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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT, HYDROSTATIC LEVELLING SYSTEMS, REFERENCE SENSOR, CONTROLLED SENSORS
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Determination of vertical displacements by using the hydrostatic levelling systems with the variable location of the reference sensor,
PublikacjaAbstract: In this paper, the author proposed a new method for determination of vertical displacements with the use of hydrostatic levelling systems. The traditional method of hydrostatic levelling uses a rule in which a position of reference sensor is stable. This assumption was not adapted in the proposed method. Regarding the issue mentioned above, the reference sensor is treated in the same way as the others sensors that measure...
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The Concept of Accuracy Analysis of the Vertical Displacements Gained from the Hydrostatic Levelling Systems’ Measurements
PublikacjaAbstract: Nowadays, hydrostatic levelling is a widely used method for the vertical displacements’ determinations of objects such as bridges, viaducts, wharfs, tunnels, high buildings, historical buildings, special engineering objects (e.g., synchrotron), sports and entertainment halls. The measurements’ sensors implemented in the hydrostatic levelling systems (HLSs) consist of the reference sensor (RS) and sensors located on the...
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The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling
PublikacjaThe article discusses the issue of hydrostatic leveling. Its application is presented in structural health monitoring systems in order to determine vertical displacements of controlled points. Moreover, the article includes a complete computation scheme that utilizes the estimation from observation differences, allowing the elimination of the influence of individual sensors’ systematic errors. The authors suggest two concepts of...
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Microwave Alignment and Displacement Sensors in Groove Gap Waveguide Technology
PublikacjaThis paper is aimed at presenting highly sensitive microwave displacement and alignment sensors. With this goal, the method of realizing mechanically tunable cavity resonators in groove gap waveguides technology is presented. The resonance frequency of the cavity is then used for displacement sensing. It is also demonstrated that the symmetry properties of a pair of groove gap waveguide cavities can be used to improve the robustness...
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Electrocatalytic gas sensor with reference layer
PublikacjaIn recent years electrochemical gas sensors based on solid state electrolytes have been intensively developed. They are easy to obtain, use and relative durable. Nasicon is one of the most promising materials, which have been used in construction of gas sensors. Most of these devices work in potentiometric or amperometric mode. However, some works are dedicated to sensors working in electrocatalytic mode. Principle of operation...
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Electrocatalytic Gas Sensor with Reference Layer
PublikacjaThis paper presents studies of gas sensors prepared in ceramic technology with Nasicon as a solid electrolyte. Sensors work in the voltammetric mode thus based on the excitation of a sensor with a periodic potential signal while current response is recorded. The main aim is to investigate a Bi8Nb2O17 reference layer influence on sensor properties. Sensors I-V characteristics in different concentration of nitrogen dioxide have been...
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Properties of Nasicon-based CO2 sensors with Bi8Nb2O17 reference electrode
PublikacjaPotentiometric CO2 sensors based on Nasicon (Na+ conductor, Na3Zr2Si2PO12) electrolyte, Bi8Nb2O17/Pt reference electrode and different sensing electrodes have been prepared. Besides the sensing electrode material, sensors differ from each other in the reference electrode preparation technique. The main aim of this study is to investigate sensor construction and electrode fabrication process influence on sensor properties. The optimal...
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Properties of Nasicon-based CO2 sensor with Bi8Nb2O17 reference electrode
PublikacjaGas sensors are useful for the carbon dioxide concentration monitoring in many applications. The major challenge is to develop a potentiometric sensor working without the necessity of a reference gas and without a need of the reference electrode encapsulation. Important issue is a selection of reference electrode material, which should provide stable reference potential. For example as reference electrode material in sensor based...
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Displacement Sensors Based on the Phase of the Reflection Coefficient of a Split Ring Resonator Loaded Transmission Line
Publikacja— In this paper, novel displacement sensors using a microstrip loaded with a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs) are proposed. It is shown that the phase of the reflection coefficient from the loading SRRs can be used for displacement sensing. The paper also proposes a differential version of the sensor that benefits from a higher sensitivity and reference zero, which is useful for alignment purposes. It is further shown that...
