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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: HEAVY FUEL OIL
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Studies of Exfoliated Graphite (EG) for Heavy Oil Sorption
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Heavy duty vehicle fuel consumption modelling using artificial neural networks
PublikacjaIn this paper an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to modelling fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles is presented. The proposed method uses easy accessible data collected via CAN bus of the truck. As a benchmark a conventional method, which is based on polynomial regression model, is used. The fuel consumption is measured in two different tests, performed by using a unique test bench to apply the load to the engine. Firstly,...
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Heavy Duty Vehicle Fuel Consumption Modelling Based on Exploitation Data by Using Artificial Neural Networks
PublikacjaOne of the ways to improve the fuel economy of heavy duty trucks is to operate the combustion engine in its most efficient operating points. To do that, a mathematical model of the engine is required, which shows the relations between engine speed, torque and fuel consumption in transient states. In this paper, easy accessible exploitation data collected via CAN bus of the heavy duty truck were used to obtain a model of a diesel...
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APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF SEMI-MARKOV PROCESSES TO DETERMINE A LIMITING DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROCESS OF CHANGES OF ABILITY AND INABILITY STATES OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN HEAVY FUEL DIESEL ENGINES
PublikacjaThe paper presents applicability of the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine a limiting distribution of the process of changes of technical states of fuel systems for marine engines running on heavy fuel oils. The proposed study of this process includes the components of such fuel systems like: 1 - injectors, 2 - high pressure hoses, 3 - injection pumps, 4 - low pressure hoses, 5 – fine filters, 6 - coarse filters, 7 – fuel-feed...
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The sensitivity of bacteria to heavy metals in presence of mineral ship motor oil in coastal marine sediments and waters.
PublikacjaThe sensitivity of bacteria, isolated from coastal marine sediments and waters of Sopot beach, Gdańsk Bay (Poland), to heavy metals in the presence of mineral ship motor oil were studied. All isolated heterotrophic bacteria were resistant to the 0.1 mM lead concentration occurring in the environment. Metal resistance of bacteria isolated from coastal water was strongly related to mineral ship motor oil concentration. At 0.1% mineral...
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On possible lowering fuel oil consumption by differentiating loads on ship diesel engines running in parrallel.
PublikacjaPodano możliwości zmniejszenia zużycia paliwa przez silniki okrętowe pracujące równolegle dzieki różnicowaniu ich obciążeń eksploatacyjnych. Zaprezentowano podstawy teoretyczne oraz sposób postępowania przy pomiarach zużycia paliwa w czasie rzeczywistym.
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublikacjaThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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Evaluation of Ecological Parameters of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled by Diesel Oil with an Eco Fuel Shot Liquid Catalyst
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A method for determination of fuel oil consumption saving by stepvise differetiating loads on ship diesel engines running in paralel.
Publikacjaprzedstawiono metodykę wyznaczania oszczędniości w zużyciu paliwa dla silników pracujących na wspólną sieć w wyniku różnicowania ich obciążeń oraz stosowania metody krokowych zmian obciążenia. znajomość charakterystyk zużycia paliwa poszczególnych silników oraz histogramu rozkładu obciążeńeksploatacyjnych pozwala po zastosowaniu proponowanej metody na wyznaczanie oszczędności w zuzyciu paliwa.
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Wnikanie wodoru z paliwa i oleju do stali stopowych 26h2mf i 34hnm oraz jego oddziaływanie z defektami struktury = The hydrogen entry from fuel and oil to the 26h2mf and 34hnm alloy steels, and its interaction with structure defects
PublikacjaWykonano badania skłonności do korozji naprężeniowej przy rozciąganiu próbek ze stałą małą prędkością 10-6s-1, przy obciążeniu cyklicznie zmiennym w środowisku gorącego paliwa kotłowego i gliceryny oraz badania absorpcji wodoru dla stali stopowych 26H2MF i 34HNM w paliwie kotłowym, przepracowanym oleju mineralnym oraz glicerynie jako środowisku referencyjnym. Wykazano największą wrażliwość stali przy obciążeniach zmiennych oraz...
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A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
PublikacjaThe ar ticle analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combu stion engines, with mar ine engines u sed a s an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine...
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Marine Fuel Sulphur Limit Impact on Air Pollution
PublikacjaThe article presents calculation of Sulphur oxides percentage drop rate in marine industry recorded after 01.01.2020 when new limits, provided by International Maritime Organizations legislation, became effective. Ships’ SOx global emission was estimated and compared between 4th quarter 2019 and 1st quarter 2020. For more accurate estimation 3 seaside cities with big harbors were selected for statistical analysis. Noticeable...
