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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: liquid fuel tank
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Design Equation for Stirring Fluid by a Stream Pump in a Circulating Tank
PublikacjaA circulating tank is a very useful theoretical scheme for many fluid-flow objects in several branches of engineering. The motion of the fluid in such objects can be induced in different ways. A stream pump provides an especially interesting possibility; however, the quantitative description of such devices shows some shortcomings. Such a device is analogous to a jet pump, thus has similar advantages (simplicity of construction,...
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Impedance monitoring of fuel cell stacks
PublikacjaThis paper presents an innovative, electrochemical impedance method for monitoring of electrochemical behaviour of a multi-cell, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) device. This method not only provides classical voltage changes at successive cells but also allows their detailed impedance behaviour to be presented. Impedance characteristics of individual cells within a fuel cell stack (depending on actual operating conditions) are...
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Full-scale CFD simulations for the determination of ship resistance as a rational, alternative method to towing tank experiments
PublikacjaResults of ship resistance predictions obtained from towing tank experiments are affected by the method used to extrapolate from a model scale to a ship scale. Selection of method to determine a form factor is subjective and the extrapolation method is accurate for typical hull forms. For innovative hull forms the proper method for calculating the form factor is questionable. Moreover, the influence of the extrapolation method...
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Response of cylindrical steel tank under stochastically generated non-uniform earthquake excitation
PublikacjaCylindrical steel tanks are very important structures in industrial facilities since their application is related to storing different types of products. Their safety and reliability have become a crucial issue because any damage may cause significant consequences, including ecological disaster. The most dangerous dynamic load acting on cylindrical steel tanks is related to earthquakes, especially that the seismic excitation may...
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Degradation of xylose using a microbial fuel cell
PublikacjaIt is generally known, that many kind of microorganisms are capable of using carbohydrates as a source of carbon and energy in an environment. The biodegradation process of monosaccharides from pentoses (in this case- racemic mixture of D - and L – xylose) is an immense opportunity for an entire reduction of biological contamination to neutral compounds through MFC. The process is occurred in a single-chamber MFC, which is contained...
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Investigation of the Efficiency of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber with a Plasma‒Chemical Element
PublikacjaThe study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber...
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Dimethyl ether (DME) as potential environmental friendly fuel
PublikacjaIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in replacing petroleum fuels with so-called second generation environmental friendly fuels. Compared to traditional petroleum fuels dimethyl ether (DME) could be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) as well as combustion noise. Compared to some of the other leading...
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Combination of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction and analysis of ochratoxin A in dried fruit samples: Central composite design optimization
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new analytical procedure based on combination of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HLLE) and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-DLLME) for the accurate and reliable determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in dried fruit samples. To enable selective extraction of the OTA, six hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (hDESs) were prepared and tested as extraction solvents. Optimization of...
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Pressure and temperature effect on hypergolic ignition delay of triglyme-based fuel with hydrogen peroxide
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USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTING SHIP FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublikacjaIn marine vessel operations, fuel costs are major operating costs which affect the overall profitability of the maritime transport industry. The effective enhancement of using ship fuel will increase ship operation efficiency. Since ship fuel consumption depends on different factors, such as weather, cruising condition, cargo load, and engine condition, it is difficult to assess the fuel consumption pattern for various types...
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APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF SEMI-MARKOV PROCESSES TO DETERMINE A LIMITING DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROCESS OF CHANGES OF ABILITY AND INABILITY STATES OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN HEAVY FUEL DIESEL ENGINES
PublikacjaThe paper presents applicability of the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine a limiting distribution of the process of changes of technical states of fuel systems for marine engines running on heavy fuel oils. The proposed study of this process includes the components of such fuel systems like: 1 - injectors, 2 - high pressure hoses, 3 - injection pumps, 4 - low pressure hoses, 5 – fine filters, 6 - coarse filters, 7 – fuel-feed...
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Application of the ISE Optimized Proportional Control of the Wave Maker in a Towing Tank
PublikacjaThis paper presents the improvement of the wave maker control system. The wave maker is a facility widely used in hydromechanics laboratories to generate waves in towing tanks. It is equipped with an electrohydraulic drive and an actuator submerged into water. The waves are generated to model the environmental conditions for physical experiments, performed on reduced-scale models of maritime objects. The physical experiments allow...
