nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy to the energy of the thermal mode in a relaxing gas causes slow variation of temperature with time. The nal dynamic equation is instantaneous. All types of sound, including aperiodic, may be considered as an acoustic source of corresponding heating or cooling....
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Experimental evaluation of estimator mean square error curve for cognitive tracking radar
PublicationTo make decisions, cognitive radar must rely on predictions of its own performance. In the literature, these predictions are usually based on some form of Cram\'er-Rao lower bound. This approach is scientifically sound, but it also brings a possibility of the cognitive controller overestimating radar performance. It therefore makes sense to back theoretical predictions with careful experiments which will verify their applicability....
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Gas with Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions: Possibilities of Acoustic Cooling
PublicationNonlinear generation of thermal mode during propagation of dominative sound in a chemically reacting gas is considered. The dynamic equation of excess temperature associated with the thermal mode is derived. It is instantaneous and includes quadratic nonlinear acoustic source reflecting the nonlinear character of interaction between acoustic and non-acoustic types of gas motion. Both periodic and aperiodic sound may be considered...
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Acoustic heating produced in the boundary layer
Publication: Instantaneous acoustic heating of a viscous fluid flow in a boundary layer is the subject of investigation. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of a special linear combination of conservation equations in the differential form, which reduces all acoustic terms in the linear part of the final equation but preserves terms belonging to the thermal mode. The procedure of decomposition is valid in a weakly...
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Shore Construction Detection by Automotive Radar for the Needs of Autonomous Surface Vehicle Navigation
PublicationAutonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) are becoming more and more popular for performing hydrographic and navigational tasks. One of the key aspects of autonomous navigation is the need to avoid collisions with other objects, including shore structures. During a mission, an ASV should be able to automatically detect obstacles and perform suitable maneuvers. This situation also arises in near-coastal areas, where shore structures like...
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Pasywny Radar Akustyczny
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Detection, classification and localization of acoustic events in the presence of background noise for acoustic surveillance of hazardous situations
PublicationEvaluation of sound event detection, classification and localization of hazardous acoustic events in the presence of background noise of different types and changing intensities is presented. The methods for discerning between the events being in focus and the acoustic background are introduced. The classifier, based on a Support Vector Machine algorithm, is described. The set of features and samples used for the training of the...
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Application of Passive Samplers in Monitoring of Organic Constituents of Air
PublicationThe principles of passive dosimetry, which has been known for over 100 years, are finding an ever increasing use in analytical practice and are being used as a convenient technique for isolation and enrichment of analytes from various environmental media. Due to its simplicity, a variety of designs, as well as the possibility of using a number of different final determination techniques, passive dosimetry has been applied in...
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The passive operating mode of the linear optical gesture sensor
PublicationThe study evaluates the influence of natural light conditions on the effectiveness of the linear optical gesture sensor, working in the presence of ambient light only (passive mode). The orientations of the device in reference to the light source were modified in order to verify the sensitivity of the sensor. A criterion for the differentiation between two states - "possible gesture" and "no gesture" - was proposed. Additionally,...
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On Radar DoA Estimation and Tilted Rotating Electronically Scanned Arrays
PublicationWe consider DoA estimation in a monopulse radar system employing a tilted rotating array. We investigate the case of nonzero steering angles, in which case the mapping between the target’s azimuth and elevation in the global coordinate system and their counterparts in the array local coordinate system becomes increasingly nonlinear and coupled. Since estimating the azimuth using coherently integrated signals might be difficult because...
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Algoritmically improved microwave radar monitors breathing more acurrate than sensorized belt
PublicationThis paper describes a novel way to measure, process, analyze, and compare respiratory signals acquired by two types of devices: a wearable sensorized belt and a microwave radar-based sensor. Both devices provide breathing rate readouts. First, the background research is presented. Then, the underlying principles and working parameters of the microwave radar-based sensor, a contactless device for monitoring breathing, are described....
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Efficiency of acoustic heating in the Maxwell fluid
PublicationThe nonlinear effects of sound in a fluid describing by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor is the subject of investigation. Among other, viscoelastic biological media belong to this non-newtonian type of fluids. Generation of heating of the medium caused by nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy, is discussed in details. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination...
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Efficiency of acoustic heating in the Maxwell fluid
PublicationThe nonlinear effects of sound in a fluid describing by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor is the subject of investigation. Among other, viscoelastic biological media belong to this non-newtonian type of fluids. Generation of heating of the medium caused by nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy, is discussed in details. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination...
