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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: speed of sound in seawater
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Critical Review on Robust Speed Control Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Speed Regulation
PublikacjaThe permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a highly efficient energy saving machine. Due to its simple structural characteristics, good heat radiation capability, and high efficiency, PMSMs are gradually replacing AC induction motors in many industrial applications. The PMSM has a nonlinear system and lies on parameters that differ over time with complex high-class dynamics. To achieve the excessive performance operation...
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Speed observer of induction machine based on backstepping and sliding mode for low‐speed operation
PublikacjaThis paper presents a speed observer design based on backstepping and slidingmode approaches. The inputs to the observer are the stator current and thevoltage vector components. This observer structure is extended to the integra-tors. The observer stabilizing functions contain the appropriate sliding surfaceswhich result from the Lyapunov function. The rotor angular speed is obtainedfrom the non‐adaptive formula with a sliding...
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The Impact of Weather on Traffic Speed in Urban Area
PublikacjaThe issue of the impact of weather conditions on trip speed of vehicles has been studied for a long time and it is still the subject of many scientific researches. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the speed with which drivers drive their vehicles seems to be obvious. Good weather conditions, sunny weather with good visibility surely provokes higher speed while rainfall, wind...
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Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra of cathodically protected steel in artificial seawater
PublikacjaUsability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data for better cathodic protection control was investigated. Carbon steel – S235JR2 grade specimen were exposed in artificial seawater environment. Samples were polarized and their potentials corresponded to four different cathodic protection degrees. Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra was investigated. Goodness of fit function (X2) was analysed in terms of proper...
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Automatic sound source localization in disturbing conditions using acoustic vector sensors
PublikacjaA concept, practical realization and applications of a passive acoustic radar to automatic localization and tracking of sound sources in disturbing conditions were presented in the paper. The device consists of the new kind of multichannel miniature sound intensity sensors and a group of digital signal processing algorithms. The sensitivity of the realized acoustic radar was examined in free sound field. Several kinds of sound...
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Application of passive acoustic radar to automatic localization, tracking and classification of sound sources
PublikacjaA concept, practical realization and applications of the passive acoustic radar to automatic localization, tracking and classification of sound sources were presented in the paper. The device consists of a new kind of multichannel miniature sound intensity sensors and a group of digital signal processing algorithms. Contrary to active radars, it does not emit the scanning beam but after receiving surrounding sounds it provides...
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Nonlinear Influence of Sound on the Vibrational Energy of Molecules in a Relaxing Gas
PublikacjaDynamics of a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. Variations in the vibrational energy in the field of intense sound is considered. These variations are caused by a nonlinear transfer of the acoustic energy into energy of vibrational degrees of freedom in a relaxing gas. The final dynamic equation which describes this is instantaneous, it includes a...
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Sound Art and Architecture: New Horizons for Architecture and Urbanism
PublikacjaThe article discusses the crossroad between art and architecture. It sketches out the theoretical and practical aspects of involving art into architecture and multisensory dimensions of space. The analysis is based on examples of innovative experimental activities for architecture: educational projects such as workshops, seminars and courses, combining art and architecture, with special emphasis on sound art, and the consequences...
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Failure analysis of a high-speed induction machine driven by a SiC-inverter and operating on a common shaft with a high-speed generator
PublikacjaDue to ongoing research work, a prototype test rig for testing high-speed motors/generators has been developed. Its design is quite unique as the two high- speed machines share a single shaft with no support bearings between them. A very high maximum operating speed, up to 80,000 rpm, was required. Because of the need to minimise vibration during operation at very high rotational speeds, rolling bearings were used. To eliminate...
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Acceleration of decision making in sound event recognition employing supercomputing cluster
PublikacjaParallel processing of audio data streams is introduced to shorten the decision making time in hazardous sound event recognition. A supercomputing cluster environment with a framework dedicated to processing multimedia data streams in real time is used. The sound event recognition algorithms employed are based on detecting foreground events, calculating their features in short time frames, and classifying the events with Support...