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Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component
PublikacjaThis paper presents the design and realization of a multifunctional bandpassfilter/displacement-sensor using an edge-coupled microstrip bandpass filter loaded by a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs). It is shown that while the structure acts as a bandpass filter at its operating frequency, the phase of the reflection coefficient from a movable loading resonator at the resonance frequency of the resonator can be used for displacement...
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Fiber optic displacement sensor with signal analysis in spectral domain
PublikacjaIn this paper, a study of a low-coherence fiber optic displacement sensor is presented. The sensor consisted of a broadband source whose central wavelength was either at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, a sensing Fabry-Pérot interferometer operating in reflective mode and an optical spectrum analyzer acting as the detection setup. All these components were connected by a single-mode fiber coupler. Metrological parameters of the sensor were...
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Design of Microwave-Based Angular Displacement Sensor
PublikacjaThis letter presents a novel microwave-based rotation sensor having a wide dynamic range to detect and measure the angular displacement in terms of the change in resonant frequency. The proposed sensor is based on the microstrip technology, where a rotor comprised of a complementary splitring resonator (CSRR) placed on the ground plane of the microstrip line is free to rotate around its axis. The mechanical rotation of CSRR determines...
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Potentiometric Oxygen Sensor with Solid State Reference Electrode
PublikacjaThe concentration or the partial pressure of oxygen in an environment can be determined using different measuring principles. For high temperature measurements of oxygen, ceramic-based sensors are the most practical. They are simple in construction, exploration and maintenance. A typical oxygen potentiometric sensor consists of an oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte and two electrodes deposited...
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Accuracy Analysis of Determination the Vertical Displacements in Unstable Reference System
PublikacjaMeasurements of horizontal and vertical displacements are carried out mostly based on reference points identified as fixed. In surveying practice there may be some situations in which there is not possible to perform the measurements with reference to stable points or the difficulties in identification of points’ stability may arise. Accuracy analysis based on the covariance matrices have a special role in this process. In presented...
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High Dynamic Range Microwave Displacement and Rotation Sensors Based on the Phase of Transmission in Groove Gap Waveguide Technology
PublikacjaThis research is focused on the design and realization of displacement sensors in gap waveguide technology. It is shown that with a small but fundamental change in the structure of a conventional gap waveguide, a linear displacement can be sensed. To this end, a unique feature of gap waveguides, i.e. the fact that no electrical connection between the top and bottom parts of the gap waveguide is required, is used. It is further shown...
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The Use of Free Adjustment and Msplit-Estimation for Determination of the Vertical Displacements in Unstable Reference System
PublikacjaThe problem of the determining of the displacements of engineering objects and their surroundings is the current and important issue in the field of engineering geodesy. Most control measurements are made in relation to reference points (stable points). On the other hand, sometimes it happens that it is not possible perform the measurements with reference to the stable points or identification of stable points is difficult. Therefore,...
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Chapter 11 – Application of Chemical Sensors and Sensor Matrixes to Air Quality Evaluation
PublikacjaIndoor and outdoor air quality is one of the key factors influencing human health. However, air quality evaluation is not easy task. Air is a complex system, which is subjected to changes even within short period of time. Progress in analytical methods and analytical tools provides increasingly more reliable information on the condition and quality of indoor and outdoor air. This progress, however, generates an increase in the...
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A measurement method for capacitive sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublikacjaIn the paper, there is presented a new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance values of capacitive sensors, dedicated, among others, to capacitive relative humidity sensors. The method is based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators (ACs) and with precision voltage reference sources, e.g. digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The reference...
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Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds
PublikacjaIn this paper describes the principle of operation of the electrochemical sensors and the sensor matrixes comprised of electrochemical sensors intended for measurement of odorous compounds. Critical comparison of these sensors’ advantages and disadvantages has been made. The fields of economy contributing to release of odours and the potential sources of their emission have been identified. Commercially available electrochemical...