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Measurement of benzene concentration in urban air using passive sampling
PublicationAbstract The concentration of benzene in urban air in theTri-City area of Poland (Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia, andTczew) was assessed using diffusive passive samplers (Rad-iello). Samples were collected during a four-year monitoringcampaign (2007-2010) at selected monitoring stations man-aged by the Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring inthe Gdańsk Metropolitan Area (ARMAAG) Foundation.The performance of the passive samplers was investigatedin...
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Acoustic Processor of the Mine Countermeasure Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of an acoustic processor of the mine countermeasure sonar. Developed at the Department of Marine Electronics Systems, Gdansk University of Technology, the acoustic processor is an element of the MG-89, an underwater acoustic station. The focus of the article is on the modules of the processor. They are responsible for sampling analogue signals and implementing the algorithms controlling the measurement...
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Mathemathical model of radial passive magnetic bearing
PublicationIn the article mathematical radial model of passive magnetic bearings to ocean engineering units has been presented. The units application in underwater thrusters should increase propulsion systems durability and gives lower maintenance costs. The rotor of electric motor is hanging in magnetic field taken from radial passive magnetic bearings. However axial direction maintenance must be controlled with electromagnets and their...
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Propagation of Acoustic Disturbances in Shallow Sea
PublicationPropagation of acoustic waves in shallow sea differs fundamentally from the same phenomenon occurring in deep sea in view of non-negligible distance from the sea bottom in the first case, where presence of two regions limiting the water layer results in the acoustic pressure distribution induced by a harmonic source has an interferential nature as a result of multi-path propagation of the acoustic signal. These interferential properties...
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Detection and localization of selected acoustic events in 3D acoustic field for smart surveillance applications
PublicationA method for automatic determination of position of chosen sound events such as speech signals and impulse sounds in 3-dimensional space is presented. The events are localized in the presence of sound reflections employing acoustic vector sensors. Human voice and impulsive sounds are detected using adaptive detectors based on modified peak-valley difference (PVD) parameter and sound pressure level. Localization based on signals...
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Three solvers for MIMO noise radar clutter cancellation - a performance comparison
PublicationThe problem of canceling strong clutter echos in a MIMO noise radar is considered. Execution times of three algorithms is compared. The first solution is a standard Least Squares approach employing Cholesky decomposition of the transmitted signal sample autocorrelation matrix. The second approach is based on careful waveform design which guarantees that the signal sample autocorrelation matrix has Toeplitz structure. This enables...
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Long-term comparative evaluation of an acoustic climate in selected schools before and after the acoustic treatment
PublicationThe results of long-term continuous noise measurements in two selected schools are presented in the paper. Noise characteristics were measured continuously there for approximately 16 months. Measurements started eight months prior to the acoustic treatment of the school corridors of both schools. An evaluation of the acoustic climates in both schools, before and after the acoustic treatment, was performed based on comparison of...
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Influence of passive house technology on time and cost of construction investment
PublicationDue to the changes in the energy standards for housing in Poland there are many concerns. Is the standard required by the regulation achievable and if it is, then at what cost? There are many solutions to construct a building in line with the requirements of passive house technology. They are differentiated by price and time required for implementation. This study is based on the solution proposed by one of Polish companies, offering...
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Radar time budget optimization subject to angle accuracy constraint via cognitive approach
PublicationThe problem of minimizing dwell time in multifunction phased array radar is considered. Target of interest is assumed to fluctuate according to a generalization of Swerling family and the parameters of fluctuation model are assumed to be known. The a'priori position of the target is uncertain. Optimization, whose variables include pulse count and array transmit beampattern, is carried out subject to achieving a desired accuracy...
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<title>Automotive radar</title>
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The study of acoustic climate of the Southern Baltic
PublicationThis paper presents the statistical characteristics of seawater properties, which are necessary for predicting the propagation of acoustic waves in selected areas of the Baltic Sea. The statistics were elaborated based on long-term measurements of vertical distributions of sound speed, temperature, and salinity, and the nonlinearity parameter B/A. Nonlinear properties of the environment are considered, in connection...
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Acoustic journal bearing - A search for adequate configuration
PublicationClassical non-contact bearings are already used in a number of specialist applications but there are somespecialist areas where they cannot be used for variety of reasons and acoustic sliding bearings could be an alternative. The paper presents the quest for a configuration of an acoustic journal bearing and shows that the overall shape of the bearing and its geometry are of a vital importance for the load capacity oft he bearing....
