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Search results for: LOUDNESS UNIT RELATIVE TO FULL SCALE
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A concept of Signal Equalization Method Based on Music Genre and the Listener's Room Characteristics
PublicationA research study that investigates the influence of the room acoustics environment on the frequency characteristic of the audio signal playback is presented. First, a novel spectral equalization method of the room acoustic conditions is introduced. On the basis of the frequency response of the room, a system for room acoustics compensation based on eight-band equalizer is proposed. The system settings depend on music genre. In...
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the full-scale cfd simulations
PublicationThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflect very difficult operational conditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft, B-bow...
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Coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in a long-term operated full-scale constructed wetland
PublicationThe coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds has been studied in lab-scale and pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs), but few studies investigated full-scale CW. In this study, we used batch experiments to investigate the potentials of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur transformation in a long-term operated, full-scale horizontal subsurface flow wetland. The sediments collected from the HSFW were incubated for...
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Full-scale CFD simulations for the determination of ship resistance as a rational, alternative method to towing tank experiments
PublicationResults of ship resistance predictions obtained from towing tank experiments are affected by the method used to extrapolate from a model scale to a ship scale. Selection of method to determine a form factor is subjective and the extrapolation method is accurate for typical hull forms. For innovative hull forms the proper method for calculating the form factor is questionable. Moreover, the influence of the extrapolation method...
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the Full-scale CFD simulations – case study
PublicationThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflects very difficult operational con-ditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft,...
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Distillery Fusel Oil as an Alternative Carbon Source for Denitrification – from Laboratory Experiments to Full-Scale Applications
PublicationIndustrial waste products may be a viable alternative to commercial external carbon sources, such as ethanol. In this study, the properties of fusel oil (distillery waste product) were investigated in terms of temperature dependency of denitrification, acclimation period, and the effects on NO2-N and PO4-P behavior. Furthermore, results obtained during three different full-scale trials were used to verify similarities and differences...
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Distillery Fusel Oil as an Alternative Carbon Source for Denitrification – from Laboratory Experiments to Full-Scale Applications
PublicationIndustrial waste products may be a viable alternative to commercial external carbon sources. In this study, the properties of fusel oil (distillery waste product) were investigated in terms of temperature dependency of denitrification and acclimation period. Furthermore, results obtained during three different full-scale trials were used to verify similarities and differences with the results obtained under laboratory-scale conditions....
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Prediction of ship resistance with the use of Full-scale CFD simulations
PublicationIn recent years, the IMO has introduced new regulations to reduce the negative impact of ships on the natural environment. A particularly important step forcing technological innovations is the increasing requirement of ship energy efficiency. It is expressed by the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Another important step towards green shipping is rising the required quality of fuel used for propulsion, so called Tier limits....
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Validation Process for Computational Model of Full-Scale Segment for Design of Composite Footbridge
PublicationExperimental tests and numerical simulations of a full-scale segment of a foot and cycle bridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The analysed structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) multi-layered laminate faces and a PET foam (obtained from recycling) core. The dimensions of the segment cross-section are the same as for the target footbridge; however, span...
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Removal of selected sulfonamides and sulfonamide resistance genes from wastewater in full-scale constructed wetlands
PublicationSulfonamides are high-consumption antibiotics that reach the aquatic environment. The threat related to their presence in wastewater and the environment is not only associated with their antibacterial properties, but also with risk of the spread of drug resistance in bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of eight commonly used sulfonamides, sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and integrase genes...
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The role of slowly biodegradable substrate in a full-scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationThis paper contains futher results obtained at ''Wschod'' WWTP in Gdańsk under transient conditions (spring season) and comparation of similar experiments carried out at a recently upgraded ''Debogorze'' WWTP in Gdynia. The removal of colloidal and particulate fractions resulted in similar effects (reduced process rates) at both plants. For example, the initial denitrification rates (NUR1) were up to 30% lower during the ''conventional''...
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Model-based identification of the dominant N2O emission pathway in a full-scale activated sludge system
PublicationActivated sludge models (ASMs), extended with an N2O emission module, are powerful tools to describe the operation of full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Specifically, such models can investigate the most contributive N2O production pathways and guide towards N2O and carbon footprint (CF) mitigation measures. A common practice is to develop and validate models using data from a single WWTP. In this study, a successfully...
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The role of colloidal and particulate organic compounds in idenitrification and EBPR occurring in a full-scale activatedsludge system
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability andphosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from the ''Wschod'' wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Gdansk (Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowlybiodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch experiments was developed and implemented....
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Comparative Study of Balancing SRT by Using Modified ASM2d in Control and Operation Strategy at Full-Scale WWTP
PublicationDetailed knowledge on the composition of the influent going into the wastewater treatment system is essential for the development of a reliable computer model. In the context of WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), the wastewater characteristics are not only important for activated sludge system modelling, but also have an impact on the appropriate control of single unit operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concepts...