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A measurement method for lossy capacitive relative humidity sensors based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublikacjaA new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance and resistance values of lossy relative humidity capacitive sensors is presented. The method is based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators and timers. The interface circuit consists only of four reference resistors (two reference resistors if a microcontroller includes a voltage reference source),...
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Application of thin diamond films in low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry Pérot displacement sensor
PublikacjaThe novel fiber-optic low coherence sensor with thin diamond films is demonstrated. The undoped and boron-doped diamond films were elaborated by the use of the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (μPE CVD) system. The optical signal from the Fabry–Pérot cavity made with the application of those thin films is sensitive to displacement. The sensor characterization was made in the range of 0–600 μm. The measurements...
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Mineral oil-based hydrostatic drives as the basic drive systems in the construction of offshore eqiupment projects
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to present the components used in the production of mineral oil-based hydrostatic drives as the basic drive systems for the offshore industry. The article contains de-scriptions of the components of the said systems, with the description of their suitability for mi-neral oil operation and offshore applications.
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The computational methods in the development of a novel multianalyte calibration technique for potentiometric integrated sensors systems
PublikacjaIn recent years, integration and miniaturization of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have brought many benefits resulting in the possibility of simultaneous determination of the ions concentration in small volume samples. One of the key problems related to the preparation of potentiometric integrated sensors systems (PISSs) is a calibration procedure due to the necessity to calibrate each particular sensor separately. The main aim...
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Time-domain measurement methods for R, L and C sensors based on aversatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublikacjatIn the paper new time-domain measurement methods for determining values of resistive (R), inductive(L) and capacitive (C) sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcon-trollers with internal analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and analog comparators (ACs) are presented.The interface circuit consists of a reference resistor Rrworking as a voltage divider, a given R, L or C sensorand a microcontroller...
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Optimised Allocation of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaA problem of optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Two numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm. The robust estimation algorithm recently developed...
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The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems
PublikacjaWeigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature...
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Energy Loss Coefficients ki in a Displacement Pump and Hydraulic Motor used in Hydrostatic Drives
PublikacjaThe article aims at defining and analysing the energy loss coefficients in design solutions of rotating displacement machines, with a piston machine as an example. The energy losses observed in these machines include mechanical loss, volumetric loss, and pressure loss. The scale and relations between these losses in different machines depend on machine design and manufacturing quality, and on operating parameters. The operating...
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Optimised Robust Placement of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaA problem of optimised robust placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems under several water demand scenarios for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving at the same time a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm...
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DiSTFAG method robust to gross errors in monitoring displacements and strains in unstable reference systems
PublikacjaThe DiSTFA method (Displacements and Strains using Transformation and Free Adjustment) was presented in Kamiński (2009). The method has been developed for the determination of displacements and strains of engineering objects in unstable reference systems, as well as for examining the stability of reference points. The DiSTFAG (Gross errors) method presented in the paper is the extension of the DiSTFA method making it robust to...
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Stability of an optical displacement sensor using a two-beam polarization interferometer
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów stabilności wybranej konfiguracji dwuwiązkowego interferometru polaryzacyjnego. Przedyskutowano źródła występującej niestabilności.
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Supervised Model Reference Adaptive Control of Chlorine Residuals in Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaControl of integrated quality and quantity in Drinking Water Distribution Systems within recently proposed hierarchical framework is considered in the paper. A supervised nonlinear Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Controller is derived for the lower control level of the control structure to operate as the fast feedback controller of chlorine residuals in the monitored nodes. The major supervisor role is to manage switching between...
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Modeling Object Oriented Systems via Controlled English Verbalization of Description Logic
PublikacjaThe need for formal methods for Object Oriented (OO) systems resulted in methods like UML and Lepus3 that are de-facto graphical languages equipped with formal tools that are able to handle the design of OO systems. However, they lack precise semantics which might lead to problems, such as inconsistencies or redundancies. On the other hand, to our knowledge, there is no approach that allows one to understand and follow the requirements...