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EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHYSICAL SPEED MANAGEMENT MEASURES
PublikacjaThe subject of the Authors' analyses is a group of non-physical speed management measures. How effective they are depends primarily on how willing drivers are to accept restrictions. Social and cultural factors play a major role. The effectiveness of these measures is not clear and requires further research. The authors conducted such research and evaluated the effects of nonphysical speed management measures on driver behaviour...
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RADIATION OF HIGH INTENSITY SOUND BY CIRCULAR DISC BY MEANS OF THE NUMERICAL METHOD
PublikacjaThe main goal of this paper is to find sound pressure distribution radiated by the circular piezoelectric disc that vibrates with the finite amplitude. There has been presented the pressure distribution close to the radiating surface. Also it is shown the sound pressure distribution in the 3D form. The mathematic modeling was carried out on the base of the nonlinear acoustic equation with the proper boundary condition. The axial...
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Method of Monitoring of the Grinding Process with Lapping Kinematics Using Audible Sound Analysis
PublikacjaUtilising microphones as audible sound sensors for monitoring a single-side grinding process with lapping kinematics is presented in the paper. The audible sound generated during grinding depended on the cutting properties of electroplated tools with D107 diamond grains and different thicknesses of the nickel bond. The tool wear affected the obtained technological effects such as material removal rate and the surface roughness...
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Vertical vibration reduction and audible sound analysis in surface grinding with electroplated tools
PublikacjaOne of the first approaches to the development of a grinding process monitoring system based on audible sound sensors is presented in the paper. Electroplated diamond tools (abrasive D64 and D107) were used in a modified single-disc lapping machine configuration for flat grinding of ceramics (Al2O3). The main aim of the machine modification was to reduce the vertical vibration in order to decrease the tool wear and to increase...
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Comparison of two methods of sound extraction from guitar string video recordings
PublikacjaA comparison of two sound extraction methods from guitar string video recordings is presented in the paper. A brief overview of highframe rate camera technology and possible applications are included. The method using the image analysis from two such cameras is presented. The cameras are placed at the angle of 90 degrees for recording the image in three planes. The results achieved...
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Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
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Acoustic Streaming Induced by Periodic and Aperiodic Sound in a Bubbly Liquid
PublikacjaThe vortex ow which follows intense sound propagating in a bubbly liquid, is considered. The reasons for acoustic streaming are both nonlinearity and dispersion. That makes streaming especial as compared with that in a Newtonian uid. Conclusions concern the vortex ow induced in a half-space by initially harmonic or impulse Gaussian beam. The vortex ow recalls a turbulent ow with increasing in time number of small-scale vortices...
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Speed dependency of temperature effects on road traffic noise
PublikacjaRecently, a new literature review on the influence of temperature on tire/road noise became available, based on a compilation of large amounts of data from empirical research. This review showed that the effect of temperature is roughly double of that previously assumed and taken account of in international standards. This makes temperature one of the main sources of error in measurement results. Furthermore, it suggested that...
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A Comparison of STI Measured by Direct and Indirect Methods for Interiors Coupled with Sound Reinforcement Systems
PublikacjaThis paper presents a comparison of STI (Speech Transmission Index) coefficient measurement results carried out by direct and indirect methods. First, acoustic parameters important in the context of public address and sound reinforcement systems are recalled. A measurement methodology is presented that employs various test signals to determine impulse responses. The process of evaluating sound system performance, signals enabling...
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Automatic localization and continous tracking of mobile sound source using passive acoustic radar
PublikacjaA concept, practical realization and applications of the passive acoustic radar for localization and continuous tracking of fixed and mobile sound sources such as: cars, trucks, aircrafts and sources of shooting, explosions were presented in the paper. The device consists of the new kind of multi-channel miniature three dimensional sound intensity sensors invented by the Microflown company and a group of digital signal processing...
