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Search results for: POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS
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Synthesis and Investigation of Glycolysates and Obtained Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationScharakteryzowano proces glikolizy poprodukcyjnych odpadów poliuretanowych przeprowadzony przy użyciu glikolu heksametylenowego. Przedstawiono niektóre właściwości fizykochemiczne otrzymanych glikolizatów. Omówiono wyniki analizy termicznej, termomechanicznej oraz budowy chemicznej metodą FTIR zsyntetyzowanych elastomerów poliuretanowych. Właściwości mechaniczne zmierzono w warunkch statycznych przy użyciu uniwersalnej maszyny...
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Synthesis and characterisation of polyurethane elastomers with semi-products obtained from polyurethane recycling
PublicationIn this work polyurethane elastomers were synthesised by using different mixtures of a petrochemical and glycerolysate polyols and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Glycerolysate polyol was produced from polyurethane foam decomposition using crude glycerine as a decomposition agent. The structure and thermal properties of obtained semi-product were similar to the polyol used in the synthesis of original foam. Glycerolysate...
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Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationW pracy omówiono wyniki badań elastomerów wytworzonych z glikolizatów poddanych dezaminacji. Glikolizaty otrzymywano w procesie transestryfikacji polieterouretanów glikolami: propano-1,3-diolem, pentano-1,5-diolem oraz heksano-1,6-diolem. Procesy prowadzono przy trzech stosunkach masowych pianki:glikolu.
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Application of the DSC analysis of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers to a comparative study of their technological properties
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Renewable Resources for Polyurethanes and Polyurethane Composites: A Review
PublicationEach year, more than two million tons of polyurethane is produced in the EU by reacting isocyanates with polyols made from fossil fuel. In addition, there are appreciable quantities of petroleum based functional additives applied in the industry nowadays for both polyols and polyurethane materials. It is therefore of key importance to develop sustainable economically viable polyols with enhanced functionalities, and thereby reducing...
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Polyurethanes modified with natural polymers for medical application. Part II. Polyurethane/gelatin, polyurethane/starch, polyurethane/cellulose
PublicationThis paper is a literature overview of biomedical PUR modifications with natural polymers such as starch, cellulose and gelatin. Properties like biodegradability and biocompatibility of modified PUR cause that these materials may be used as wound dressings, tissue scaffolds, tissue implants and also vascular grafts.
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Modification of microporous polyurethane elastomers with different types of ash—morphological, mechanical, and thermal studies
PublicationIncorporation of wood ash particles from wood gasification into microporous polyurethane elastomers has been investigated and compared to addition of commercially available microspheres resulting from coal burning. Samples were modified with 3 and 6 wt% of fillers. Structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of obtained elastomers were investigated. Incorporation of both types of ash particles decreased the density of polyurethanes...
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Polyurethanes modified with natural polymers for medical application. I. Polyurethanes/ Chitosan and polyurethane/collagen.
PublicationFor over three decades polyurethanes (PUR or PU) have been reported for application in a variety of medical devices. These polymers consist of hard and soft segments, which allow for more subtle control of their structure and properties. By varying the composition of the different segments, properties of PURcan be tuned up for use in many areas of medicine. Recently there is a great interest in modification of biomedical PUR with...
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Investigation of polyurethane elastomer–steel joints using glass lacquer as an adhesive agent
PublicationThis article describes an innovative method of coupling polyurethane elastomer (based on polyurethane glycolysate) with constructional steel, by implementation of a Glaspur®—glass lacquer containing latent polyurethanes and monosilane adhesion promoters. The commonly applied coupling agent is Cilbond® 45SF glue or its derivatives. Additionally, glycolysate was synthesised from polyurethane waste and 1,3-propylene glycol in 6:1...
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Polyurethanes modified with natural polymers for medical application. Part I. Polyurethane/chitosan and polyurethane/collagen
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Stress Relaxation Behaviour Modeling in Rigid Polyurethane (PU) Elastomeric Materials
PublicationPolyurethane (PU) has been used in a variety of industries during the past few years due to its exceptional qualities, including strong mechanical strength, good abrasion resistance, toughness, low-temperature flexibility, etc. More specifically, PU is easily “tailored” to satisfy particular requirements. There is a lot of potential for its use in broader applications due to this structure–property link. Ordinary polyurethane items...
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Structure-Property Relationship and Multiple Processing Studies of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationCurrently, the growing demand for polymeric materials has led to an increased need to develop effective recycling methods. This study focuses on the multiple processing of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs) as a sustainable approach for polymeric waste management through mechanical recycling. The main objective is to investigate the influence of two reprocessing cycles on selected properties of bio-TPUs....