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Signatures and acoustic images of objects moving in water
PublicationObservation of underwater space is part of a generaltrend, which primary purpose is to protect and increasesafety in the selected area. The basic aim of the paper ispresentation of designated acoustic characteristics typicalfor objects moving on the water surface and under water,which represent some knowledge about detection of theseobjects. Create a catalog of acoustic signature and not onlyacoustic, as well as acoustic images...
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Interactions using passive optical proximity detector
PublicationIn this paper we evaluated the possible application of a passive, optical sensor as an interface for human-smart glasses interactions. The designed proximity sensor is composed of set of photodiodes and the appropriate hardware and software components. First, experiments were performed for the estimations of such parameters as distance to an object, its width and velocity. Achieved results were satisfactory. Therefore, next, a...
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passive spice networks from non-passive data
PublicationArtykuł przestawia technike generacji schematow zastepczych w formacie SPICE dla pasywnych układów mikrofalowych. Wynikowy schemat zastepczy ma zagwarantowana pasywnosc. Schematy zastepcze powstaja na podstawie symulacji lub pomiarow w dziedzinie czestotliwosci i moga byc wykorzystane do symulacji w dziedzinie czasu.
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Acoustic heating produced in resonators filled by a newtonian fluid
PublicationAcoustic heating in resonators is studied. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination of conservation equations in differential form, allowing the reduction of all acoustic terms in the linear part of the final equation, but preserving terms belonging to the thermal mode responsible for heating. This equation is instantaneous and includes nonlinear acoustic terms that form a...
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The Examination of the Upper Layers of the Seabed by the Means of the Acoustic Methods
PublicationPropagation of acoustic waves in the sea, in particular in shallow sea, depends on several factors. The basic of them are source power and frequency of acoustic waves, spatial distribution inhomogeneous medium in which acoustic wave propagates, and distributions of speed of sound and density of seawater. The coastal conditions, which limit water medium from above (free surface of the sea) and from bottom (the seabed), are no less...
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Theoretical Model of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water
PublicationThe work is devoted to the propagation of low frequency waves in a shallow sea. As a source of acoustic waves, underwater disturbances generated by ships were adopted. A specific feature of the propagation of acoustic waves in shallow water is the proximity of boundaries of the limiting media characterised by different impedance properties, which affects the acoustic field coming from a source situated in the water layer “ deformed”...
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Modelling of acoustic backscattering by southern Baltic herring
PublicationAssessment of Baltic herring abundance can be carried out using acoustic techniques. Analysis of the relationship between the Baltic herring individual target strength, TS, and the total fish length, L, important for the acoustic assessment, showed the relationship to be dependent on the location of the study area. This finding motivated a detailed analysis of the relationship for the herring occurring in the southern Baltic...
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Measurements of transmission properties of Acoustic Communication Channels
PublicationTough transmission properties of shallow water acoustic channels (SWAC) highly limit the use of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. An adaptive matching of modulation and signaling schemes to instantaneous channel conditions is needed for reliabledata communications. This creates, however, unique challenges for designers when compared to radio transmission systems. When communication system elements are in move, the...
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Acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a Bingham plastic
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a Bingham plastic. The model of the Bingham plastic's viscous stress tensor includes the yield stress along with the shear viscosity, which differentiates a Bingham plastic from a viscous Newtonian fluid. A special linear combination of the conservation equations in differential form makes it possible to reduce all acoustic terms in the linear part of of the final equation...
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Acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a bingham plastic
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a Bingham plastic. The model of the Bingham plastic's viscous stress tensor includes the yield stress along with the shear viscosity, which differentiates a Bingham plastic from a viscous Newtonian fluid. A special linear combination of the conservation equations in differential form makes it possible to reduce all acoustic terms in the linear part of of the final equation...
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Passive sampling
PublicationPrzedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania technik pasywnych (opartych na swobodnym ruchu cząsteczek analitu do medium zatrzymującego) w analityce środowiskowej. Omówiono przykłady wykorzystania zarówno organizmów żywych (biomonitoring) jak i urządzeń pasywnych do pobierania próbek analitów z badanego medium (powietrze, woda, gleba).
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Application of passive sampling techniques as a usable tool in the field of environmental quality monitoring
PublicationAnalysis of literature data published for the past 20 years leads to the conclusion, that passive sampling technique has been developing very quickly and is commonly used in the field of monitoring pollutants in air, water and soil environment. The popularity of application of passive sampling techniques in analytical and environmental chemistry results from its many advantages e.g.: Simplicity in use, low costs of exploitation,...
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Miniaturized Passive Emission Chambers for In Situ Measurement of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds
PublicationThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air. The presence of dangerous chemical compounds in indoor air can have an adverse impact on human health and cause numerous diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Such harmful chemicals get into indoor air as a result of their emission from building and indoor materials....
