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Search results for: MATERIAL OF THE PIPE
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Experimental studies on the impact of changing the pipe material on the propagation of the pressure wave during water hammer
PublicationAim of the paper is to present the results studying the water hammer phenomenon in pipes made of different materials, and to show the impact of changing the type of material of the pipe on the velocity of the pressure wave during the transient flow in the pipes. In terms of research material and methods, pipes made of galvanized steel and high-density polyethylene were tested. Measurements were made using strain gauges with a high...
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Alternative Approach to Convolution Term of Viscoelasticity in Equations of Unsteady Pipe Flow
PublicationIn the paper the selected aspects concerning description of viscoelastic behavior of pipe walls during unsteady flow are analyzed. The alternative convolution expression of the viscoelastic term is presented and compared with the corresponding term referring to unsteady friction. Both approaches indicate similarities in the forms of impulse response functions and the parameter properties. The flow memory was introduced into convolution...
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EFFECT OF WORKING FLUID SELECTION ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGER FILLED BY THE POROUS MATERIAL
PublicationThermal management of electronics semiconductor technologies that are located i.e. in a novel marine power plants or computer server rooms become very important issue for designers of such systems. Motivation and need for research in development of novel cooling strategies for modern electronics is of paramount importance. Heat exchangers filled by the porous material are a novel research topic in current heat pipe science. The...
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Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in the Casing Pipe
PublicationThe current carrying capacity of a power cable determines its ability to carry a specific current and is related to the efficiency of dissipation of heat generated in the cable laid in a specific environment. The studies were conducted in order to determine how the characteristics of the medium around the cable affected its temperature, and thus the ability of the cable to transmit electricity. The experimentation in the lab and...
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Additive Manufacturing as a Solution to Challenges Associated with Heat Pipe Production
PublicationThe aim of this review is to present the recent developments in heat pipe production, which respond to the current technical problems related to the wide implementation of this technology. A novel approach in HP manufacturing is to utilise hi-tech additive manufacturing techniques where the most complicated geometries are fabricated layer-by-layer directly from a digital file. This technology might be a solution to various challenges...
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Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study
PublicationAbstract: The mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also on the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete...
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Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study
PublicationThe mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete Element Methods....
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Analiza porównawcza procesów tłumienia i wygładzania fali ciśnienia w trakcie nieustalonego przepływu w rurociągach wykonanych z różnych materiałów.
PublicationUderzenie hydrauliczne jest uważane za jeden z najważniejszych problemów nieustalonego przepływu w przewodach, dlatego nadal stanowi obiekt badań wielu naukowców. To zagadnienie może być badane na dwóch poziomach: praktycznym i teoretycznym. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały wyniki badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych na stanowisku pomiarowym nieustalonego przepływu, funkcjonującym w Laboratorium Hydraulicznym Wydziału Inżynierii...
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The Influence of Loop Heat Pipe Evaporator Porous Structure Parameters and Charge on Its Effectiveness for Ethanol and Water as Working Fluids
PublicationAbstract: This paper presents the results of experiments carried out on a specially designed experimental rig designed for the study of capillary pressure generated in the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) evaporator. The commercially available porous structure made of sintered stainless steel constitutes the wick. Three different geometries of the porous wicks were tested, featuring the pore radius of 1, 3 and 7 um. Ethanol and water as two...
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Influence of the low ambient temperature on the start-up process of hydraulic pumps
PublicationStarting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of pressure drop in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump working chambers with...
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Badania połączeń spawanych rurociągu wody pitnej we Włocławku, ang. Welding joints tests in drinking water pipeline.
PublicationCelem badań opisanych w pracy było określenie przyczyn korozji powstałej w strefie wpływu ciepła (SWC) w obwodowych połączeniach spawanych w rurociągu wody pitnej. Materiałem, z którego wykonano rurociąg to stal 304/304L. W obszarze złącza spawanego stwierdzono wżery inicjowane od niezgodności geometrycznych, gdzie mogły gromadzić się osady zwiększające udział chlorków bezpośrednio przy powierzchni rury, promujące tym procesy korozyjne....