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Measurement of filling and discharging loads in a full scale hopper.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia wyniki doświadczalne naporu piasku na ścinanie uzyskane podczas napełniania i opróżniania leja silosu o pojemności 2.5 m3. Pokazane zostały wartości naporu w funkcji czasu oraz kształt powierzchni górnej materiału dla poszczególnych etapów napełniania i opróżniania.
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Advanced Supervisory Control System Implemented at Full-Scale WWTP—A Case Study of Optimization and Energy Balance Improvement
PublicationIn modern and cost-eective Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), processes such as aeration, chemical feeds and sludge pumping are usually controlled by an operating system integrated with online sensors. The proper verification of these data-driven measurements and the control of different unit operations at the same time has a strong influence on better understanding and accurately optimizing the biochemical processes at WWTP—especially...
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The role of slowly biodegradable organic compounds in a full-scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability and phosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from two large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the cities of Gdansk and Gdynia (northern Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowly biodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch...
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Wave Method for Structural Health Monitoring: Testing Using Full-Scale Shake Table Experiment Data
PublicationAn algorithm of the wave method for structural health monitoring (SHM) is tested and calibrated using shake table experiment data of a full-scale, seven-story, reinforced-concrete building slice. The method is based on monitoring changes in the velocity of waves propagating vertically through the structure, identified by least-squares (LSQ) fit of beam models. The experiment was conducted by a team from the University of California,...
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Confined granular flow in silos with inserts - full-scale experiments
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki doświadczalne przepływów silosowych w silosach w naturalnej skali ze wstawkami. Podczas doświadczeń pomierzono przemieszczenia oraz napór na ściany. Zastosowano różne typy wstawek położone na różnej wysokości. Wyniki badań doświadczalnych porównano z przepływami bez wstawek.
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Full scale measurements of pressure field induced on the quay wall by bow thrusters – indirect method for seabed velocities monitoring
PublicationThe paper presents the results of full-scale experimental investigation of loads generated on the quay wall by bow thrusters during unberthing of a self-manoeuvring vessel. The presented research allowed for the comparison of the measurements results with generally accepted empirical prediction methods and confirmed the utility of the developed measuring setup for the on-line monitoring of jet induced loads. The conclusions from the...
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A probabilistic model of ship performance in ice based on full-scale data
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Full scale CFD seakeeping simulations for case study ship redesigned from V-shaped bulbous bow to X-bow hull form
PublicationIncreasing propulsion efficiency, safety, comfort and operability are of the great importance, especially for small ships operating on windy sites like the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Seakeeping performance of ships and offshore structures can be analysed by different methods and the one that is becoming increasingly important is CFD RANS. The recent development of simulation techniques together with rising HPC accessibility...
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Utilization of internal carbon sources by a full-scale process biomass for denitrification and EBPR
PublicationDla zwiększenia efektywności denitryfikacji i zintegrowanych biologicznych procesów usuwania fosforu (z ang. EBPR) w ramach istniejących możliwości technologicznych komunalnych oczyszczalni ścieków, zaleca się korzystać z odpowiednich źródeł węgla. Ze względu na wysokie koszty zakupu konwencjonalnych źródeł węgla i wymagany (zazwyczaj) okres adaptacji mikroorganizmów biorących udział w oczyszczaniu ścieków, zwrócono uwagę na możliwość...
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Strategies for mitigating nitrous oxide production and decreasing the carbon footprint of a full-scale combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal activated sludge system
PublicationNitrous oxide (N2O) emitted from biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems contributes significantly to the total carbon footprint of modern wastewater treatment plants. In the present study, N2O production and emissions were experimentally determined in a large-scale plant (220,000 PE) employing combined nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal. As a modelling tool, the Activated Sludge Model 2d (ASM2d) was extended...
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The influence of a cone-in-cone insert on flow pattern and wall pressure in a full-scale silo
PublicationArtykuł opisuje przeprowadzone badania przepływów silosowych i naporu materiałów sypkich podczas napełniania i opróżniania silosu o średnicy 2.5 m wyposażonego we wkładkę "stożek w stożku''. Badania przeprowadzane były w Instytucie Badawczym Tel-Tek w Norwegii. Materiałem użytym był suchy piasek. Napór na ścianę mierzony był bezpośrednio za pomocą 10 czujników wbudowanych w ścianę. Badania eksperymentalne pokazały duży wpływ wkładki...
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Full-scale experiments on wheat flow in steel silo composed of corrugated walls and columns
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki doświadczalne w dużej skali odnośnie przepływu pszenicy w stalowym silosie wykonanym z blachy falistej i słupów. Pomierzono napory poziome i pionowe na ścianie oraz siły pionowe w słupach. Zbadano rodzaj przepływu w zależności od położenia wylotu. Wyniki naporów porównano z Eurokodem.
