Search results for: non-monotone model

• Advances of thermal tomography in non-destructive testing and medical diagnostics

  Publication

  • M. Bajorek

  - Year 2010

• Silo emptying in aspect of the non-destructive detection methods application

  Publication

  • M. Niedostatkiewicz
  • Z. Chaniecki
  • D. Sankowski

  - ZESZYTY NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI ŁÓDZKIEJ, SERIA: ELEKTRYKA - Year 2009

  W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów zmian koncentracji w modelach silosów z zastosowaniem metod bezinwazyjnch: promieniowania rentgenowskiego, metody ECT oraz metody PIV.

• Cooperation of a Non-Linear Receiver with a Three-Phase Power Grid

  Publication

  • K. Zajkowski
  • S. Duer
  • J. Paś
  • L. Pokorádi

  - ENERGIES - Year 2023

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• Non-dipping pattern of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

  Publication

  • J. Wolf
  • D. Hering
  • K. Narkiewicz

  - HYPERTENSION RESEARCH - Year 2010

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• Non-linear control of induction motor in field weakening region

  Publication

  • M. Włas

  - Year 2007

  W referacie przedstawiono układ sterowania silnikiem asynchronicznym klatkowym, oparty na modelu multiskalarnym. Dla zaproponowanej struktury wybrano dwa wektory do transformacji zmiennych stanu: wektor prądu stojana i wektor strumienia stojana. Przepro¬wadzono badania eksperymentalne na stanowisku badawczym z silnikami indukcyjnymi o mocy 22kW, w których do odtwarzania prędkości kątowej wykorzystano obserwator prędkości kątowej...

• Chemistry of non-precipitation components of wet deposition with Poland as an example

  Publication

  • Ż. Polkowska
  • M. Sobik

  - Year 2008

  W pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące chemizmu osadów atmosferycznych pobieranych na terenie Polski w okresie od 2004 do 2007 roku. Średni skład jonowy (TIC) dla rosy, szronu i mgły (w stanie ciekłym i stałym) wynosił odpowiednio 2147, 1929 i 1014 µeq/l, gdzie typowy skład jonowy TIC dla opadów atmosferycznych wynosi 318 µeq/l. Dla wszystkich typów osadów atmosferycznych różne jony pełnią ważną rolę: Ca2+ i SO42-...

• Is Mc1r an important regulator of non-pigmentary responses to UV radiation?

  Publication

  • M. Zmijewski
  • A. Slominski

  - EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY - Year 2013

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• Study of NaCl permeability through a non-porous polypropylene film

  Publication

  • M. M. Gryta

  - Journal of Membrane Science - Year 2016

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• Fentanyl Structure as a Scaffold for Opioid/Non-Opioid Multitarget Analgesics

  Publication

  • P. Lipiński
  • J. Matalińska

  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences - Year 2022

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• Acoustic radiation force and streaming caused by non periodic acousticsource.

  Publication

  • A. Perelomova

  - ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA - Year 2003

  Teoria i obliczenia numeryczne przepływu rotacyjnego (''streamingu'') towarzyszącemu fali akustycznej w przepływach lepkich nieliniowych. Fala wywołująca może być nieokresowa: impulsowa lub paczka falowa itd. Przykład pojedynczego pulsu rozpatrywany. Ilustracje delikatnej struktury czasowej powstania fal rotacyjnych przedstawione na rysunkach.

• The Goertzel filter-bank usage in the non-stationary impedance measurement.

  Publication

  • G. Lentka
  • M. Niedostatkiewicz

  - Year 2004

  Artykuł prezentuje metodę pomiaru parametrów impedancyjnych w warunkach niestacjonarnych bazującą na próbkowaniu sygnałów pomiarowych i przetwarzaniu cyfrowym. Zaproponowano i przeanalizowano zastosowanie banku filtrów Goertzela. Porównano zaproponowane podejście z tradycyjnie stosowaną metodą STDFT. Przedstawiono wynik symulacji i pomiarów.