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Multiple sound sources localization in free field using acoustic vector sensor
PublikacjaMethod and preliminary results of multiple sound sources localization in free field using the acoustic vector sensor were presented in this study. Direction of arrival (DOA) for considered source was determined based on sound intensity method supported by Fourier analysis. Obtained spectrum components for considered signal allowed to determine the DOA value for the particular frequency independently. The accuracy of the developed...
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Multiple sound sources localization in real time using acoustic vector sensor
PublikacjaMethod and preliminary results of multiple sound sources localization in real time using the acoustic vector sensor were presented in this study. Direction of arrival (DOA) for considered source was determined based on sound intensity method supported by Fourier analysis. Obtained spectrum components for considered signal allowed to determine the DOA value for the particular frequency independently. The accuracy of the developed...
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Sacral sound-engineering
PublikacjaOrganologic and campanologic acoustical problems due to applications to sacral objects are characterized on ground of numerous reviewed publications and engineering reports. Participations of several involved research centres, mostly Polish, at solving these problems are evaluated. Some desirable future developments are indicated. Appendices bring examples of documentation on selected investigated objects.
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3D Sound Intensity Measurement Around Organ Pipes Using Acoustic Vector Sensors
PublikacjaThe aim of the presented paper was to obtain and visualize sound intensity distribution of radiated acoustic energy around the organ pipes. The experimental setup consisted of the multichannel acoustic vector sensor and the specialized Cartesian robot. Measurements were performed in free field with spatial resolution of 0.1 [m]. Two organ pipes, i.e. wooden and metal were measured during the ex-periment. The organ pipes were activated...
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Investigation of the laser generated ablation plasma plume dynamics and plasma plume sound wave dynamics
PublikacjaWe investigated the dynamics of laser generated ablation plasma plume expanding in ambient air and dynamics of the sound wave generated by the expanding plasma. The ablation plasma plume was generated during nanosecond laser micromachining of the thin metal foil. The time-resolved images of the expanding plasma plume and sound wave were captured at several nanosecond intervals. Using captured images the expansion rate of the plasma...
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Control of mass concentration of reagents by sound in a gas with nonequilibrium chemical reactions
PublikacjaThe weakly nonlinear dynamics of a chemically reacting gas is studied. Nonlinear interaction of acoustic and nonacoustic types of motion are considered. We decompose the base equations using the relationships of the gas-dynamic perturbations specific for every type of motion. The governing equation for the mass fraction of a reagent influenced by dominating sound is derived and discussed. The conclusions concern the equilibrium...
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Measurements and Visualization of Sound Intensity Around the Human Head in Free Field Using Acoustic Vector Sensor
PublikacjaThis paper presents measurements and visualization of sound intensity around the human head simulator in a free field. A Cartesian robot, applied for precise positioning of the acoustic vector sensor, was used to measure sound intensity. Measurements were performed in a free field using a head and torso simulator and the setup consisting of four different loudspeaker configurations. The acoustic vector sensor was positioned around...
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Electric shock hazard in circuits with variable-speed drives
PublikacjaThe conventional approach to electrical safety under fault condition in typical power systems considers earth fault currents of sinusoidal waveform and frequency of 50/60 Hz. However, in circuits with variable-speed drives, there is earth fault current flow with harmonics, and these harmonics influence the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. The paper presents earth fault current waveforms in circuits with variable-speed drives...
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Control design for slow speed positioning
PublikacjaThe problem under study is a synthesis of position and heading control system for low frequency model of surface vessel described by 3 DOF mathematical model. The recursive vectorial backstepping control design was used to keep fixed position and heading in presence of wave disturbances. The controller has been simulated on computer model of scaled supply vessel. It has been assumed that the actuators produce generalized forces...
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Online sound restoration system for digital library applications
PublikacjaAudio signal processing algorithms were introduced to the new online non-commercial service for audio restoration intended to enhance the content of digitized audio repositories. Missing or distorted audio samples are predicted using neural networks and a specific implementation of the Jannsen interpolation method based on the autoregressive model (AR) combined with the iterative restoring of missing signal samples. Since the distortion...