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Heat transfer enhancement of modular thermal energy storage unit for reversible heat pump cooperation
PublicationThe following article presents experimental comparison research on a hexagonal shelland-tube latent thermal energy storage (TES). Such shape of a shell was deliberately chosen instead of a cylindrical one due to its high modularity and with intent for future applications in automobiles (EV and PHEV) air conditioning systems (HVAC). Two geometries of helical coils, acting as tubes, were studied in this article. One was a simple...
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Analiza parametrów płukania sieci wodociągowej metodą ukierunkowanego przepływu wody
PublicationEksperymenty prowadzone przez wiele lat podczas płukania sieci wodociągowej metodą jednokierunkowego przepływu wody umożliwiają weryfikację interakcji między jakością wypłukiwania nagromadzonych zanieczyszczeń oraz parametrami przepływu, liczbą cykli wymiany wody, a także zasięgiem płukania. Usuwanie zanieczyszczeń na początku przebiega zgodnie z szybko rosnącą krzywą, a następnie według funkcji malejącej. Taki przebieg jest spowodowany...
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Evaluation of mercury content in combustible tobacco products by employing cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy and considering the moisture content: a comprehensive study
PublicationPlants are mainly made up of water, which constitutes between 80 and 90% of their weight. Moisture factor comes across as one of the most important in tobacco products. Rapid determination of moisture content in tobacco products comes at neces- sity in any tobacco management plants (before and after production). Therefore, the concern has been raised in this study to evaluate the moisture content in four kinds of combustible tobacco...
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Sound intensity distribution around organ pipe
PublicationThe aim of the paper was to compare acoustic field around the open and stopped organ pipes. The wooden organ pipe was located in the anechoic chamber and activated with a constant air flow, produced by an external air-compressor. Thus, long-term steady state response was possible to obtain. Multichannel acoustic vector sensor was used to measure the sound intensity distribution of radiated acoustic energy. Measurements have been...
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RESEARCH OF HYDRAULIC PISTON PUMPS’ START-UP IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
PublicationStarting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of increase of resistance of cold oil flow in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump...
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Reservoir Influence on Pressure Wave Propagation in Steel Pipes
PublicationThe relation between the length of steel pipe and the pressure wave period in the system, reservoir-pipe-valve, is discussed. Experiments carried out for the short steel pipes showed that in such a system, the pressure wave celerity estimated using the measured wave cycles systematically increases with the increase of the pipe length. The observed differences can exceed even 90 m=s. As the pressure wave traveling in the pipe with...
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Data recorded for the purpose of the 3D sound intensity visualization around the organ pipe (des sound)
Open Research DataThe set contains data recorded using the Cartesian robot and multichannel acoustic vector sensor (from Microflown) for the purpose of the 3D sound intensity visualization of radiated acoustic energy around the organ pipe.
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Effect of Simultaneous Valve Closures in Hydraulic Piping Systems
PublicationThe paper investigates wave interference (between pressure waves) occurring in simple hydraulic systems. Water hammer was induced by simultaneous closure of three valves located at the reservoirs of a “Y” type hydraulic system. Numerical simulations were carried out with the help of the freeware computer package Allievi enabling the reader to replicate results in a direct manner. The influence of the following quantities has been...
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Measurements and visualization of sound field distribution around organ pipe
PublicationMeasurements and visualization of acoustic field around an organ pipe are presented. Sound intensity technique was applied for this purpose. Measurements were performed in free field. The organ pipe was activated with a constant air flow, produced by an external compressor, aimed at obtaining long-term steady state responses of generated acoustic signal. Sound energy distribution was measured in a defined fixed grid of points...
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Technological solutions to landfill management: Towards recovery of biomethane and carbon neutrality
PublicationInadequate landfill management poses risks to the environment and human health, necessitating action. Poorly designed and operated landfills release harmful gases, contaminate water, and deplete resources. Aligning landfill management with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reveals its crucial role in achieving various targets. Urgent transformation of landfill practices is necessary to address challenges like climate change,...
