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Offshore
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Ships and Offshore Structures
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SOME PROBLEMS OF SUPPORTING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES
PublicationBasic problems of foundations of sea wind turbines are considered in this paper. This aims to search for solutions to optimize supporting of the offshore turbines with a size greater than 10 MW. The types of foundations, their basic features, including most important dimensions, applications as well as general design considerations are discussed. Numerical model of the offshore turbine and some preliminary computations for a case...
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PHYSICAL MODELLING OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN PORTS AND OFFSHORE
PublicationThe physical modelling of subsoil behaviour and soil-structure interaction is essential for the proper design of offshore structures and port infrastructure. A brief introduction to such modelling of geoengineering problems is presented and some methods and experimental devices are described. The relationships between modelling scales are given. Some examples of penetration testing results in centrifuge and calibration chamber...
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APPLICATION OF REDUNDANCY IN SHIP POWER PLANTS OF OFFSHORE VESSEL
PublicationPower and propulsion systems of offshore units must be of a very high level of reliability. The loss of ability to perform functions of their components causes generally to very high economic losses, which may be increased by unused the weather window resulting to postponing the planned offshore operations. To ensure carrying out so expensive offshore operations in the most reliable way, various types of redundancies are built-in...
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Strength analysis of the support structure of the offshore wind turbine
PublicationThe global power demand from renewable sources is growing. One of a very favorable solution which meets severe environmental protection requirements are the offshore wind turbines. The offshore wind energy sector has experienced very fast development over last decade. Offshore wind farms, in comparison with onshore applications, can provide increased efficiency with reduced noise, visual, transportation and installation con-flicts....
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Heave Plates with Holes for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
PublicationThe paper presents an innovative solution which is heave plates with holes. The long-known heave plates are designed to damp the heave motion of platforms. They are most often used for Spar platforms. The growing interest in this type of platform as supporting structures for offshore wind turbines makes it necessary to look for new solutions. Based on the available literature and the authors’ own research, it was concluded that...
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING
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Offshore project management based on jack-up rig conversion
PublicationChapter presents aspects of Offshore project management during conversion drilling rig to accommodation rig in Batam Indonesia
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CFGFRPT Piles with a Circular Cross-Section and their Application in Offshore Structures
PublicationThe possibilities of using concrete piles in a polymer composite reinforced with glass fibres in offshore facilities were shown. Laboratory tests of CFGFRPT type piles compressed axially and in eccentric compression for the analysis of CFGFRPT piles were used. Methods of analysis of dynamic systems for mathematical modelling of the displacement of the hammer in the pile driving process were applied. The possibilities of combining...
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THE USE OF GREEN LOGISTICS ELEMENTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF OFFSHORE VESSELS
PublicationThe article is aimed at the presentation referring to the use of green logistics elements during the construction of the offshore vessels in the following aspects: collection, removal and utilisation of any waste that is harmful for natural environment, elimination of the negative impact that such waste can have on natural environment and the search for the optimal solutions as regards these aspects.
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Studying the effectiveness of a modernized cathodic protection system for an offshore platform
PublicationPrzedstawiono dokonaną modernizację starego systemu ochrony katodowej nóg platformy morskiej oraz omówiono wykonane badania skuteczności przeciwkorozyjnej zastosowanego rozwiązania. Modernizacja polegała na podłączeniu do nóg platformy układów anod galwanicznych umieszczonych na dnie morza. Skuteczność działania systemu oceniono na podstawie pomiarów profili potencjałowych nóg platformy. Po podłączaniu kolejnych układów anod...
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Review of non- welded piping technologies on offshore equipment projects
PublicationThe aim of this article are considerations on welded and non-welded tube connection technologies, with advantages and disadvantages of both. After choosing non-welded solutions as the assembly method of choice, the thesis progresses to describing the most widely-used tube connection technologies (JIC, Ermeto, retain ring flanges, flared tube flanges and other, minor, solutions) and their properties.