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An optimised placement of the hard quality sensors for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration in drinking water distribution systems
PublikacjaThe problem of an optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in drinking water distribution systemsunder several water demand scenarios for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration is formulatedin this paper. The optimality is understood as achieving a desired trade off between the sensors and theirmaintenance costs and the accuracy of estimation of the chlorine concentration. The contribution of thiswork is a comprehensive...
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Screw displacement pile shaft deformations measured by vibrating wire and fiber optic systems during a static load test
PublikacjaThis paper describes a full scale static load test performed on a 400 mm diameter screw displacement pile equipped with four different strain measuring systems. Three types of vibrating wire strain gauges (VWSG) were used: global - retrievable, local attached to steel pipe and local concrete embedded. The fourth system was distributed fiber optic sensors based on Rayleigh back scattering (DFOS) - three in the pile cross section....
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A method of self-testing of an analog circuit terminated by an ADC in electronic embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers
PublikacjaA new self-testing method of analog parts terminated by an ADC in electronic embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers is presented. It is based on a new fault diagnosis method based on on-line (i.e. during measurement), transformations of voltage samples of the time response of a tested part to a square pulse - onto localization curves placed in the measurement space. The method can be used for fault detection and single...
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Analysis of the internal shell stability of the cylindrical vertical double-shell tank under the condition of the hydrostatic test
PublikacjaUtrata stateczności płaszcza wewnętrznego w pionowym stalowym zbiorniku może wystąpić jeżeli podczas próby wodnej słup wody w przestrzeni międzypłaszczowej będzie miał większą wysokość niż w zbiorniku wewnętrznym. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę jaka różnica poziomów wody podczas próby wodnej może zagrażać stateczności płaszcza wewnętrznego w zbiorniku o pojemności od 10000 m3 do 100000 m3.
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Sensor Position Estimation Method for IoT Using Mobile Reference Node
PublikacjaThe paper proposes an innovative method of locating objects for the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed method allows the position of a fixed measuring sensor (MS) to be estimated using one mobile base station with a known position moving around the MS. The mathematical analysis of the method, and three algorithms — Newton’s (NA), gradient descent (GD) and genetic (GA) — for solving the system of non-linear positional equations...
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Synthesizing of Sensitizing Glasses in Very Small Volumes and Strictly Controlled Atmospheres for Fiber and Integrated Optic Sensors
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Diagnosis of reference electrodes in cathodic protection systems by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych i terenowych przeprowadzonych techniką elektrochemicznej spektroskopii impedancyjnej (EIS). Zaprezentowano widma impedancyjne następujących układów: elektroda odniesienia/elektroda pomocnicza; rurociąg/zakopane i przenośne elektrody odniesienia. Pokazano, że omawiana technika umożliwia badanie stanu technicznego elektrod odniesienia, co zwiększa pewność wyników pomiarów potencjału chronionej...
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A diagnosis method of analog parts of mixed-signal systems controlled by microcontrollers.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono nową klasę K-D metod diagnostyki analogowych części mieszanych sygnałowo mikrosystemów bazujących na mikrokontrolerach. Metody składają się z trzech etapów: etapu przedtestowego tworzenia słownika uszkodzeń, etapu pomiarowego bazujacego na pomiarach próbek napięcia odpowiedzi układu analogowego na pobudzenie impulsem prostokątnym wykonywanych przez wewnętrzne zasoby mikrokontrolera i z etapu detekcji i lokalizacji...