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Verification of baffle factor for straight pipe flow
PublicationDuring the water disinfection devices designing, it is often assumed that the baffle factor for a straight pipe reactors is equal to one. It would be possible only for the plug flow, which is a simplified model of the flow and does not appear in real situations. The paper contains an equation which enables calculation of the real value of the baffle factor for the pipe flow.
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Analysis of magnetic field inside thin-layer ferromagnetic objects
PublicationResults of the numerical analysis of the magnetic field inside an infinitely long, thin-layer ferromagnetic pipe with and without a barrier were presented in this paper. Two wires with current symmetrically placed on two sides of the pipe are the sources of magnetic field. Numerical calculations for the quasi-steady state for chosen frequency band were carried out in the Flux 2D.
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Sounding Mechanism of a Flue Organ Pipe—A Multi-Sensor Measurement Approach
PublicationThis work presents an approach that integrates the results of measuring, analyzing, and modeling air flow phenomena driven by pressurized air in a flue organ pipe. The investigation concerns a Bourdon organ pipe. Measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber using the Cartesian robot equipped with a 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) that acquires both acoustic pressure and air particle velocity. Also, a high-speed camera is employed...
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Measurements of Two-phase Flows in Pipelines Using Radioisotopes and Statistical Signal Processing
PublicationThis paper presents an application of radiotracers and gamma absorption method in two-phase flow measurements in pipelines. Two different methods were implemented to analysis of acquired signals. Investigated methods are based on the cross-correlation function and the phase of the cross-spectral density distribution. The examples presented in the article illustrate the application of the radioisotopes to evaluation of liquid-gas...
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Interaction Between Storm Water Conduit Flow and Overland Flow for Numerical Modelling of Urban Area Inundation
PublicationNowadays we can observe increasing frequency of inundations in cities. This makes accurate predicting of inundations more important than ever. Numerical modeling of this issue requires complex approach with simultaneous calculations of pipe flow and surface flow. In this paper, after a short review of known methods used for solving pipe and surface flow, we will try to answer the question if presented methods would be sufficiently...
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Experimental Verification of Storm Sewer Transient Flow Simulation
PublicationThe paper focuses mainly on laboratory investigations of transient and transcritical flow in a single pipe of a sewer system. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between pressure values calculated by an improved McCormack scheme and those measured at the hydraulic laboratory of the Gdansk University of Technology, which were observed inside a pipe in an experiment for water flow with pressurization. The analysis proves...
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Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe
PublicationThe subject of considerations is a spherical bifurcation pipe of a live steam made of steel P91, which is an element of a block of coal-fired power plant working with a 18K370 turbine. As experience shows, it is a very sensitive element of the boiler pipelines. An extreme work scenario for such a block has been adopted, in which the turbine is shutting down to a warm state three times in 24 hours. This is an action dictated by...
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Application of Shape Memory Alloys in Pipeline Couplings for Shipbuilding
PublicationThe aim of the study is to analyse shape memory alloy (SMA) pipeline joints in limited space applications for all kinds of ships. Generally, the space available in various areas on ships is strictly limited and service works usually meet many obstacles. If we consider a pipeline, the flange joints always require a larger free space around the pipe than the pipe alone. A simultaneous problem can occur with the propeller shaft line...
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Rurka ciepła z pętlą obiegową jako urządzenie do odzysku ciepła
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono możliwości odzysku ciepła za pomocą rurki ciepła z pętlą obiegową (ang. loop heat pipe)
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The influence of stainless steels microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of pressure installation elements
PublicationIn this paper results of FEM analysis performed for pipe and 90o elbow, made of super duplex stainless steel, after precipitation of sigma phase (),were presented. Heat treatment conditions simulate accidental overheating that can occur in nuclear installations after cooling circulation fails. For initial and modified microstructure tensile test was performed and numerical description of work hardening curves was done. Verification...