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Towards a modification of a regulatory framework aiming at bunker oil spill prevention from ships - A design aspect of bunker tanks vents location guided by CFD simulations
PublikacjaAlthough accidental bunker oil spills at seaway are relatively rare events, they can be pose real threat to the natural marine environment. One of the reasons for the bunker spill to occur is a design failure; one of the ways it can demonstrate is an improper location or height of vent heads, leading to a bunker oil discharge during heavy rolling, due to sloshing phenomenon. Design of a ship and her systems is guided by various...
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Pyrolysis Process of Whole Waste Tires as a Biomass Energy Recycling
PublikacjaThe article is devoted to the description of material recycling of whole waste tires, including a new method of pyrolysis process, resulting in the final products: technically oil fractions (rubber plasticizer of rubber compounds) or diesel fuels (light, medium and heavy), activated carbon, gas fuel and steel scrap. Operational and performance tests of the first version of the pilot plant, consisting of three contributions cooperating...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublikacjaDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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ANALYSIS OF DIESEL OIL SPECIFIC HEAT IMPACT FOR OPERATION OF THE SUPPLY PUMP
PublikacjaThe article describes a test rig that allows the measurement of fuel oil specific heat changes based on the cooling time of liquids. After that, by analysing the test results, a research hypothesis was created and verified. The hypothesis is that the specific heat energy of fuel oil impact the operation of the circulation pump.
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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF THE FUEL NOZZLE GEOMETRY ON THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF THE MARINE 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
PublikacjaThe article presents experimental research that has been carried out on a marine, 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged engine. During testing, the engine operated at a constant rotational speed of 750 rpm and a load from 0 kW to 280 kW. The engine was fuelled by diesel oil of known specification and loaded by electric generator with water resistance. The fuel consumption was measured during the engine operation with fuel nozzles...
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Thermal failure of a second rotor stage in heavy duty gas turbine
PublikacjaThe impulse mode of operation and the supply of various types of fuels causes frequent failures even in the heavy duty gas turbines. The paper presents the ravages of second rotor stage failure in a gas turbine. The excessive thermal elongation rise caused by fuel change was indicated as the main cause. We applied nonlinear numerical analysis, preceded by thermodynamic calculations of the turbine and visual inspection of the effects...
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Rapeseed oil methyl ester production in an individual household
PublikacjaFatty acid methyl esters, commonly known as biodiesel, are a cheap and environmental-friendly fuel substitute for diesel engines. Aside from industrial production, individual biodiesel manufacturing is also and important method of fulfilling the requirements of EU Parliament directive no. 2003/30/WE about supporting the use of renewable fuels in transport. Individual FAME production guarantees easy access to the main raw material...
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Risks caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
PublikacjaMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses serious problems for the petrochemical and refinery industries. Particularly favourable conditions for MIC arise in storage tanks and transmission pipelines for mixtures of diesel oil with the addition of a biocomponent (in Poland 7%). The best conditions for the development of MIC occur at the fuel-water interface, where microorganisms are provided with a source of food and water,...
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Impacts of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Various Amount of Dimethyl Ether Premixed Ratios on Combustion and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine
PublikacjaIn the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust...
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Experimental research on helical coil biomass boiler with oil as a heating fluid
PublikacjaThis paper presents an experimental research of helical coil biomass boiler with thermal oil heating agent. Heat exchanger consists of two coaxial helical coils swept by the flue gases. The burner is a single vertical retort connected to the fuel tank (wooden pellets). The boiler is a part of micro-power plant in which the heat from the boiler is exchanged with low-boiling HFE7100 to produce steam for a custom steam turbine. The...
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Elemental composition, environment of deposition of the Lower Carboniferous Emma Fiord Formation oil shale in Arctic Canada
PublikacjaThe sedimentary succession of 51-m consisting of a thin coal seam (1 m) and oil shale with a marlstone and carbonate-mudstone matrix of the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) Emma Fiord Formation located on the Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island, Arctic Canada was examined. The techniques used include reflected light microscopy, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for elemental concentration, and inductively coupled plasma...
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The concept of research on ecological, energy and reliability effects of modified marine fuel oils application to supply compression-ignition engines in real conditions
PublikacjaWithin the article, basic assumptions of the research project financed by Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Water in Gdansk were described. The project concerns the experimental investigations carried out on laboratory compression-ignition engine in conditions of its supply with a non-standard marine fuel oil. Configuration and measuring capability of laboratory test bed presently being constructed were introduced....