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Denitrification Process Enhancement and Diversity of the Denitrifying Community in the Full Scale Activated Sludge System after Adaptation to Fusel Oil
PublicationImplementation of anaerobic digestion of primary sludge in modern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) limits the availability of organic carbon for denitrification in conventional nitrification-denitrification (N/DN) systems. In order to ensure efficient denitrification, dosage of the external carbon source is commonly undertaken. However, application of commercial products, such us ethanol or acetate, greatly increases operational...
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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The advanced monitoring as a key factor for appropriate optimization and control of full-scale activated sludge systems – case study Debogorze WWTP.
PublicationComputer simulation has become a helpful tool in wastewater treatment systems performance and effectiveness analysis. Advanced monitoring, by using appropriate software, enables to create a mathematical model of a real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), run a simulation and subsequently interpret results under various conditions. An operation of WWTP is usually controlled by global parameters such as flow, solids retention time,...
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Redefining The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Within Spatial Econometrics, The Case of the Scale Problem
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Numerical modeling and experimental validation of full-scale segment to support design of novel GFRP footbridge
PublicationThe paper contains analysis of full-scaled three meters long segment of a novel composite footbridge. Both numerical modeling and experimental validation were performed. Analyzed object is a shell type sandwich channel-like structure made of composite sandwich with GFRP laminates as a skin and PET foam as a core. Several static load schemes were performed including vertical and horizontal forces. In FEM analysis multilayered laminate...
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Experimental tests and numerical simulations of full scale composite sandwich segment of a foot- and cycle- bridge
PublicationIn the paper experimental tests and numerical simulations of a full cross-section segment of ultimately designed foot-and cycle-bridge are presented. The experimental tests were conducted on element with length reduced to 3 m and unchanged (target) cross-section dimensions. The external skin of structure is GFRP laminate while internal core is PET foam. Several quasi-static tests were performed using hydraulic cylinder to generate...
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Prediction of energy consumption and evaluation of affecting factors in a full-scale WWTP using a machine learning approach
PublicationTreatment of municipal wastewater to meet the stringent effluent quality standards is an energy-intensive process and the main contributor to the costs of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Analysis and prediction of energy consumption (EC) are essential in designing and operating sustainable energy-saving WWTPs. In this study, the effect of wastewater, hydraulic, and climate-based parameters on the daily consumption of EC by...
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Comparison of two model concepts for simulation of nitrogen removal at a full-scale biological nutrient removal pilot plant
PublicationCelem badań było porównanie zdolności predykcyjnych dwóch mechanistycznych modeli procesu osadu czynnego (ASM1 i ASM3). W tym celu wykorzystano bazę danych empirycznych z pilotowej oczyszczalni ścieków Gummerwald w Hanowerze (Niemcy). Oba badane modele prognozowały szczytowe stężenia azotu amonowego na poziomie >8 gN/m3 w ciągu, którego obciążenie hydrauliczne wzrastało czterokrotnie w porównaniu do okresu bezdeszczowego. Prognozowany...
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Direct measurements and numerical predictions of welding-induced initial deformations in a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure
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Modelling of full-scale silo experiments with flow correcting inserts using material point method (MPM) based on hypoplasticity.
PublicationCharakterystyki przepływu materiałów sypkich w silosach mają znaczenie dla naporów wywieranych na ściany silosu. Można je zmieniać za pomocą różnych wkładek. W pracy omówiono wyniki liczbowe dotyczące ograniczonego przepływu niespoistego ziarnistego piasku w pełnowymiarowym silosie metalowym z różnymi symetrycznie rozmieszczonymi wkładami, służącymi do korekcji wzorca przepływu (podwójny stożek, stożek w stożku i odwrócony stożek)....
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Direct measurements, numerical predictions and simple formula estimations of welding-induced biaxial residual stresses in a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure
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Scale effect in the self-propulsion prediction for Ultra Large Container Ship with contra-rotating propellers
PublicationThis article addresses the problem of the scale effect for an Ultra Large Container Ship (ULCS) with a novel twin-crp-pod propulsion system. Twin-crp-pod steering-propulsion arrangement is an innovative solution that gains from three well-known systems: twin-propeller, contra-rotating propellers and pod propulsors. It is expected that applying the twin-crp-pod system to the analysed Ultra Large Container Ship will increase propulsion...
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INFLUENCE OF THE HULL SHAPE ON THE ENERGY DEMAND OF A SMALL INLAND VESSEL WITH HYBRID PROPULSION
PublicationRecently, there has been a significant development of ecological propulsion systems, which is in line with the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The main aim is to build a safe, low-energy passenger ship with a highly efficient, emission-free propulsion system. This can be achieved in a variety of ways. The article presents the main problems encountered by designers and constructors already at the stage...