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A Family Of Multicore 0ptical Fibre Based Sensors And Instrumentation Systems
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Effect of the working liquid compressibility on the picture of volumetric and mechanical losses in a high pressure displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive Part II Mechanical losses in a pump
PublikacjaŚciśliwość cieczy roboczej może znacząco zmienić wartości i proporcje współczynników strat objętościowych i mechanicznych w pompie wyporowej zastosowanej w układzie napędu hydrostatycznego. Wpływ ten jest szczególnie widoczny w trakcie pracy pod wysokim ciśnieniem a także wówczas, gdy występuje zapowietrzenie cieczy roboczej. W części II przedstawiono model matematyczny momentu strat mechanicznych w pompie oraz jego laboratoryjną...
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On The Application Of Fiber Optics In The Development Of Sensor Systems Of Intelligent Robots
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On the possibility of using liquid or lipid - polymer membrane systems as taste sensors
PublikacjaMembrany ciekłe z anionowym surfaktanetem mogą być użyte do rozpoznawania molekularnego substancji smakowych ale nie mogą stanowić podstawy sensora smaku głównie z powodu chaotycznych zachowań. Przeciwnie membrany polimerowo-lipidowe mogą być zastosowane w sensorze smaku do badania jakości pewnych napojów handlowych.
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PSoC embedded systems and its potential applications in wireless sensors network
PublikacjaW artykule zostanie przedstawiona koncepcja bezprzewodowej sieci sensorowej z wykorzystaniem mikrokontrolerów PSoC firmy Cypress. Mikrokontrolery PSoC (ang. Programmable System on a Chip) to 8-bitowe uniwersalne układy programowalne znajdujące zastosowanie między innymi w przemyśle, elektronice medycznej, telekomunikacji i samochodowych systemach sterowania. Mikrokontrolery PSoC pozwalają użytkownikom wybierać rodzaj i liczbę peryferiów...
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DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS IN RELATIVE MONITORING NETWORKS
PublikacjaThe problem of determining displacements of objects is an important and current issue, in particular in terms of operational safety. This is a requirement that covers geodetic, periodic control measurements in order to determine horizontal and vertical displacements. The paper is focused on the analysis of vertical displacements. Geodetic measurements and their interpretation allow to reduce the risk of possible structural catastrophes....
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Automatic tuning of a resonant circuit in wireless power supply systems for biomedical sensors
PublikacjaIn this paper, a tuning method of a resonant circuit suited for wireless powering of miniature endoscopic capsules is presented and discussed. The method allows for an automatic tuning of the resonant frequency and matching impedance of a full wave rectifier loading the resonant circuit. Thereby, the receiver tunes so as to obtain the highest power efficiency under given conditions of transmission. A prototype receiver for wireless...
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Effect of the working liquid compressibility on the picture of volumetric and mechanical losses in a high pressure displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive. Part I Energy losses in a drive system, volumetric losses in a pump
PublikacjaŚciśliwość cieczy roboczej może znacząco zmienić wartości i proporcje współczynników strat objętościowych i mechanicznych w pompie wyporowej zastosowanej w układzie napędu hydrostatycznego. Wpływ ten jest szczególnie widoczny w trakcie pracy pod wysokim ciśnieniem a także wówczas, gdy występuje zapowietrzenie cieczy roboczej. W części I przedstawiono wykres zaproponowany przez autora, wzrostu mocy w układzie napędu hydrostatycznego...
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Effect of the working liquid compressibility on the picture of volumetric and mechanical losses in a high pressure displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive. Part I Energy losses in a drive system, volumetric losses in a pump
PublikacjaŚciśliwość cieczy roboczej może znacząco zmienić wartości i proporcje współczynników strat objętościowych i mechanicznych w pompie wyporowej zastosowanej w układzie napędu hydrostatycznego. Wpływ ten jest szczególnie widoczny w trakcie pracy pod wysokim ciśnieniem a także wówczas, gdy występuje zapowietrzenie cieczy roboczej. W części I przedstawiono wykres zaproponowany przez autora, wzrostu mocy w układzie napędu hydrostatycznego...
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Repair Augmentation of Unstable, Complete Vertical Meniscal Tears With Bone Marrow Venting Procedure: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study
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