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DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines – a review
PublikacjaThe ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean highefficiency compression ignition...
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Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a miniature gas turbine supplied by blends of kerosene and waste tyre pyrolysis oil
PublikacjaFossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that could be depleted in the near future, giving rise to amajor energy crisis. Scientists from all over the world are working on new technologies to produce fuelnot only from renewable sources but also from waste. This article is concerned with: (i) waste tyremanagement by means of the pyrolysis process, (ii) investigation of physico-chemical parameters ofwaste tyre pyrolysis oil...
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Katalizatory wykorzystywane w syntezie biodiesla
PublikacjaRising prices of electricity, conventional fuels and heating require decisive steps in the further development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. These include geothermal-; hydrothermal-; aerothermal-; and solar energy. Due to the fact that the petrochemical industry is one of the fastest growing branches of the economy, we would like to expand on the topic related to biofuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar...
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Wpływ parametrów strugi paliwa wtryskiwanego do cylindra silnika okrętowego na początkową fazę rozpylania
PublikacjaPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest analiza procesu wtrysku oleju napędowego do cylindra silnika okrętowego z zapłonem samoczynnym i bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa. Analiza tego zagadnienia została przeprowadzona w aspekcie wpływu makro parametrów strugi na początkową fazę rozpylania oleju napędowego. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie wpływu współczynnika L/D (długość otworu/średnica) otworu wylotowego wtryskiwacza na zmianę charakterystyki...
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Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
PublikacjaThe paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are...
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Cement kiln dust
PublikacjaThe volume of cement production in the world has remained at the level of approxi mately 4.1 billion tons/year. The cement production process is energy intensive and is the world’s leading emitter of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the main activities cement plants are aimed at introducing technologies changes in production of clinkier.The construction industry is responsible for the majority of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: the...
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Hydrogen induced degradation of structural steel exposed to the technical liquid hydrocarbons
PublikacjaSusceptibility of the differently heat treated 26H2MF steel to stress corrosion cracking has been evaluated in the constant strain rate tension tests done at the strain rate 10-6s-1 and in the constant load tests done at the 0,98 of fracture load. The boiler fuel and the aged mineral oil at 135C and 80C respectively, have been used as the aggressive environments.
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Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review
PublikacjaThe present review emphasizes the role of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and acoustic cavitation in clean and green technologies for selected fuels (of hydrocarbon origins such as gasoline, naphtha, diesel, heavy oil, and crude oil) processing applications including biodiesel production. Herein, the role of cavitation reactors, their geometrical parameters, physicochemical properties of liquid media, liquid oxidants, catalyst loading,...
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Influence of Wastewater Treatment Technology on Particle Size Distribution in the Effluent
PublikacjaSuspended solids in water and wastewater usually carry quite a large load of pollutants (organic substances, nutrients, heavy metals, etc.) adsorbed on the particles surface. Particles of different sizes carry different types and quantities of pollutants. Therefore, particle size distribution is of importance in waster and wastewater treatment. In the article the influence of different treatment technologies on particle size distribution...
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Selected aspects of determining the reliability of the pump subsystems with redundancy, used in main engine auxiliary systems
PublikacjaThe rules of classification societies require the use of redundancy in the systems essential for the safety of the ship. Duplication of pumps in the main engine auxiliary systems like cooling water system, lubricating oil system, fuel oil system is a good example here. Therefore, in the author's opinion, some attention should be paid to this issue. Two important questions arise here. Does duplication of pumps in marine systems...
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Environmental Risk Assessment of WWII Shipwreck pollution
PublikacjaThe pollution of the sea is a global problem that has arisen as a consequence of the industrialization of the world and the intense transportation of crude oil and the products of its refinement. As sailing vessels were replaced by motor propelled ships towards the end of the 19th century, a new source of sea water pollution came into being. Every emergency involving a tanker carrying crude oil and its products is a potential source...
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Forecasting of retail prices of liquid fuels in Poland
PublikacjaMotivation: In recent years, the prices of liquid fuels in Poland have been rising , negatively affecting the country’s economy and the daily life of its inhabitants. Consequently, there is a need for effective forecasting of prices in fuel markets, as this could enable entrepreneurs and consumers to make more informed decisions. Aim: The objective of the article was to forecast the retail prices of EU95 petrol and diesel fuel...
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Rational Use of Primary Energy in Single-Family Residential Houses
PublikacjaThis work presents results of the primary energy use for heating residential single-family house. Analysis includes domestic hot water system (DHW) and heating, ventilation and air condition system (HVAC). During researches the conventional and alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, fuel oil, bituminous coal, lignite or electric energy obtained from electric power system – EPS) were used in DHW and HVAC systems. Furthermore...