• Experimental comparison of UML-HAZOP inspection and non-structured review

  Publication

  • A. Jarzębowicz
  • J. Górski

  - Year 2005

  Artykuł przedstawia eksperyment przeprowadzony na Politechnice Gdańskiej mający na celu porównanie dwóch technik przeglądowych. Poszczególne rozdziały zawierają: ogólne omówienie tematyki przeglądów i inspekcji, przedstawienie metody UML-HAZOP, opis przebiegu eksperymentu oraz uzyskanych rezultatów.

• Photodissociation of polyatomic systems: non-adiabatic effects and conical intersection

  Publication

  • M. C. Bacchus-Montabonel
  • K. Piechowska
  • Y. S. Tergiman
  • J. E. Sienkiewicz

  - Year 2005

  Podano przykłady mechanizmów fotodysocjacji w cząsteczkach chloru bromoacetylowego i rodnika winiksydowego. Zastosowano kwantowe symulacje dynamiczne.

• Fuzzy logic gain scheduling for non - linear servo tracking

  Publication

  • M. A. Brdyś
  • J. J. Littler

  - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science - Year 2002

  Artykuł zawiera propozycję strojenia jako metodę sterowania serwomechanizmem z silnie nieliniowymi elementami. Serwomechanizm steruje dwoma elementami układu śledzącego zamontowanymi na okręcie znajdującym się w morzu. W układzie występuje tarcie spoczynkowe przy zerowej prędkości oraz nieliniowe tarcie przeciwdziałające ruchowi w każdej z osi układu śledzącego. Zastosowany został podwójny układ sterowania ze sprzężeniem zwrotnym....

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• Selected numerical aspects of non linear analysis on E3xSO(3).

  Publication

  • J. Chróścielewski

  - Year 2002

  Praca ma charakter przeglądowy. Dotyczy numerycznych aspektów nieliniowej analizy układów sformułowanych w ramach teorii sześcioparametrowej. Rozważania dotyczą statyki i dynamiki rozważanych układów oraz specjalnych technik numerycznych stosowanych do ich analizy. Praca zawiera przykłady numeryczne.

• A role of destructive and non-destructive tests in creep damage Identification

  Publication

  • Z. Kowalewski
  • T. Szymczak
  • K. Makowska
  • B. Augustyniak

  - Key Engineering Materials - Year 2012

  Przedstawiono wyniki badań mjących zilustrować i określić rolę badań niszczących i nieniszczących w identyfikowaniu degradacji po pełzaniu

• Knowledge Management in Non-Government organizations, Preliminary Report 2005

  Publication

  • E. Szczerbicki

  - Year 2005

  Przedstawiono wyniki ankiety na temat stanu zarządzania wiedzą w organizacjach pozarządowych.

• Implementation of non-local integral models into commercial FE methods

  Publication

  • J. Bobiński
  • J. Tejchman

  - Year 2007

  Artykuł omawia implementacje nielokalnych modeli typu całkowego do komercyjnych programów MES. Implementacje pokazano na przykładzie programu Abaqus.

• A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector

  Publication

  • A. Wilk
  • K. Karwowski
  • S. Judek
  • M. Mizan

  - Technika Transportu Szynowego - Year 2015

  The paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...

• A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector

  Publication

  • A. Wilk
  • K. Karwowski
  • S. Judek
  • M. Mizan

  - Year 2015

  The paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...

• Modelling tunnelling-induced deformation in stiff soils with a hyperelastic–plastic anisotropic model

  Publication

  • M. Cudny
  • K. Lisewska
  • M. Winkler
  • T. Marcher

  - Acta Geotechnica - Year 2024

  In this paper, the tunnelling-induced deformation in anisotropic stiff soils is analysed using FE modelling. The influence of material description is investigated rather than an advanced simulation of the tunnelling method. A new hyperelastic– plastic model is proposed to describe the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of stiff highly overconsolidated soil. This model can reproduce the superposition of variable stress-induced anisotropy...