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A Parallax Shift Effect Correction Based on Cloud Height for Geostationary Satellites and Radar Observations
PublicationThe effect of cloud parallax shift occurs in satellite imaging, particularly for high angles of satellite observations. This study demonstrates new methods of parallax effect correction for clouds observed by geostationary satellites. The analytical method that could be found in literature, namely the Vicente et al./Koenig method, is presented at the beginning. It approximates a cloud position using an ellipsoid with semi-axes...
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Miniaturized passive emission test chamber for in-situ measurement of emissions of organic compounds
PublicationThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air (outdoor). One of the main groups of chemical compounds present in indoor air, with proven harmfulness to health,are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs present indoor comprise a wide variety of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons derivatives including aliphatic, aromatics, alkylbenzens,...
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Acoustic Hysteresis in Flows with Different Kinds of Relaxation and Attenuation
PublicationGraphs in the thermodynamic plane acoustic pressure versus excess acoustic density representing acoustic hysteresis, are considered as indicators of relaxation processes, equilibrium parameters of a flow, and kinds of wave exciters. Some flows with deviation from adiabaticity are examined: the Newtonian flow of a thermocon- ducting gas, the flow of a gas with vibrational relaxation, the flow of liquid electrolyte with a chemical...
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Efficiency of acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a fluid with relaxation
PublicationInstantaneous acoustic heating of a fluid with thermodynamic relaxation is the subject of investigation. Among others, viscoelastic biological media described by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor, belong to this type of fluid. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination of conservation equations in differential form, allowing the reduction of all acoustic terms in...
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Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of P91 Steel by Means of Magneto-acoustic Emission and Acoustic Birefringence
PublicationThe paper describes an application of nondestructive volumetric magnetic and ultrasonic techniques for evaluation of the selected mechanical parameter variations of P91 steel having direct influence on its suitability for further use in critical components used in power plants. Two different types of deformation processes were carried out. First, a series of the P91 steel specimens was subjected to creep and second, one to plastic...
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Online urban acoustic noise monitoring system
PublicationConcepts and implementation of the Online Urban Noise Monitoring System are presented. Principles of proposed solution used for dynamic acoustical maps creating are discussed. The architecture of the system and the data acquisition scheme are described. The concept of noise mapping, based on noise source model and propagation simulations, was developed and employed in the system. Dynamic estimation of noise source parameters utilized...
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Buck-Boost Inverters with Symmetrical Passive Four-terminal Networks
PublicationAlternating Voltage Inverters (Converters) supplied by low-voltage sources DC (ex. fuel cell, photovoltaic cell) are most frequently realized on the basis of the three fundamental topologies: a) PWM voltage inverter with boost-converter" system, b) PWM voltage inverter with transformed converter DC/DC in the ,,boost-converter" system, c) PWM current converter. However none of these solutions is claimed to be the best and dominant...
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Diver Observations by Means of Acoustic Methods
PublicationSearching for objects, especially small ones, moving under water near its the free surface, is always not an easy task. Designing tools for the detection of such targets is a real challenge when the possibility of a terrorist attack is a real threat. This paper presents some aspects of diver detection by means of acoustics methods, both active (side scan sonar) and passive ones (linear receiving antenna). This approach is quite...
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Cheap Cancellation of Strong Echoes for Digital Passive and Noise Radars
PublicationThe problem of cancellation of strong, potentially nonstationary,echoes in noise radars and passive radars utilizing digitaltransmissions is considered. The proposed solution is a multi-stage procedure.Initial clutter estimates, obtained using the least mean squares(LMS) algorithm, are refined using specially designed filters, "matched"to spectral densities of targets and clutter. When the postprocessing filtersare noncausal, the...
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A system for acoustic field measurement employing cartesian robot
PublicationA system setup for measurements of acoustic field, together with the results of 3D visualisations of acoustic energy flow are presented in the paper. Spatial sampling of the field is performed by a Cartesian robot. Automatization of the measurement process is achieved with the use of a specialized control system. The method is based on measuring the sound pressure (scalar) and particle velocity (vector) quantities. The aim of the...
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Creating Acoustic Maps Employing Supercomputing Cluster
PublicationThe implemented online urban noise pollution monitoring system is presented with regard to its conceptual assumptions and technical realization. A concept of the noise source parameters dynamic assessment is introduced. The idea of noise modeling, based on noise emission characteristics and emission simulations, was developer and practically utilized in the system. Furthermore, the working system architecture and the data acquisition...