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Influence of pitting corrosion on strength of steel ships and offshore structures
PublicationPraca dotyczy wpływu korozji wżerowej na własności mechaniczne stali o zwykłej i podwyższonej wytrzymałości oraz na wytrzymałość stalowych konstrukcji przy obciążeniach statycznych i quasi- statycznych. Artykuł oparty jest głównie na japońskich publikacjach. W próbie rozciągania, korozja wżerowa obniża nieznacznie obciążenie odpowiadające granicy plastyczności Re(nieznacznie) i wytrzymałości na rozciąganie Rm (silniej, redukuje...
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APPLICATION OF THE KOSECKI’S METHOD IN DESIGNING OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS FOUNDATION
PublicationThe concept of offshore wind power plants has been well developed in many European countries. There is no such thing as design of offshore wind power plants according to national tradition. The main problem is the lack of standards and guidelines. Ones being applied are Scandinavian or American methods which are not fully adapted to the conditions of the Baltic Sea. The article focuses on the monopile design, as it is currently the...
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Logistyka składowania odpadów w procesie produkcyjnym statków typu offshore
PublicationW niniejszym artykule autor przedstawił najistotniejsze problemy dotyczące logistyki odpadów, z którymi na co dzień boryka się jedna z polskich stoczni, podczas produkcji statków typu offshore - wraz z możliwymi rozwiązaniami
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Strength analysis of a large-size supporting structure for an offshore wind turbine
PublicationThe offshore wind power industry is the branch of electric energy production from renewable sources which is most intensively developed in EU countries. At present, there is a tendency to install larger-power wind turbines at larger distances from the seashore, on relatively deep waters. Consequently, technological solutions for new supporting structures intended for deeper water regions are undergoing rapid development now. Various...
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VSC converters control for offshore wind farms HVDC grid connection
PublicationThe paper proposes a voltage sourced converter (VSC) new control method. A well-known in the electric power systems correlation between voltage angle and active power and correlation between voltage and reactive power is used instead of feedforward control. This allows for a fast and almost independent control of active and reactive power flow.
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DESIGN AND STRENGTH CALCULATIONS OF THE TRIPOD SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR OFFSHORE POWER PLANT
PublicationThe support structure being the object of the analysis presented in the article is Tripod. According to the adopted assumptions, it is a foundation gravitationally set in the water region of 60 m in depth, not fixed to the seabed, which can be used for installing a 7MW wind turbine. Due to the lack of substantial information on designing and strength calculations of such types of structures in the world literature, authors have...
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Determination of p-y curves for offshore piles based on in-situ soil investigations
PublicationOffshore piles are subjected to complex loads with considerable lateral component. The pile-soil response to lateral loads can be described with the p-y method. For a given depth the load–deflection relationship is built to simulate the surrounding soil stiffness. This state-of-art paper presents a brief discussion of determination methods for the p-y curves using a standard approach based on the soil parameters derived from laboratory...
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Zastosowanie uchwytów magnetycznych w procesie budowy jednostek offshore stoczni X
PublicationW tekście przedstawiono nowe rozwiązania rozwiązania procesu montażu elementów konstrukcyjnych w jednostkach offshore stoczni X. Nowa proponowana metoda, polegająca na zastosowaniu uchwytów magnetycznych i pozwala na skrócenie czasu montażu z trzech godzin do półtorej godziny, tj. o 50%. Ponadto w metodzie tej obniżone zostaną koszty materiałów oraz energii elektrycznej. Czas wykonania jednostki offshore ulegnie również skróceniu...
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Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems
PublicationThis paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore...
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Offshore surface waters of Antarctica are free of microplastics, as revealed by a circum-Antarctic study
PublicationIn 2018, during a circum navigation of Antarctica below 62° S by the sailing boat Katharsis II, the presence of plastics was investigated with surface sampling nets at ten evenly spaced locations (every 36° of longitude). Although fibres that appeared to be plastic (particles up to 2 cm) were found in numbers ranging from 1 particle (0.002 particles per m3) to 171 particles (1.366 particles per m3) per station, a Fourier-transform...
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Analysis of the Hydrodynamic Properties of the 3-Column Spar Platform for Offshore Wind Turbines
PublicationThe article presents a design of a floating platform for offshore wind turbines. The concept is a modification of the Spar design and consists of three variable section columns connected to each other by a ballast tank in the lower part of the platform. This solution makes it possible to influence the position of the centre of buoyancy and the centre of mass of the structure. Compared to the classic Spar platform structure, the...