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Nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes by low-frequency sound in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaTwo dynamic equations referring to a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas in which molecular vibrational relaxation takes place. are derived. The first one governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode, and the second one describes variations in vibrational energy. Both quantities refer to non-wave types of gas motion. These variations are caused by the nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy into...
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Speed management on local government managed roads – research, recommendations and guidelines
PublikacjaCommissioned by the National Road Safety Council Secretariat, the project “Guidelines for speed management on local government managed roads” studied car driver be haviour when subjected to selected speed management measures such a local speed restrictions, surveillance, traffic calming and restricted speed areas. In addition, analyses were conducted on the impact of selected me asures...
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Biodegradable Polymer Packaging Materials in Seawater Environment
PublikacjaIn this chapter, our interest is directed into dea/ocean/lakes biodegradable environment for polymer packaging materials from two different points of view.
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Online sound restoration system for digital library applications.
PublikacjaAudio signal processing algorithms were introduced to the new online non-commercial service for audio restoration intended to enhance the content of digitized audio repositories. Missing or distorted audio samples are predicted using neural networks and a specific implementation of the Jannsen interpolation method based on the autoregressive model (AR) combined with the iterative restoring of missing signal samples. Since the distortion...
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Examining Classifiers Applied to Static Hand Gesture Recognition in Novel Sound Mixing System
PublikacjaThe main objective of the chapter is to present the methodology and results of examining various classifiers (Nearest Neighbor-like algorithm with non-nested generalization (NNge), Naive Bayes, C4.5 (J48), Random Tree, Random Forests, Artificial Neural Networks (Multilayer Perceptron), Support Vector Machine (SVM) used for static gesture recognition. A problem of effective gesture recognition is outlined in the context of the system...
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EVALUATION OF SOUND QUALITY FEATURES ON ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE EFFECTS – A CASE STUDY APPLIED TO ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE
PublikacjaThe paper shows a study on the relationship between noise measures and sound quality (SQ) features that are related to annoyance caused by the traffic noise. First, a methodology to perform analyses related to the traffic noise annoyance is described including references to parameters of the assessment of road noise sources. Next, the measurement setup, location and results are presented along with the derived sound quality features....
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Kinetic analysis of the stage for a high speed steam turbine
PublikacjaThis article analyzes possibilites of resonances within a control stage for a high speed steam turbine. This stage hase been based on assembling of a single blade to a rotating disk and increasing of rigidity of the system by using of a bandage. In the analysis will be nd a possiblity of resonance frequency, and mistuning by showing safety working ranges. The calculations have bean used the3D modal and harmonic analysis by the...
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Induction motor control application in high-speed train electric drive
PublikacjaThe chapter presents an application of induction motor mechanical speed and load torque observers in high-speed train drives. The observers are applied for a 1.2-MW electric drive with an induction motor. The goal of using such observers is to utilize computed variables for diagnostic purposes of speed sensors and torque transmission system. The concept of diagnostic system is presented in this paper, and proper criteria are proposed....
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Variable Speed AC Drives with Inverter Output Filters
PublikacjaThe advance of variable speed drives systems (VSDs) engineering highlights the need of specific technical guidance provision by electrical machines and drives manufacturers, so that such applications can be properly designed to present advantages in terms of both energy efficiency and expenditure. This book presents problems and solutions related to inverter-fed electrical motors. Practically orientated, the book describes the...
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The spindle speed control for high speed milling vibration surveillance
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zmodyfikowaną metodę nadzorowania drgań za pomocą sterowania optymalno-liniowego prędkością obrotową wrzeciona. Zamieszczono opis dynamiki skrawania, niestacjonarnego modelu obliczeniowego oraz metody nadzorowania drgań. Wykorzystano model modalny wirującego narzędzia, którego parametry wyznaczono zarówno metodami symulacji komputerowych, jak i - za pomocą eksperymentalnej analizy modalnej. Zamieszczono przykład...