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• Melanoma skin cancer detection using mask-RCNN with modified GRU model

  Publication

  • K. M. Monica
  • J. Shreeharsha
  • P. Falkowski-Gilski
  • B. Falkowska-Gilska
  • M. Awasthy
  • R. Phadk

  - Frontiers in Physiology - Year 2024

  Introduction: Melanoma Skin Cancer (MSC) is a type of cancer in the human body; therefore, early disease diagnosis is essential for reducing the mortality rate. However, dermoscopic image analysis poses challenges due to factors such as color illumination, light reflections, and the varying sizes and shapes of lesions. To overcome these challenges, an automated framework is proposed in this manuscript. Methods: Initially, dermoscopic...

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• Uniform Model Interface for Assurance Case Integration with System Models

  Publication

  • A. Wardziński
  • P. Jones

  - Year 2017

  Assurance cases are developed and maintained in parallel with corresponding system models and therefore need to reference each other. Managing the correctness and consistency of interrelated safety argument and system models is essential for system dependability and is a nontrivial task. The model interface presented in this paper enables a uniform process of establishing and managing assurance case references to various types...

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• Minimal parameter implicit solvent model for ab initioelectronic-structure calculations

  Publication

  • J. Dziedzic
  • H. Helal
  • C. Skylaris
  • A. Mostofi
  • M. Payne

  - EPL-EUROPHYS LETT - Year 2011

  Abstract - We present an implicit solvent model for ab initio electronic-structure calculations which is fully self-consistent and is based on direct solution of the nonhomogeneous Poisson equation. The solute cavity is naturally defined in terms of an isosurface of the electronic density according to the formula of Fattebert and Gygi (J. Comput. Chem., 23 (2002) 662). While this model depends on only two parameters, we demonstrate...

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• Simulation model for assessment of IMS-based NGN call processing performance

  Publication

  • S. Kaczmarek
  • M. Kaszuba
  • M. Sac

  - Year 2012

  In current telecommunications it is assumed that demands of information society for quickly delivered services will be satisfied by Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture, which includes IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) elements. To guarantee Quality of Service (QoS), proper design and dimensioning of NGN is absolutely necessary, for which appropriate models have to be proposed. As NGN architecture is very complicated, the most...

• Orthotropic membrane as a mechanical model of surgical implant in abdominal hernia repair

  Publication

  • I. Lubowiecka

  - TASK Quarterly - Year 2012

  Even though the incisional hernia repair surgery is a well known procedure, mechanical properties of the tissue-implant system are unknown so the implantation of the repairing mesh is quite intuitive and, recurrences of the illness still take place. The main objective of the study is to define an operated hernia model that can be used for surgery planning and the assessment of the repair persistence. The load applied to the structure...

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• Michał Lech dr inż.

  People

  Michał Lech was born in Gdynia in 1983. In 2007 he graduated from the faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics of Gdansk University of Technology. In June 2013, he received his Ph.D. degree. The subject of the dissertation was: “A Method and Algorithms for Controlling the Sound Mixing Processes by Hand Gestures Recognized Using Computer Vision”. The main focus of the thesis was the bias of audio perception caused...

• Impedance spectra of ZnO varistor type 680 model A M ver. 93

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • G. Lentka
  • L. Hasse

  - series: Impedance spectra of ZnO high-voltage varistors (surge arresters)

  The impedance spectrum of high-voltage ZnO varistor obtained using FRA EIS impedance spectrosocpy measurement method. The 1V sinusoidal excitation was used. The frequency range was chosen from 10 kHz down to 100 uHz. The object under test and the measuring instrument were placed in a Faraday cage due to high impedance of the object. The data was acquired...

• Impedance spectra of ZnO varistor type 680 model A M ver. xx

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • G. Lentka
  • L. Hasse

  - series: Impedance spectra of ZnO high-voltage varistors (surge arresters)

  The impedance spectrum of high-voltage ZnO varistor obtained using FRA EIS impedance spectrosocpy measurement method. The 1V sinusoidal excitation was used. The frequency range was chosen from 10 kHz down to 100 uHz. The object under test and the measuring instrument were placed in a Faraday cage due to high impedance of the object. The data was acquired...