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Efficiency and proportions of waste tyre pyrolysis products depending on the reactor type—A review
PublikacjaThis article discusses the current use of different pyrolytic reactors, their constructions and operating principles regarding the yields of main products of waste tyre pyrolytic recycling. Whether one makes a larger or smaller profit, or even a loss due to a surcharge being levied on waste tyre recycling, depends on the sale of the pyrolysis products (gas, char, oil), the proportions and market prices of which differ. The cheapest...
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Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives
Publikacja:Phytoremediationis a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation, several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad...
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Polysaccharide nanocomposites in wastewater treatment: A review
PublikacjaIn modern times, wastewater treatment is vital due to increased water contamination arising from pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues. Polysaccharides (PSAs) are natural, renewable, and non-toxic biopolymers used in wastewater treatment in the field of gas separation, liquid filtration, adsorption processes, pervaporation, and proton exchange membranes. Since addition of nanoparticles...
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Design of a test bench for determining the general characteristics of an internal combustion engine using a hydraulic power take-off system
PublikacjaThe paper presents a design of an engine test bench, which is used to determine the general characteristics of a truck engine using a power take-off (PTO). PTO drives a hydraulic system that generates a load on the engine at various points in its operation in the power range specified by the hydraulic system. The design allows for stationary and mobile tests with the test bench mounted on the truck, without any modification of...
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Prediction of ship resistance with the use of Full-scale CFD simulations
PublikacjaIn recent years, the IMO has introduced new regulations to reduce the negative impact of ships on the natural environment. A particularly important step forcing technological innovations is the increasing requirement of ship energy efficiency. It is expressed by the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Another important step towards green shipping is rising the required quality of fuel used for propulsion, so called Tier limits....
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Geographic information system for remote integration of diverse under-water acoustic sensor data
PublikacjaMaritime and port areas throughout the world are exposed to many different hazards, like pollution, terrorism and natural disasters. Early detection, identification and preparation of appropriateesponse strategies is especially important in the case of semi-enclosed basins like the Baltic Sea, mainly due to the marine ecosystems' continuous absorption of pollutants including oil, heavy metals and chemicals. Many of those agents...
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RAPESEED PELLET - A BYPRODUCT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION - AS AN EXCELLENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
PublikacjaVegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct...
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Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development-A Review
PublikacjaPyrolysis has been applied in the human economy for many years, and it has become a significant alternative to the production of chemical compounds, including biofuels. The article fo-cuses mostly on recent achievements in the technical and processing aspects of pyrolysis. The aim of the review is to present the latest research on the process of waste biomass pyrolysis to fuel production. The paper describes the mechanisms of...
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A review on recent advances in the application of biosurfactants in wastewater treatment
PublikacjaMicroorganisms produce a variety of non-conventional surface-active molecules, known as biosurfactants. The biosurfactants find diverse applications in the oil industry, agriculture, emulsifiers, and wastewater treatment, to name a few. Since they are produced from microbes, advantages such as biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility can be leveraged compared to the chemical surfactants. Recently, biosurfactants...
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Towards Changes of Macro-Economic Structures in Middle Eastern Countries. Empirical Evidence for 1970–2018
PublikacjaMiddle East countries share a wide bundle of specific structural economic features and one of the latest is a high dependency of these economies on fossil fuels, which is quantitatively demonstrated through the share of oil and gas revenues in total export, but also in gross domestic product composition. This high economic dependency on natural resources on one hand has recently generated a material wealth of Middle Eastern countries...
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Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan
PublikacjaMismatch between energy demand and supply from last two decades has been increasing because of the domination of expensive imported oil in energy mix of Pakistan. To import crude oil Government paid US $ 9 billion in 2008–2009 to meet the energy demands...
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Possibility to use engine compression ignition engines in floating power plants marine
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. The engines can be used in power industry for electricity generation in a simple or combined steam turbine system in combined heat and power plants. The leading engine in such an arrangement is an internal-combustion piston engine. The main propulsion engines are used in large piston internal-combustion engines...
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Pyrolysis and Torrefaction—Thermal Treatment of Creosote-Impregnated Railroad Ties as a Method of Utilization
PublikacjaA fundamental issue of waste management and the rail transport industry is the problem of utilizing used railroad ties. Wooden railroad ties are treated with a preservative, usually creosote. Due to their high toxicity, railroad ties are considered hazardous waste and must be utilized under various directives. It is proposed to utilize the troublesome waste by using the pyrolysis and torrefaction process. The research proves that...