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The influence of stainless steels microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of pressure installation elements
PublicationIn this paper results of FEM analysis performed for pipe and 90o elbow, made of super duplex stainless steel, after precipitation of sigma phase (s), were presented. Heat treatment conditions simulate accidental overheating that can occur in nuclear installations after cooling circulation fails. For initial and modified microstructure tensile test was performed and numerical description of work hardening curves was done. Verification...
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Broadening the scope of measurement and analysis of vibrations of an organ pipe employing intensity probe, simulations, and highspeed camera
PublicationThis paper shows an integrated approach to measure, analyze, and model phenomena occurring in an organ pipe driven by pressurized air. The aim of this paper is two-fold, i.e., to measure the pressure signal and the intensity field around the mouth by means of an intensity probe and to visualize and observe the motion of the air jet, which represents the excitation mechanism of the system. This is realized through two techniques,...
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Effect of the inclination angle of the condenser on the heat transfer coefficient value – experimental study
PublicationWhen considering problem of the condensation of the refrigerant in a flow inside channel, one needs to pay attention to the shape of its cross-section, the hydraulic diameter, the channel length as well as the orientation of the channel axis in space (horizontal, vertical, inclined). This paper presents an experimental study concerning the effect of the inclination angle of the condenser with a single coil pipe on the heat transfer...
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Two technologies selected for metropolitan area
PublicationZastosowanie dwóch efektywnych technologii budowlanych, tj. jet grouting i pipe roofing, przedstawiono na przykładzie realizacji budowlanych w obszarze aglomeracji miejskiej. Technika jet grouting znalazła bardzo interesujące zastosowanie przy wykonywaniu szczelnych przesłon przeciwfiltracyjnych, które znacząco ograniczają napływ wody gruntowej do wykopu i umożliwiają przez to swobodne prowadzenie prac fundamentowych. Przedstawiona...
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Multicriteria Optimization Approach to Design and Operation of District Heating Supply System over its Life Cycle
PublicationDistrict Heating (DH) systems are commonly supplied using local heat sources. Nowadays, modern insulation materials allow for effective and economically viable heat transportation over long distances (over 20 km). In the paper a method for optimized selection of design and operating parameters of long distance Heat Transportation System (HTS) is proposed. The method allows for evaluation of feasibility and effectivity of heat transportation...
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Measurements of Dispersed Phase Velocity in Two-Phase Flows in Pipelines Using Gamma-Absorption Technique and Phase of the Cross-Spectral Density Function
PublicationThis paper concerns the application of the gamma radiation absorption method in the measurements of dispersed phase velocity in two-phase flows: liquid–gas flow in a horizontal pipe- line and liquid–solid particles in a vertical pipe. Radiometric sets containing two linear 241Am gamma radiation sources and two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors were used in the research. Due to the stochastic nature of the signals obtained from the...
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Numerical single-phase modeling of turbulent flow and heat transfer of nanofluids
PublicationIn this work, Nusselt number and friction factor are calculated numerically for turbulent pipe flow (6 000< Re < 12 000) with constant heat flux boundary condition using nanofluids. The nanofluid is modelled with the single-phase approach and the simulation results are compared with published experimental data.
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Improved energy management technique in pipe-embedded wall heating/cooling system in residential buildings
PublicationEffective and environmentally responsive techniques of energy management in residential buildings are desirable for the resulting reduction of energy costs and consumption. In this paper, an improved and efficient technique of energy management in pipe-embedded wall heating/cooling systems, called the Thermal Barrier, is described. Specifically, the Thermal Barrier is a technique focused on the management and control of heat supply...
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Improved energy management technique in pipe-embedded wall heating/cooling system in residential buildings
PublicationEffective and environmentally responsive techniques of energy management in residential buildings are desirable for the resulting reduction of energy costs and consumption. In this paper, an improved and efficient technique of energy management in pipe-embedded wall heating/cooling systems, called the Thermal Barrier, is described. Specifically, the Thermal Barrier is a technique focused on the management and control of heat...