• Impedance spectra of ZnO varistor type 280 model 0 ver. 89

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • G. Lentka
  • L. Hasse

  - series: Impedance spectra of ZnO high-voltage varistors (surge arresters)

  The impedance spectrum of high-voltage ZnO varistor obtained using FRA EIS impedance spectrosocpy measurement method. The 1V sinusoidal excitation was used. The frequency range was chosen from 10 kHz down to 100 uHz. The object under test and the measuring instrument were placed in a Faraday cage due to high impedance of the object. The data was acquired...

• Impedance spectra of ZnO varistor type 280 model O ver. 68

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • G. Lentka

  - series: Impedance spectra of ZnO high-voltage varistors (surge arresters)

  The impedance spectrum of high-voltage ZnO varistor obtained using FRA EIS impedance spectrosocpy measurement method. The 1V sinusoidal excitation was used. The frequency range was chosen from 100 kHz down to 100 uHz. The object under test and the measuring instrument were placed in a Faraday cage due to high impedance of the object. The data was acquired...

• Impedance spectra of ZnO varistor type 440 model O ver. 68

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • G. Lentka
  • L. Hasse

  - series: Impedance spectra of ZnO high-voltage varistors (surge arresters)

  The impedance spectrum of high-voltage ZnO varistor obtained using FRA EIS impedance spectrosocpy measurement method. The 1V sinusoidal excitation was used. The frequency range was chosen from 10 kHz down to 10 uHz. The object under test and the measuring instrument were placed in a Faraday cage due to high impedance of the object. The data was acquired...

• Proposal of a System Loss Model for Body Area Network in Passenger Ferry Environment

  Publication

  • P. T. Kosz

  - Year 2018

  In the paper, proposal of an empirical off-body system loss model for Body Area Networks working in a passenger ferry environment at 2.45 GHz has been presented. The measurements were carried out for dynamic scenarios in the discotheque passenger ferry environment. The general model formula consists of three components: mean system loss, attenuation resulting from the variable antenna position on the human body, and attenuation...

• Discrete element method modelling of elastic wave propagation in a meso-scale model of concrete

  Publication

  • M. Knak
  • M. Nitka
  • M. Rucka

  - ULTRASONICS - Year 2024

  This paper deals with the accurate modelling of ultrasonic wave propagation in concrete at the mesoscopic level. This was achieved through the development of a discrete element method (DEM) model capable of simulating elastic wave signals comparable to those measured experimentally. The main objective of the work was to propose a novel methodology for constructing a meso-scale model of concrete dedicated to the analysis of elastic...

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• Radiation pattern measurements of geometrically small antennas performed in non-anechoic environments

  Open Research Data

  open access

  • V. Waladi
  • A. Bekasiewicz

  The dataset contains unprocessed measurements of radiation pattern characteristics performed in non-anechoic regime for three geometrically small antenna structures: a spline-parameterized Vivaldi structure, a compact spline-based monopole, and a quasi-Yagi geometry with enhanced bandwidth. The responses have been obtained over broad frequency ranges...

• Analytical model of torsional vibrations of typical sawing machine main drive system

  Publication

  • K. Orłowski
  • J. Kapcia

  - Year 2005

  Przedstawiono model fizyczny i matematyczny drgań skrętnych napędu głównego typowej pilarki tarczowej. Model tworzą elementy sztywne SES połączone między sobą za pośrednictwem elementów sprężysto - tłumiących EST w układzie szeregowym. W modelu matematycznym uwzględniono: właściwości dynamiczne silnika napędowego, wymiary piły tarczowej, cechy materiału obrabianego (wymiary, rodzaj drewna, wilgotność drewna) oraz właściwości dynamiczne...

• Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure in the Top 30 Listed Non Financial Companies in Poland

  Publication

  • M. M. Popowska

  - Year 2014

  This paper offers a first analysis of the relationships between corporate governance models and rules and ownership structure of the top 30 Polish firms listed at the WSE (not considering foreign firms and/or the Polish branches of foreign firms listed at the same stock exchange, nor the financial companies and the banks). The general picture depicted by this analysis is putting into evidence the increasing importance of institutional...

• An Intergrated Model of Motion, Steering, Positioning and Stabilization of an Unmanned Autonomous Maritime Vehicle

  Publication

  • M. K. Gerigk

  - TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation - Year 2015

  In the paper the aim of an interdisciplinary research is presented. The research method is introduced. An object the unmanned autonomous maritime vehicle is briefly described. The key research problem concerns a combined model of the vehicle motion including the loads of lift and hydrodynamic nature. The model takes into account the gravity and displacement forces, resistance and thrust forces, lift and other hydrodynamic forces....

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• Flow through a prosthetic mechanical aortic valve: Numerical model and experimental study

  Publication

  • M. L. Nowak
  • E. Divo
  • T. Borkowski
  • E. Marciniak
  • M. Rojczyk
  • R. Bialecki

  - COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS - Year 2024

  This research presents a numerical model dedicated for virtual patient diagnostics in the field of synthetic valve implantation. The model operates based on computational fluid dynamics solver with implemented rigid body motion solver. Characteristic indicators related to the prosthetic valve were determined to assess the correctness of cardiac system operation after implantation. A novel approach for dynamic time discretization...

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• Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Dynamics in a Bioreactor at WWTP

  Publication

  • T. Zubowicz
  • K. Duzinkiewicz
  • R. Piotrowski

  - Year 2017

  The importance of dissolved oxygen concentration controlinaerationtanksofabioreactoratflow-throughwastewater treatment plant (WWTP) can easily be justified by technological requirements as well as simple economics. Firstly, appropriate levels of dissolved oxygen concentration are essential for the vitality of microorganisms that comprise the bioreactor. Secondly, the costs of dissolved oxygen concentration control related to the...

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• Model zużycia głównych podzespołów zespołu korbowo-tłokowego i rozrządu

  Publication

  • P. Bzura

  - Year 2012

  W referacie na podstawie uszkodzeń zespołu korbowo-tłokowego i rozrządu silników Sulzer RD pobranych z syntetycznych danych o niezawodności wyposażenia wybranych statków PLO i PŻM zbudowany został model zużycia głównych podzespołów zespołu korbowo-tłokowego i rozrządu.

• The role and concept of sub-models in the smart fuzzy model of the internet mortgage market

  Publication

  • A. Orłowski
  • E. Szczerbicki

  - LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE - Year 2011

  The paper introduces some challenges of the fast growing mortgage market in Poland. One of these challenges is the need for a model development that could be used for various predictions related to this market. At the current stage of the model evelopment process our main goal is to propose and introduce sub-models the role of which would be to describe three different economic environments: stable, fast growing, and recession....

• Comparison of Compact Reduced Basis Method with Different Model Order Reduction Techniques

  Publication

  • D. Szypulski
  • G. Fotyga
  • V. De La Rubia
  • M. Mrozowski

  - Year 2019

  Different strategies suitable to compare the performance of different model order reduction techniques for fast frequency sweep in finite element analysis in Electromagnetics are proposed and studied in this work. A Frobenius norm error measure is used to describe how good job a reduced-order model is doing with respect to the true system response. In addition, the transfer function correct behavior is monitored by studying the...

• Non-toxic fluorine-doped TiO2 nanocrystals from TiOF2 for facet-dependent naproxen degradation

  Publication

  • M. Kowalkińska
  • K. Sikora
  • M. S. Łapiński
  • J. Karczewski
  • A. Zielińska-Jurek

  - CATALYSIS TODAY - Year 2023

  In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of naproxen (NPX), which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), frequently detected in drinking water, was investigated. The F-doped TiO2 with defined morphology was successfully obtained from TiOF2 and applied for photocatalytic degradation under UV-vis and visible light. All samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron...