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Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells as novel electrochemical devices
PublikacjaProton ceramic conductors are novel materials which are interesting from the application point of view. For example, Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFCs) is a type of a solid oxide fuel cell, which uses proton ceramic conductors as an electrolyte. Scientists are looking for the most efficient materials for these devices. In recent years main focus has been put on the search for new proton and mixed proton-electron conductors which...
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Stesses in tank shell with shape deformation
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów naprężeń w płaszczy stalowego, rzeczywistego zbiornika. Pomiary przeprowadzono przy pomocy tensometrii elektrooporowej. Obiektem badań był stalowy zbiornik pionowy z dachem pływającym o pojemności nominalnej 12.000 m3. Defermacje płaszcza stalowego badanego obiektu wynoszą od -170 do +150 mm.
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Damage repair of the double shell tank
PublikacjaPłaszcz wewnętrzny stalowego zbiornika dwupłaszczowego o pojemności 10000 m3 został zdeformowany w wyniku błędu popełnionego podczas próby wodnej przy odbiorze zbiornika. W referacie omówiono technologię naprawy silnie zdeformowanego płaszcza zbiornika. Stosowano roztłaczanie hydrauliczne, prostowanie mechaniczne i termiczne oraz wymianę najbardziej uszkodzonych blach.
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Ceramic composites for single-layer fuel cells
PublikacjaComposite materials consisting of acceptor doped lanthanum orthoniobate electrolyte phase (La0.98Ca0.02NbO4) and Li2O:NiO:ZnO semiconducting phase were synthesized. The precursor powder of La0.98Ca0.02NbO4 was prepared in nanocrystalline (mechanosynthesis) and microcrystalline (solid-state synthesis) form. The composite can be applied in a single-layer fuel cell, because of the presence of two phases acting as an anode and a cathode...
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Dynamic characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module
PublikacjaThe paper describes a fuel cell based system and its performance. The system is based on two fuel cell units, DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter, microprocessor control unit, load unit, bottled hydrogen supply system and a set of measurement instruments. In the study presented in the paper a dynamic response of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system to unit step change load as well as to periodical load changing cycles...
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Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector
PublikacjaOne of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering....
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Rheology of liquid crystalline polymers
PublikacjaLiquid crystallinity was invented in the 19th century. It was sometimes called the fourth state of matter because of the ability of macromolecules to generate liquid crystal phases. The main classification divided liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) into lyotropic and thermotropic types. Interpretation of the rheological behavior of LCP is more complicated than for other polymers. Ordinary polymers are characterized by a normal...
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STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublikacjaA contemporary road vehicle (RV) is a rather complex system, consisting of a large number of subsystems, assemblies, units, and elements (parts). While operating, an RV interacts with the environment, and its elements interact with each other. Consequently, the properties (parameters) of these elements change in the process - hardness, roughness, size, relative position, gapping, etc. A partial solution to the presented problems...
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Analysis of the vibrational spectra of chiral liquid crystalline thioesters
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ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines
PublikacjaThe dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system...
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Ni infiltrated perovskite anode
PublikacjaNiobium-doped strontium titanate was used as the anode for a solid oxide fuel cell. Electrolyte-supported cells were prepared with pure perovskite and composite perovskite–yttria–stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) anodes. Fuel cell tests demonstrated significant improvement in power density after infiltration with a small amount of Ni. The obtained values of power densities are comparable with conventional Ni/YSZ cermet anode. In addition,...
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Liquid residence time in vortex separators
PublikacjaCentrifugal force enhances gravitational separation of suspension (vortex separators), as well as allows regulation of liquid discharge (vortex flow controls). Furthermore, it elongates the effective residence time of liquid inside the chamber in comparison to non-circulative flow. Laboratorz measurements, described in the paper, indicate that average liquid residence time for circulative flow exceeds 50% of plug-flow time,...
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A grey box model of glucose fermentation and syntrophic oxidation in microbial fuel cells
PublikacjaIn this work, the fermentative and oxidative processes taking place in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) fed with glucose were studied and modeled. The model accounting for the bioelectrochemical processes was based on ordinary, Monod-type differential equations. The model parameters were estimated using experimental results obtained from three H-type MFCs operated at open or closed circuits and fed with glucose or ethanol. The experimental...
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Liquid–phase microextraction: A review of reviews
PublikacjaSample preparation is an important step in chemical analysis. It is generally done to deal with problems associated with the nature of the matrix, low analyte concentrations in real samples or analyte features incompatible with the instrumentation. Classical methods of extraction consume large volumes of hazardous solvents and other reagents and are not in line with the recent emergence of green analytical chemistry. Liquid-phase...