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Thermoplastic polyurethanes with glycolysate intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling
PublicationThe polyol is a major component in polyurethane formulations and therefore introducing to the formulation recycled polyol (obtained during decomposition process) allows decreasing the usage of pure petrochemical components. In this work, thermoplastic polyurethanes were prepared using various mixtures of a petrochemical macrodiol poly(ethylene-butylene adipate)diol (PEBA) and a recycled glycolysate intermediate, called glycolysate...
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The Green Approach to the Synthesis of Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Partially Bio-Based Hard Blocks
PublicationBio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for the preparation of novel bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs). We studied the influence of the diisocyanate mixture composition on the chemical structure, thermal,...
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Thermal properties of polyurethanes synthesized using waste polyurethane foam glycolysates
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy termicznej (DMTA i TG-FTIR) glikolizatów i otrzymanych z nich poliuretanów. Glikolizaty uzyskiwano w reakcji odpadowej pianki poliuretanowej z 1,6 heksametylenodiolem (HDO) przy różnym stosunku masowym pianki do HDO (1:1 - 10:1). Poliuretany syntezowano metodą dwuetapową z prepolimeru (diizocyjanian MDI + glikolizat), który przedłużano handlowym małocząsteczkowym glikolem.
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Effect of bio-based components on the chemical structure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of green thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers
PublicationIt seems to be obvious that conditions changes during polyols synthesis have impact on the polyols properties. Even the chemical formula is the same or similar, physicochemical properties and also molecular weight of polyols might be different and are significant in term of future polyurethanes properties and processing. In this work, fully bio-based poly(propylene succinate)s synthesized at different temperature conditions were...
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Glass transition temperatures of polyurethane-urea elastomers based on N, N′-ethylenethiourea and N, N′-ethyleneurea as chain extenders
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Sustainable Strategy for Algae Biomass Waste Management via Development of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Composites
PublicationThis work concerns the waste management method of algae biomass wastes (ABW). For this purpose, we prepared bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (bio-TPU) composites. Algae biomass wastes are derived from algal oil extraction of Chlorella vulgaris and from biomass of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina. ABWs were used in the bio-TPUs composites as a filler in the quantity of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The bio-based composites...
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Single-phase product obtained via crude glycerine depolymerisation of polyurethane elastomer: structure characterisation and rheological behaviour
PublicationPolyurethane recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethanewaste. The main purpose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol, a valuable material. In thiswork, amethod of polyurethane thermo-chemical recycling, glycerolysisbymeansof crude glycerine, is proposed. Themaineffort is focusedonthe employment of crude glycerine without purification from biodiesel production...
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Thermo-Chemical Decomposition Study of Polyurethane Elastomer Through Glycerolysis Route with Using Crude and Refined Glycerine as a Transesterification Agent
PublicationDue to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste, chemical recycling of these materials is a topic of growing interest for many researchers. The primary pur- pose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study glycerolysis using glycerine from two sources and two purity grades is proposed as a method of chemical recycling. The main effort of this paper focuses on the employment of commercial...
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Thermoplastic Elastomers Filled With GTR
PublicationIn recent years, searching for new and cost-effective methods of recycling waste tires has been a subject of research in many laboratories worldwide. This is due to regulations in the law and environmental factors, which have both stimulated industry to re-use high quality rubber found in ground tire rubber (GTR). One of the most promising solutions in this area seems to be thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) filled with GTR, which...
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Eco-friendly Route for Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Bio-based Hard Segments Composed of Bio-glycol and Mixtures of Aromatic–Aliphatic and Aliphatic–Aliphatic Diisocyanate
PublicationApplication of bio-based diisocyanates with low volatility instead petrochemical diisocyanates has positive impact on environment by reduction of hazardous effects on living organisms and lead to bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) with good usage properties. This work was focused on the synthesis and chosen properties examination of partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-PUs) obtained using diisocyanate mixtures,...
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Structure versus hydrolytic and thermal stability of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers composed of hard and soft building blocks with high content of green carbon
PublicationNowadays, sustainability plays a key role in the design and synthesis of new materials. One of the methods for the preparation of green materials is incorporation into their structure the monomers with a high content of green carbon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the type and molecular mass of two bio-based polyester polyols and bio-glycol on the properties of aliphatic partially bio-based...
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Wpływ budowy chemicznej na zmiany właściwości mechanicznych i termomechanicznych elastomerów biopoliuretanowych = The influence of chemical structure on mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cast biopolyurethane elastomers
PublicationPrzedmiotem niniejszej pracy są elastomery biopoliuretanowe otrzymywane metodą dwuetapową, tzw. prepolimerową, z wykorzystaniem surowców bio-pochodnych. Zbadano wpływ różnych małocząsteczkowych przedłużaczy łańcucha prepolimerowego: 1,2-biopropanodiolu oraz 1,3-biopropanodiolu na strukturę chemiczną i właściwości mechaniczne (warunki statyczne i dynamiczne) elastomerów biopoliuretanowych. Ponadto, wykorzystano również inny surowiec...