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Effective method for determining environmental loads on supporting structures for offshore wind turbines
PublicationThis paper presents a description of an effective method for determining loads due to waves, current and wind acting on the supporting structures of the offshore wind turbines. This method is dedicated to the structures consisting of the cylindrical or conical elements as well as (truncates) pyramids of polygon with a large number of sides (8 or more). The presented computational method is based on the Morison equation, which was...
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Effective method for determining environmental loads on supporting structures for offshore wind turbines
PublicationThis paper presents a description of an effective method for determining loads due to waves and current acting on the supporting structures of the offshore wind turbines. This method is dedicated to the structures consisting of the cylindrical or conical elements as well as (truncates) pyramids of polygon with a large number of sides (8 or more). The presented computational method is based on the Morison equation, which was originally...
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ECONOMICAL AND SAFE METHOD OF GRANULAR MATERIAL STORAGE IN SILOS IN OFFSHORE PORT TERMINALS
PublicationThe article discusses issues related with storage of granular materials in silos made of corrugated sheets and reinforced with vertical ribs. Advantages and disadvantages of these structures are named, and typical technological solutions used by largest silo producers are presented. Moreover, basic assumptions of Eurocode 3 are discussed in the context of determining the buckling load capacity of a ribbed jacket. Alternative methods...
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FRP-based reinforcement coatings of steel with application prospects in ships and offshore structures: a review
PublicationLatest research on novel FRP-based anti-corrosion structural coatings (for enhancing structural capacity and strengthening the coating layer) is discussed with application prospects for ships and offshore structures. In the marine environment, structures constantly face corrosion and fatigue cracks. Combining this with high operational and wave loads, it might cause a structural collapse. Recently, polymer composites have been...
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Comparative Study of Machining Technology Selection to Manufacture Large-Size Components of Offshore Constructions
PublicationThe focus of this paper is on process planning for large parts manufacture in systems of definite process capabilities, involving the use of multi-axis machining centres. The analysis of machining heavy mechanical components used in off-shore constructions has been carried out. Setup concepts applied and operation sequences determined in related process plans underwent studies. The paper presents in particular a reasoning approach...
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Impact of steel grade on a ship colliding with an offshore wind turbine monopile supporting structure
PublicationOffshore wind power is experiencing rapid development around the world. The number of installations and their size is growing. Thousands of monopile support structures with diameters of 10 m and weights of 2000 tons will be installed in the coming years. Offshore wind power installations, often located close to the shore and shipping routes, pose a new challenge to ship safety. The study analyses the damages from an accidental...
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Hybrid Finite Element Method Development for Offshore Structures’ Calculation with the Implementation of Industry Standards
PublicationIn the design process of offshore steel structures, it is typical to employ commercial calculation codes in which simulation and evaluation of results are performed on the basis of the available standards (e.g. API, DNV, Lloyds). The modeling and solution rely on finite element methods and cover the simulation of the structure’s properties along with the influence of the marine environment – sea currents, wave and wind loading,...
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Hybrid Finite Element Method Development for Offshore Structures’ Calculation with the Implementation of Industry Standards
PublicationIn the design process of offshore steel structures, it is typical to employ commercial calculation codes in which simulationand evaluation of results are performed on the basis of the available standards (e.g. API, DNV, Lloyds). The modelingand solution rely on finite element methods and cover the simulation of the structure’s properties along with the influenceof the marine environment – sea currents, wave...
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Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
PublicationUnderwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)...
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Selected Aspects Of Building, Operation And Environmental Impact Of Offshore Wind Power Electric Plants
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Life Cycle Analysis of Ecological Impacts of an Offshore and a Land-Based Wind Power Plant
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Comparison Analysis of Blade Life Cycles of Land-Based and Offshore Wind Power Plants
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The analysis of the mechanical properties of welding joints of high-strength steels for offshore and ships structures
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono równania korelacyjne właściwości mechanicznych złaczy spawanych stali wysokiej wytrzymałości, które umożliwiają ocenę wpływu technologii spawania tych stali.W pracy zaproponowana dwa równania. Pierwsze umożliwa wstępną ocenę spawalności obecnie produkowanych stali wysokiej wytrzymałości, natomiast równania korelacyjne pozwalają obliczyć maksymalną twardość strefy wpływu ciepła materiału.