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THE ROLE OF THIN FUNCTIONAL LAYERS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
PublikacjaWidespread commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells requires lowering its cost. It is generally accepted that to lower the cost of solid oxide fuel cells it is necessary to use metal alloys as interconnectors and, consequently, lower its operating temperature to slow down interconnectors degradation. As a result the area specific resistance of the cathodes should be lowered to sustain the performance of the cells. In order to...
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Diethyl carbonate as a green extraction solvent for chlorophenol determination with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
PublikacjaThe principles of green analytical chemistry indicate that the search for greener organic solvents for extraction applications is crucial. In this study diethyl carbonate (DEC) is proved to be a green solvent, as it is relatively nontoxic, obtainable from renewable resources and biodegradable. Here it is applied as an extraction solvent for chlorophenol determination in water samples with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction....
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Performance and Stability in H2S of SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3-δ as Electrode in Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells
PublikacjaThe H2S-tolerance of SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3-δ (SFM) electrodes has been investigated in symmetric proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFC) with BaZr0.8Ce0.1Y0.1O3-δ (BZCY81) electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte under wet reducing conditions was found to be insignificantly affected in the presence of up to 5000 ppm H2S. The fuel cell exhibited an OCV of about 0.9 V at 700 °C, which dropped to about 0.6 V and 0.4 V upon exposure...
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A new model of fuel spray shape at early stage of injection in a marine Diesel engine
PublikacjaIn the cylinders of a marine diesel engine, self-ignition occurs in very shortly time after the fuel injection into the combustion chamber. Therefore, the paper present was to develop a model of diesel fuel spray for the early stage of fuel spray for in marine diesel engine. There were taken into consideration the main aspects technical such as nozzle diameter of marine engine injector and backpressure in combustion chamber. In...
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Chapter 4. Electricity generation from glucose microbial fuel cell
PublikacjaThe microbial fuel cell was constructed to generate electricity with simultaneous digestion of a glucose fuel by a bacterial biofilm. The decomposition of glucose resulted in releasing of electrons to an anode and to production of some by-products, e.g. metane or organic acids. It was found that maximum electric power density strongly depended on the proton transport through the proton exchange membrane seperating the anolyte and...
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Heavy duty vehicle fuel consumption modelling using artificial neural networks
PublikacjaIn this paper an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to modelling fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles is presented. The proposed method uses easy accessible data collected via CAN bus of the truck. As a benchmark a conventional method, which is based on polynomial regression model, is used. The fuel consumption is measured in two different tests, performed by using a unique test bench to apply the load to the engine. Firstly,...
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Analysis of the possibilities of using of DME fuel in motor boat drive systems
PublikacjaThe characteristics of alternative fuel for diesel: dimethyl ether (DME) and an analysis of the potential to reduce emissions of toxic compounds by the engines when running on this fuel have been presented in this work. Basic types of design solutions of gas supply and control systems, possible for use in internal combustion engines with DME supply have been also presented. The paper presents a study of the legislation and an analysis...
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Investigation of catalytic layers on anode for solid oxide fuel cells operating with synthetic biogas
PublikacjaIn this paper solid oxide fuel cells operating with dry synthetic biogas have been examined. In order to increase their stability the layers of CuO-CeO2, Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 and Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.8Fe0.2O3 -δ have been deposited on the Ni-YSZ anode site. These layers should catalyze the internal biogas reforming and prevent the carbon deposition on the anode site. It has been found that CuO-CeO2 and Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 catalysts led to an increase...
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Risks caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
PublikacjaMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses serious problems for the petrochemical and refinery industries. Particularly favourable conditions for MIC arise in storage tanks and transmission pipelines for mixtures of diesel oil with the addition of a biocomponent (in Poland 7%). The best conditions for the development of MIC occur at the fuel-water interface, where microorganisms are provided with a source of food and water,...
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Theoretical analysis of heat transfer between a liquid layer formed by an impinginf gas liquid jet AND a solid surface
PublikacjaHeat transfer phenomenon between a horizontal solid surface and a liquid layer created on a surface by an axisymmetrical liquid gas impinging jet has been analysed. The analytical treatment of the phenomenon is devoted to the area whose diameter is lower than the diameter of the hydraulic jump. W pracy przedstawiono teoretyczną analizę wymiany ciepła pomiędzy warstwą cieczy a stałą powierzchnią po której przepływa.