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Non-Adaptive Speed and Position Observer of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
PublikacjaThe non-adaptive speed and position estimation of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented in this paper. The speed observer is based on the mathematical model of DFIG and to stabilize the structure the Lyapunov method is used. The classic stator field-oriented control to active and reactive power control is used in the sensorless control system. The performance of the proposed algorithm of a speed observer is validated...
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Speed sensorless induction motor drive with predictive current controller
PublikacjaToday, speed sensorless modes of operation are becoming standard solutions in the area of electric drives. This paper presents a speed sensorless control system of an induction motor with a predictive current controller. A closed-loop estimation system with robustness against motor parameter variation is used for the control approach. The proposed algorithm has been implemented using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and a...
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Recovering Sound Produced by Wind Turbine Structures Employing Video Motion Magnification
PublikacjaThe recordings were made with a fast video camera and with a microphone. Using fast cameras allowed for observation of the micro vibrations of the object structure. Motion-magnified video recordings of wind turbines on a wind farm were made for the purpose of building a damage prediction system. An idea was to use video to recover sound & vibrations in order to obtain a contactless diagnostic method for wind turbines. The recovered signals...
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Hydrogen degradation of high-strength weldable steels in seawater
PublikacjaOceniono podatność na niszczenie wodorowe stali spawalnych o wysokiej wytrzymałości przy obciążeniach monotonicznie rosnących. Badano dwa gatunki stali ulepszonych cieplnie i ich złącza spawane. Przeprowadzono próby rozciągania z małą prędkością odkształcania w wodzie morskiej przy polaryzacji katodowej. Wykonano próby przenikania wodoru metodą Devanathana-Stachurskiego.
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Nonadaptive estimation of the rotor speed in an adaptive full order observer of induction machine
PublikacjaThe article proposes a new method of reproducing the angular speed of the rotor of a cage induction machine designed for speed observers based on the adaptive method. In the proposed solution, the value of the angular speed of the rotor is not determined by the classical law of adaptation using the integrator only by an algebraic relationship. Theoretical considerations were confirmed by simulation and experimental tests.
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Speed sensorless asynchronous motor drive with inverter output lc filter
PublikacjaIn this paper a speed sensorless ac drive with inverter and output LC filter is proposed. A nonlinear, decoupled field oriented control algorithm with a flux and speed close-loop observer is used. In spite of using LC filter on the inverter output, the sensorless system works precisely. That result are obtained as a result of the appropriate estimation and control system use. The theory, simulation, and experimental results are...
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Sensorless low speed PMSM motor control with cogging torque compensation
PublikacjaThe paper presents sensorless control of a low speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with use of modified state observer. An overview of the PMSM motor used in the research setup was presented. The problem of drive torque ripple, resulting mainly from the occurrence of a significant cogging torque, was discussed. A solution compensating the torque ripple of the PMSM motor was proposed. A start-up procedure of the speed control...
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An Instantaneous Engine Speed Estimation Method Using Multiple Matching Synchrosqueezing Transform
PublikacjaInstantaneous rotational speed measurement of the engine is crucial in routine inspection and maintenance of an automobile engine. Since the contact measurement of rotational speed is not always available, the vibration measurement has been used for noncontact rotational speed estimation methods. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the noncontact estimation methods by analyzing engine vibration frequency is not satisfactory due to the...
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Evaluation of sound event detection, classification and localization in the presence of background noise for acoustic surveillance of hazardous situations
PublikacjaAn evaluation of the sound event detection, classification and localization of hazardous acoustic events in the presence of background noise of different types and changing intensities is presented. The methods for separating foreground events from the acoustic background are introduced. The classifier, based on a Support Vector Machine algorithm, is described. The set of features and samples used for the training of the classifier...
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A Universal Gains Selection Method for Speed Observers of Induction Machine
PublikacjaProperties of state observers depend on proper gains selection. Each method of state estimation may require the implementation of specific techniques of finding those gains. The aim of this study is to propose a universal method of automatic gains selection and perform its verification on an induction machine speed observer. The method utilizes a genetic algorithm with fitness function which is directly based on the impulse response...