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Unidirectional thyristor-based DC-DC converter for HVDC connection of offshore wind farms
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Power Hardware In-the-Loop validation of DC-DC power converter for offshore wind energy
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The influence of water and mineral oil on volumetric losses in the displacement pump for offshore and marine applications
PublicationIn this paper volumetric losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a prototype of a satellite pump (with a non-circular tooth working mechanism). In this paper the sources of volumetric losses in this pump are characterised. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been presented. The results of the calculation...
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THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AND MINERAL OIL ON MECHANICAL LOSSES IN THE DISPLACEMENT PUMP FOR OFFSHORE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublicationIn this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a satellite pump. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. This pump...
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The analysis of the mechanical properties of welding joints of high-strength steels for offshore and ships structures
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono równania korelacyjne właściwości mechanicznych złaczy spawanych stali wysokiej wytrzymałości, które umożliwiają ocenę wpływu technologii spawania tych stali. W pracy zaproponowana dwa równania. Pierwsze umożliwa wstępną ocenę spawalności obecnie produkowanych stali wysokiej wytrzymałości, natomiast równania korelacyjne pozwalają obliczyć maksymalną twardość strefy wpływu ciepła materiału.
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The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil on Mechanical Losses in a Hydraulic Motor for Offshore and Marine Applications
PublicationIn this paper, mechanical losses in a hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were onducted using a special design (prototype) of a hydraulic satellite motor. The design of the satellite motor is presented. This motor was developed to supply both with water and mineral oil and features...
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Mineral oil-based hydrostatic drives as the basic drive systems in the construction of offshore eqiupment projects
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present the components used in the production of mineral oil-based hydrostatic drives as the basic drive systems for the offshore industry. The article contains de-scriptions of the components of the said systems, with the description of their suitability for mi-neral oil operation and offshore applications.
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Application of unmanned USV surface and AUV underwater maritime platforms for the monitoring of offshore structures at sea
PublicationThe operation of offshore structures at sea requires the implementation of advanced systems for their permanent monitoring. There is a set of novel technologies that could be implemented to deliver a higher level of effective and safe operation of these systems. A possible novel solution may be the application of a new maritime unmanned (USV) surface and underwater vehicles/platforms (AUV). Application of such vehicles/platforms...
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MULTI-CRITERIA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SUBTRACTIVE AND ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MANUFACTURING OF OFFSHORE MACHINERY COMPONENTS
PublicationThe dynamic development of additive manufacturing technologies, especially over the last few years, has increased the range of possible industrial applications of 3D printed elements. This is a consequence of the distinct advantages of additive techniques, which include the possibility of improving the mechanical strength of products and shortening lead times. Offshore industry is one of these promising areas for the application...
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Residual stresses distribution in long seam-welded offshore catenary riser of high-manganese steel
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Ochrona środowiska naturalnego podczas produkcji jednostek typu offshore na przykładzie wybranej Stoczni
PublicationW artykule autor przedstawił najistotniejsze problemy ochrony środowiska naturalnego, z którymi na co dzień boryka się analizowana Stocznia, podczas produkcji jednostek typu offshore, wraz z możliwymi rozwiązaniami.
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NUMERICAL MODEL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA
PublicationAs a structure degrades some changes in its dynamical behavior can be observed, and inversely, observation and evaluation of these dynamical changes of the structure can provide information of structural state of the object. Testing of the real structure, besides of being costly, can cover only limited working states. It is particularly considerable in case of hardly accessible, and randomly/severely dynamically loaded offshore...
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Underwater Electrochemical Offshore Tests of a Paint Coating Applied in Water on the Legs of an Oil Production Platform
PublicationThis paper presents the methodology developed for underwater measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, aimed at determining the resistance of an epoxy coating applied in seawater to the legs of an oil production platform. Performing such underwater tests in an offshore environment was technically challenging. The results of measurements obtained on the platform were confronted with comparative results...