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Pomiary i analiza dźwięku w filmie oraz w reklamach filmowych z wykorzystaniem modelu głośności LKFS .
PublicationCelem niniejszej pracy był pomiar dźwięku filmie, zapowiedziach filmów oraz reklamach poprzedzających projekcję filmu. W referacie w pierwszej kolejności przywołano problemy związane z pomiarem dźwięku, rekomendacje, które wskazują na dopuszczalne poziomy projekcji filmowej oraz przywołano jednostki, które są wykorzystywane w określaniu głośności projekcji. Następnie przedstawiono pomiary, kalibrację sprzętu pomiarowego oraz analizę...
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Development of Intelligent Control for Annealing Unit to Ensure the Minimization of Retroactive Effects on the Supply Network
PublicationResearch conducted by our team focused on the development of a complete annealing unit, using modern technologies and components, such as a programmable logic controller, an industrial computer and microcontrollers, ensuring an intelligent way to control power semiconductor elements (SSR relays), with regard to minimizing retroactive effects on the supply network. This modern configuration offers a number of new possibilities of...
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GPU Acceleration of Multilevel Solvers for Analysis of Microwave Components With Finite Element Method
PublicationThe letter discusses a fast implementation of the conjugate gradient iterative method with ${rm E}$-field multilevel preconditioner applied to solving real symmetric and sparse systems obtained with vector finite element method. In order to accelerate computations, a graphics processing unit (GPU) was used and significant speed-up (2.61 fold) was achieved comparing to a central processing unit (CPU) based approach. These results...
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Numerical simulation of the influence of the selected factors on the performance of a concrete road barrier H2/W5/B
PublicationThis paper discuss the influence of selected factors on the performance of a concrete road barrier H2/W5/B. Modelling techniques of a concrete road safety system were briefly discussed. Comparison to the full scale crash test results has been shown. The concrete road safety barrier has been investigated for evaluation of the overall damage after collision under various initial conditions. The failure assessment criterion has been...
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Experimental and numerical evaluation of mechanical behaviour of composite structural insulated panels
PublicationComposite structural insulated panels (CSIPs) are novel prefabricated elements for structural applications. Panels under consideration are made from glass-fibre reinforced magnesia cement boards as facesheets and expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) as a core. Quasi-static full-scale and model bending tests under monotonic loading were performed to recognize mechanical properties of CSIPs in flexure. In addition, tensile, compressive,...
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DETERMINANTY WZROSTU POLSKIEGO EKSPORTU PRZEMYSŁU PRZETWÓRCZEGO – ANALIZA DŁUGOOKRESOWA
PublicationGłównym celem artykułu było określenie determinant eksportu polskiego przemysłu przetwórczego na podstawie danych pochodzących z 13 podsekcji przetwórstwa przemysłowego wyodrębnionych zgodnie z NACE 1.1. Analiza z wykorzystaniem modelu ECM objęła lata 1995–2011 i została przeprowadzona dwutorowo – dla całej sekcji przemysłu przetwórczego oraz dla poszczególnych jego podsekcji. Autorki zbadały, jak popyt zagraniczny, popyt krajowy,...
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Model based evaluation of plant improvement at a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
PublicationIn this work, the effect of the improvement carried out at a large-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was evaluated, by means of modelling works, with the aim to determine the influence of the modernization over the process performance. After modernization, the energy consumption due to the aeration decreased about a 20% maintaining the effluent quality. In order to double-check the good effluent quality, modelling works were...
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2-Methylphenyl 2-methoxyacridine-9-carboxylate
PublicationThe title compound, C22H17NO3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four molecules per unit cell. The molecules are arranged in centrosymmetric pairs, joined via the C and attached H atoms in the meta position relative to the methoxy group. These pairs are bonded in the crystalline phase as a result of non-specific dispersive interactions, and through a network of C—H⋯O interactions involving the non-bonded O...
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Comparative study of numerical modelling and experimental investigation for vessel-docking operations
PublicationA comparative study between numerical modelling and experimental investigation is performed to validate the developed numerical method for simulating floating dock operations with a vessel on board. Both model-scale and full-scale experimental tests are performed on floating docks with a vessel on board, and the draughts using draught meters, floating positions and bending of the floating dock are measured. The present numerical...
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Modeling, simulation, and validation of a TB41 crash test of the H2/W5/B concrete vehicle restraint system
PublicationThe paper addresses numerical simulations of a concrete vehicle restraint system. The model is described in detail. The advanced material law of the continuous surface cap model was used to analyze the damage locations in concrete barrier segments. The results were validated against the TB41 full-scale crash test. The test was conducted in compliance with European standard EN 1317, and the validation was performed in accordance...