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Application of chemometric modeling for ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: Analysis of fosetyl-aluminum in fruit and vegetable samples
PublikacjaThis manuscript presents a new method for selective extraction and determination of fosetyl-aluminum in fruits and vegetable samples based on ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using ionic liquids (IL-UA-DLLME). A UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used for detection and quantification. Plants used for sample collection were grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Central composite design...
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublikacjaForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...
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An application of simulation model of fuel consumption in diagnostic system of wheeled tractors
PublikacjaAn application of computer controlled fuel injection systems in vehicle engines and growing demands concerning toxic substances emission and fuel consumption was a main reason for OBD (On Board Diagnosis) development. In spite of a great technological development, only some tractors are equipped in diagnostic systems. On board diagnostic is strongly connected with emission demands and does not concern other important vehicle functions. In...
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Application of dispersive liquid - liquid microextraction for determination of pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples
PublikacjaPesticides are a global risk because they move with the wind, rain and sea currents from other regions, which makes getting to places which were never used before. Their presence was detected in all types of water circulating in the ecosystem, which is an easy source of exposure to life and health of all living organisms. Currently, it is considered one of the most dangerous and toxic pollutants, which fate and function is still...
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Methods of liquid biofuels production - the bioethanol example.
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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METHODS OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – THE BIOETHANOL EXAMPLE
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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Structure and thermal expansion of liquid bismuth
PublikacjaExperimental structural data for liquid Bi were used for estimation of the main structure parameters as well as the thermal expansion coefficient both in supercooled and superheated temperature ranges. It was shown that the equilibrium melt had a positive thermal expansion coefficient within a temperature range upon melting and a negative one at higher temperatures. The former was related to structure changes upon melting, whereas...
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Applying artificial neural networks for modelling ship speed and fuel consumption
PublikacjaThis paper deals with modelling ship speed and fuel consumption using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. These tools allowed us to develop ANN models that can be used for predicting both the fuel consumption and the travel time to the destination for commanded outputs (the ship driveline shaft speed and the propeller pitch) selected by the ship operator. In these cases, due to variable environmental conditions, making...
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Transport properties of microemulsions with ionic liquid apolar domains as a function of ionic liquid content
PublikacjaThe specific conductivity, dynamic viscosity and apparent diffusion coefficient of each of four aqueous ionic liquid microemulsions (IL-MEs) were measured as a function of ionic liquid (IL) content. The investigated systems were composed of water, hydrophobic ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 or its mixture with cosurfactant (butanol)....
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CeCu2O4 as a functional layer on solid oxide fuel cells for synthetic biogas reforming
PublikacjaSolid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are one of the most promising electrochemical devices, which can convert chemical energy to the electrical energy these days. Their ability to work with different kind of fuel makes them noteworthy. SOFC can work with biogas. The problem arises when solid carbon starts to be deposited in anode. That leads to degradation of fuel cell. Simple solution is to apply catalytic functional layer, which is...
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Marine Fuel Sulphur Limit Impact on Air Pollution
PublikacjaThe article presents calculation of Sulphur oxides percentage drop rate in marine industry recorded after 01.01.2020 when new limits, provided by International Maritime Organizations legislation, became effective. Ships’ SOx global emission was estimated and compared between 4th quarter 2019 and 1st quarter 2020. For more accurate estimation 3 seaside cities with big harbors were selected for statistical analysis. Noticeable...
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DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines – a review
PublikacjaThe ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean highefficiency compression ignition...
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Performance of a single layer fuel cell based on a mixed proton-electron conducting composite
PublikacjaMany of the challenges in solid oxide fuel cell technology stem from chemical and mechanical incompatibilities between the anode, cathode and electrolyte materials. Numerous attempts have been made to identify compatible materials. Here, these challenges are circumvented by the introduction of a working single layer fuel cell, fabricated from a composite of proton conducting BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3-δ and a mixture of semiconducting...
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Implementation of multicriteria decision analysis in design of experiment for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction optimization for chlorophenols determination
PublikacjaA novel and efficient approach to optimization of extraction step prior the chromatographic determination of nine chlorinated phenols is described. It is based on the combination of design of experiments and multicriteria decision analysis. Such an approach is used to optimize dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for the determination of 9 chlorophenols in water samples. Three parameters are optimized – sample volume,...