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Structure and properties of polyamides-epoxidized elastomers blends
PublicationBadano mieszaniny poliamidów alifatycznych (PA6, PA 66, PA 12) zawierające do 15% wag. epoksydowanego elastomeru (statystycznego kopolimeru butadien - styren lub liniowego kopolimeru blokowego styren - butadien - styren). Stwierdzono, że właściwości mechaniczne badanych układów znacząco zależą od czasu mieszania. Oddziaływania w mieszaninach badano poprzez zmiany temepratury zeszklenia. Najbardziej korzystne, ze względu na polepszenie...
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An overview of developments in poly(urethane-isocyanurates) elastomers
PublicationNauka i technologia jest przede wszystkim ukierunkowana na rozwój nowych materiałów polimerowych z pożądanych właściwościach. Takimi materiałami są bez wątpienia poliuretany zawierające w swojej strukturze pierścienie izocyjanurowe, charakteryzują się wysoką odpornością termiczną. Wiele z nich jest wykorzystywana jako sztywne pianki w budownictwie. Coraz większym zainteresowaniem cieszą się elastomery uretanowo-izocyjanurowe.
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A Review of Hyperelastic Constitutive Models for Dielectric Elastomers
PublicationDielectric elastomers are smart materials that are essential components in soft systems and structures. The core element of a dielectric elastomer is soft matter, which is mainly rubber-like and elastomeric. These soft materials show a nonlinear behaviour and have a nonlinear strain-stress curve. The best candidates for modelling the nonlinear behaviour of such materials are hyperelastic strain energy functions. Hyperelastic functions...
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Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites
PublicationIn recent years, the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of elastomeric nanocomposites have been examined, especially for a wide range of rubbery composite (including natural rubber) materials. This chapter describes the influence of fillers and nanofillers on the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of elastomeric polyurethane systems. These filled elastomers (similar to the classic natural rubber reinforced elastomers), also exhibit...
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Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of Elastomers Incorporated with Thermoregulating Microcapsules
PublicationPolyurethane (PU) is one of the principal polymers in the global plastic market thanks to its versatility and continuous improvement. In this work, PU elastomeric materials having thermoregulating properties through the incorporation of microcapsules (mSD-(LDPE·EVA-RT27)) from low-density polyethylene and vinyl acetate containing paraffin®RT27 as PCM were produced. Elastomers were synthesized while varying the molar ratio [NCO]/[OH]...
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Properties of PA6/thermoplastic polyurethane and PA6/polyurethane nanocomposite blends
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości i struktury mieszanin i nanokompozytów układów PA6/termoplastyczny poliuretan. W przypadku nanokompozytów wprowadzano nanonapełniacz w postaci montmorylonitu. Zbadano właściwości termiczne i wytrzymałościowe oraz omówiono wyniki analiz strukturalnych, otrzymanych z dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i mikroskopii elektronowej.
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Polyurethanes
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Polyurethanes
PublicationHandbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using...
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Polyurethanes
PublicationThe chapter content is devoted to Polyurethanes and consists of the following items: general characteristics of polyurethanes, raw materials used in the synthesis of crosslinked polyurethanes, synthesis and crosslinking reactions of polyurethanes, morphology of liniear and branched PU, manufacturing methods and functional properties.
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Thermoplastic elastomer filaments and their application In 3D printig
PublicationThe paper provides an overview on the materials used in the 3D printing technology (the Polish and foreign market) with a particular focus on flexible filaments and their possible application in the industry. There are described the techniques of 3D printing and modern filaments available on the market. There is observed the increase of interest in the production of products from filaments based on thermoplastic elastomers (TPE),...
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Experimental examination of an elastomeric polymer
PublicationA new method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with a specially prepared elastomeric polymer mass has been recently proposed. This new and innovative technique, known as the Flexible Joint Method (FJM), is mainly dedicated to masonries and historical objects, where minimum intervention is permitted. The flexible joint bonds the disrupted elements and ensures further safe exploitation of a damaged structure....
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Recycling of Polyurethanes
PublicationPolyurethane waste can be recycled by mechanical methods (i.e., grinding and applying as a filler or pressing with a bonding agent) and chemical methods (mainly by e.g., glycolysis, hydrolysis, or aminolysis). There is also possibility to the recover energy from polyurethanes waste (by incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis).
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Characteristic of elastomers from the rubber mixtures (NR) containing devulcanizate compounds
PublicationW pracy omówiono wyniki badań elastomerów otrzymanych w procesie wulkanizacji mieszanek kauczukowych napełnionych kredą i dodatkowo zawierających różne udziały dewulkanizatu. Dewulkanizaty natomiast otrzymano z pyłu gumowego metodą termomechaniczną. Otrzymane elastomery poddano badaniom w warunkach statycznych i przeprowadzono je na maszynie wytrzymałościowej. Określono wpływ czasu wulkanizacji, ilości napełniacza mineralnego oraz...