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A simplified model of 3-D pipe system conveying flowing liquid
PublicationThe paper presents a model reduction technique of a 3-D pipe system with flowing liquid. In the analysis and design of control (mechatronic) systems it is useful to work with simple, low order models. A hybrid reduced order model is proposed. The system model consists of two parts, the modal model and the finite element model.
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Modelling of pipes conveying flowing liquid
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of modal reduction of system which consists of pipe with flowing liquid. The concept of hybrid model is proposed. The system model consists of two parts, the modal model and the finite elements model. The modal model represents linear, self-adjoined part of the system, while simple lumped technique is applied for modelling of Coriolis phenomena.
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An approach for estimation of water wall degradation within pulverized-coal boilers
PublicationThe main aim of this paper is to estimate the lifetime of water walls of pulverized-coal boilers at nominal conditions as well as after degradation of water tubes. An approach for a pulverized-coal chamber degradation process has been formulated based on operational and experimental data. This model was formulated using on-line state monitoring of a pulverized coal burner with aim of preventing the fireplace screens from high degradation...
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Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Wickless Heat Pipe Operating with Different Fluids: Water, Ethanol, and SES36. Analysis of Influences of Instability Processes at Working Operation Parameters
PublicationIn this study, the influences of different parameters on performance of a wickless heat pipe have been presented. Experiments have been carried out for an input power range from 50 W to 300 W, constant cooling water mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s, and constant temperature at the inlet to condenser of 10 C. Three working fluids have been tested: water, ethanol, and SES36 (1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane) with different filling ratios (0.32,...
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The concept of capillary forces supported evaporator for application to domestic ORC unit
PublicationIn the paper presented are studies on the investigation of the capillary forces effect inducted in the porous structure of a loop heat pipe. The potential application of such heat exchanger is for example an evaporator of the domestic micro CHP unit. Preliminary analysis of the results indicates water as having the best potential, however taking into account all issues it can be said that the best effect is obtained using ethanol.
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Investigation of the influence of capilary effect on operation of the loop heat pipe
PublicationIn the paper presented are studies on the inestigation of the capillary forces effect inducted in the porous structure of a loop heat pipe using water and ethanol ad test fluids. The potential application of such effects is for example in the evaporator of the domestic micro-CHP unit, where the reduction of pumping power could be obtained. Preliminary analysis of the results indicates water as having the best potential for developing...
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Experiment-Based Study of Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in a Casing Pipe
PublicationThe paper deals with the important challenges in terms of electricity transmission by means of underground cable lines. The power cable’s performance is characterized by an ampacity that represents its maximum electric current-carrying capacity. The ampacity of power cables depends on their ability to diffuse the heat generated by the current flow into the environment. In the performed research, the analysis of the efficiency of...
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Reduction of Computational Complexity in Simulations of the Flow Process in Transmission Pipelines
PublicationThe paper addresses the problem of computational efficiency of the pipe-flow model used in leak detection and identification systems. Analysis of the model brings attention to its specific structure, where all matrices are sparse. With certain rearrangements, the model can be reduced to a set of equations with tridiagonal matrices. Such equations can be solved using the Thomas algorithm. This method provides almost the same values...
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The FEM analysis of pressure installation elements after simulated accidental overheating
PublicationThe paper presents innovative analysis focused on the safety aspects of existing pressure installation operation after overheating accidents. Results presented here can be applied in decision-making process concerning further operation of existing pressure installation after cooling system failure. In this paper the results of FEM analysis performed for a straight pipe and 90 degrees elbow, made of super duplex stainless steel,...
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MultiRegional PCA for leakage detection and localisation in DWDS - Chojnice case study
PublicationThis chapter considers pipe leakage detection and localisation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) by using a novel approach the MultiRegional Principal Component Analysis (MR-PCA). The MR-PCA is an extension of well known PCA method. The main idea of MR-PCA consists in designing a number of regional PCA models and analysing their responses caused by the pipe faults. Moreover, DWDS is decomposed into suitable subnetworks...