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• Efficient model order reduction for FEM analysis of waveguide structures and resonators

  Publication

  • G. Fotyga
  • K. Nyka
  • M. Mrozowski

  - Progress in Electromagnetics Research-PIER - Year 2012

  An efficient model order reduction method for three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of waveguide structures is proposed. The method is based on the Efficient Modal Order Reduction (ENOR) algorithm for creating macro-elements in cascaded subdomains. The resulting macro-elements are represented by very compact submatrices, leading to significant reduction of the overall number of unknowns. The efficiency of the model...

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• Simulation model for evaluation of QoS routing algorithm in large packet networks

  Publication

  • M. Czarkowski
  • S. Kaczmarek
  • S. Stępnicki

  - Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału ETI Politechniki Gdańskiej. Technologie Informacyjne - Year 2010

  The variety of traffic transferred via current telecommunication networks includes also voice, which should meet quality requirements. One of mechanisms, which can support QoS in current packet networks, is routing. There exist many routing proposals which should introduce the QoS into the network but practically they don't. Following paper presents the realization of simulation model for evaluation of a new routing algorithm DUMBRA...

• Model of the reciprocating engine using iterative procedures of the transient torque calculation

  Publication

  • J. Kropiwnicki

  - Journal of KONES - Year 2010

  Przedstawiony w pracy model silnika spalinowego uzależnia wartość dynamicznego momentu od sygnału sterowania po skokowej zmianie nastawy oraz od historii dynamicznej silnika i czasu jaki upłynął od tej zmiany. Przedstawione wyniki badań potwierdzają zasadność takiego opisu modelowanego zjawiska. Można również zauważyć, że po pewnym czasie od chwili rozpoczęcia procesu rozpędzania przebieg momentu dynamicznego będzie przebiegał...

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• A mechanistic model for fate and removal of estrogens in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

  Publication

  • M. Lust
  • J. Mąkinia
  • H. D. Stensel

  - WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Year 2012

  Two estrogen fate and transformation models were integrated with a comprehensive activated sludge model (ASM) to predict estrogen removal based on biomass and solids production. Model predictions were evaluated against published full-scale plant data as well as results from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed synthetic wastewater. The estrogen fate model relating the rate of total estrogen degradation to soluble...

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• A MULTI-MASS DISCRETE MODEL OF TRIBOMETER FOR THE RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS = Wielomasowy dyskretny model tribometru do symulacyjnych badań dynamicznych charakterystyk tarcia

  Publication

  • J. Łubiński
  • H. Olszewski
  • A. Olszewski

  - TRIBOLOGIA - Year 2010

  W artykule przedstawiono metodykę opracowaną w celu redukcji modelu fizycznego tribometru z ciągłym rozkładem masy (bezwładności), sztywności podparcia oraz tłumienia do modelu dyskretnego. W modelu dyskretnym zastosowano zastępcze masy skupione i elementy sprężysto - tłumiące, których właściwości są dobrane w taki sposób, że charakterystyka drgań własnych tego modelu odpowiada charakterystyce rzeczywistego układu fizycznego. Dzięki...

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• Synthesis and structural characterization of bio-based bis(cyclic carbonate)s for the preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes

  Publication

  • K. Rohde
  • H. Beneš
  • Z. Walterová
  • S. Abbrent
  • A. Eceiza
  • T. Calvo-Correas
  • J. Datta

  - Polymer Chemistry - Year 2021

  Bio-based cyclic carbonates are of significant research interest as monomers for non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) synthesis. This research describes the synthesis of a series of five-membered bis(cyclic carbonate)s using bio-based polyether polyols (PO3G) with different molecular weights (250, 650 and 1000 g mol−1) and carbon dioxide as green feedstocks. The utilization of CO2 as a source of carbon in the chemical reaction is...

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