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Shape-Memory Polyurethane Polymers
PublicationPolyurethanes (PUs) are one of the most widely used polymers in research and industry. They can be synthesized from chemical sources and natural sources. PUs are a very useful class of polymers and exhibit many desirable properties that can be exploited in various applications. PUs are formed by the reaction between polyols and isocyanates. A wide variety of polyols and isocyanates are available for synthesis, and hence we can...
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Characteristics of the conductivity of polyurethane nanocomposite
PublicationW opracowaniu tym przedstawiono właściwości mechaniczne oraz przewodnictwo jonowe otrzymanych nanokompozytów poliuretanowych. KOmpozyty te były otrzymane przy wykorzystaniu wytłaczarki dwuślimakowej. POddano je badaniom wytrzymałościowym, spektroskopii impedancyjnej, spektroskopii w podczerwieni oraz badaniom dynamiczno - mechanicznym (DMA)
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Synthesis and Selected Properties of Ester Elastomer Containing Sorbitol
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A nanostructured carbon-reinforced polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomer
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Właściwości elastomerów estrouretanowych napełnionych skrobią
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu skrobi na właściwości mechaniczne oraz chemiczne elastomerów estrouretanowych. Syntezy poliuretanów wykonano dwuetapowo poprzez wprowadzenie do prepolimeru skrobi (I etap) w postaci stałej. Następnie prepolimery przedłużano roztworem katalizatora DABCO w glikolu butylenowym (II etap). Uzyskane materiały usieciowano.Twardość i elastyczność przy odbiciu zmieniała się nieznacznie. Wytrzymałość na...
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Non-isocyanate Polyurethanes
PublicationThe main aim of this chapter is to present a general overview of the NIPU synthesis method (i.e., polycondensation and polyaddition), and to describe structure and properties of selected intermediates and final polymeric products. The focus is on five-membered ring cyclic carbonate intermediates, which were obtained by cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to selected glycidyl ethers and thiol-ene coupling of unsaturated cyclic carbonates...
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Isocyanate-Free Polyurethanes
PublicationIsocyanate-free polyurethanes (also called non-isocyanate polyurethanes, or NIPUs) are alternatives to the conventional (commercially used) polyurethanes synthesized using di- or polyisocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders with low molecular weight. The major routes of NIPUs’ synthesis involve polyaddition of cyclic carbonates and di- or polyamines, polycondensation of carbamates, and diols. The most important intermediates are...
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Fabrication of polyurethane and polyurethane based composite fibres by the electrospinning technique for soft tissue engineering of cardiovascular system
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Shape memory thin films of Polyurethane: Does graphene content affect the recovery behavior of Polyurethane nanocomposites?
PublicationThin nanocomposite films of polyurethane have received remarkable attention due to their shape memory properties. As most of the reports focus on the beneficial aspects of the presence of nanofillers such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) introduced into shape memory polymers, some research results reveal the opposite trend. The polyether/polyester-based polyurethane was synthesized through a condensation polymerization and the...
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Fabrication of polyurethane and polyurethane based composite fibers by the electrospinning technique for soft tissue engineering of cardiovascular system
PublicationElectrospinning is the unique technique, which provides forming of polymeric scaffolds for soft tissue engineering, which include tissue scaffolds for soft tissues of cardiovascular system. Such artificial soft tissues of cardiovascular system may possess mechanical properties comparable to native vascular tissues. Electrospinning technique gives the opportu nity to form fibres with nm- to μm-scale in diameter. The arrangement...
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Effect of Variation of Hard Segment Content and Graphene-Based Nanofiller Concentration on Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites
PublicationThis study describes the development of a new class of high-performance polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). Two types of polyurethane elastomers with different contents of hard segments (HS) were used as a polymer matrix. The developed nanocomposites were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC, TG), dynamic mechanical testing (DMA), hardness testing, mechanical...
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Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability
PublicationPolyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications,...
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The structure and conductivity of solid polyurethane electrolyte
PublicationPrzedstawiono badania właściwości i struktury stałych elektrolitów poliuretanowych. Otrzymano je z prepolimeru zsyntezowanego z MDI oraz PTMG. Jako przedłużacz łańcucha wykorzystano butanodiol. W celu poprawy przewodnictwa domieszkowano poliuretan solami LiClO4 lub LiCl, które wprowadzono za pomocą wytłaczarki dwuślimakowej. Otrzymane elektrolity poddano badaniom: wytrzymałościowym, twardości, spektroskopii FTIR oraz przewodnictwa...