Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: GASEOUS MESSENGER
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Shooting Gas Cylinders to Prevent Their Explosion in Fire
PublikacjaGas cylinders in general, and particularly cylinders containing acetylene, constitute a great potential danger to fire and rescue services involved in salvage operations. Experiments show that gas cylinders with acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, CNG, LPG or CO2 may blow after short exposition to heat with very destructive effect as fragments of blown cylinder may fly even several hundred meters. In the case of acetylene the explosion...
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Taguchi sensors under temperature modulation
PublikacjaSemiconductor gas sensors are widely used in gas- analyzing applications for various gas species determination due to their low cost and possibility to detect number of different gases. However, one of the main problems with such sensors is their lack of selectivity. To overcome this issue different ap- proaches can be used. One of them is the operation with sensor temperature modulation combined with dedicated data process- ing...
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Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow's gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview
PublikacjaThe impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine's combustion chamber. It has been proved that...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublikacjaIn the paper presented is a concept to utilize waste heat from the power plant with the aid of the low-temperature ORC cycle. The ORC system is heated from two heat sources, the first one being the flow rate of waste heat obtained from the exhaust gases. Subsequently, the working fluid in the cycle is additionally heated by the condensing steam from the low pressure turbine extraction points increasing in such way the level of...
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Pyrolysis Combined with the Dry Reforming of Waste Plastics as a Potential Method for Resource Recovery—A Review of Process Parameters and Catalysts
Publikacja: Emissions of greenhouse gases and growing amounts of waste plastic are serious environmental threats that need urgent attention. The current methods dedicated to waste plastic recycling are still insufficient and it is necessary to search for new technologies for waste plastic management. The pyrolysis-catalytic dry reforming (PCDR) of waste plastic is a promising pro-environmental way employed for the reduction of both CO2 and...
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Katalizatory wykorzystywane w syntezie biodiesla
PublikacjaRising prices of electricity, conventional fuels and heating require decisive steps in the further development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. These include geothermal-; hydrothermal-; aerothermal-; and solar energy. Due to the fact that the petrochemical industry is one of the fastest growing branches of the economy, we would like to expand on the topic related to biofuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar...
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Copper and cobalt co-doped ceria as an anode catalyst for DIR-SOFCs fueled by biogas
PublikacjaThe nanocrystalline compounds of Co and Cu co-doped ceria (with up to 20 mol.% of dopants) were fabricated by the reverse microemulsion synthesis method. They were deposited in a form of layers on the surface of SOFC anode in an aim to act as electrochemically active materials for biogas reforming process. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy was used to analyze a composition of outlet gases simultaneously with the tests of...
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Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
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Szybkie uziemniki do ograniczania skutków zwarć łukowych w okrętowych rozdzielnicach SN
PublikacjaW artykule scharakteryzowano moc i napięcie łuku, jak również przedstawiono model termodynamiczny służący do obliczania ciśnienia i temperatury gazów w otoczeniu łuku zwarciowego. Przedstawiono przykładowy układ elektrowni okrętowej i zasilania najważniejszych odbiorników na statku do przewozu gazu ziemnego w stanie ciekłym. Na podstawie parametrów prądnic i silników odbiorników zasilanych z rozdzielnicy głównej obliczono prądy...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaThe study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler. In the case of a conventional boiler there is noted a greater fuel consumption and the greater power generated than in the case of the unit with the condensing boiler. Postulated is the indicator in the form of a ratio of turbine power to the mass flow rate of fuel, which in turn gives...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
PublikacjaCombined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas...
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Final report on noise and rolling resistance
PublikacjaWork Package 6 deals with environmental impacts of PERS use, including noise and rolling resistance. This report covers preliminary noise tests performed in the laboratory and at the road test sites. The obtained results indicate that PERS material reduce noise considerably - up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA16 reference surface. Noise reduction properties are especially visible in the case of factory produced PERS slabs supplied...
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Permeation and sorption properties of poly(ether-block-amide) membranesfilled by two types of zeolites
PublikacjaThe experimental study of transport properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on PEBA-4033 with two types of zeolites is reported. Gas (CO2, O2, N2) and vapor (benzene, toluene, methanol, water) permeation measurements were performed using the differential flow permeameter at temperature of 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Gas/vapor permeation was monitored by measuring the changes of the thermal conductivity of carrier...
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Green Chemistry in Higher Education: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends
PublikacjaNowadays, there is increasing interest in global sustainability, and thus, university students would like to know how human actions affect the health status of our planet. This is mainly due to their basic knowledge of problems such as global warming and greenhouse gases. Students would like to gain knowledge on how to safeguard the earth for future generations. This must involve changes in education programs at interested institutions...
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Understainding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique
PublikacjaAnalytical chemists are faced with the daunting challenges of accurately monitoring the state of the environment and the processes taking place in it and of determining an enormous range of analytes often present in trace and ultratrace amounts in sample matrixes with complex or variable compositions. Further challenges are presented by the need to introduce new methodologies into current analytical practice and equipment to comply...
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Features extraction from the electrocatalytic gas sensor responses
PublikacjaOne of the types of gas sensors used for detection and identification of toxic-air pollutant is an electrocatalytic gas sensor. The electrocatalytic sensors are working in cyclic voltammetry mode, enable detection of various gases. Their response are in the form of I-V curves which contain information about the type and the concentration of measured volatile compound. However,...
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Structural and catalytic properties of ceria layers doped with transition metals for SOFCs fueled by biogas
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper was to investigate an influence of the nanocrystalline Ce0.8A0.2O2-δ (A = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) materials on the direct internal reforming of biogas in SOFC. Structural analysis of fabricated compounds has been done. An in-situ analysis of a composition of outlet gases from operating SOFC was performed using FTIR spectroscopy with simultaneous electrical tests. It was found out, that type of dopant strongly...
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Combined chemoresistive and in situ FTIR spectroscopy study of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
PublikacjaThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated by combined resistivity and in situ FTIR spectroscopy, with and without simultaneous light illumination, to detect NO2 and acetone gases. The sensitivity towards NO2 increased dramatically under UV irradiation employing 275 nm light. Improved sensitivity was observed at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. In situ FTIR...
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Effect of operating conditions on N 2 O production in an anammox sequencing batch reactor containing granular sludge
PublikacjaNitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the gases with the greatest impact in the atmosphere due to its persistence and significant contribution to the greenhouse effect. This study provides an insight into the dynamics of N2O production in wastewater nitrogen removal systems. A 10 L sequencing batch reactor containing enriched anammox biomass was subjected to different operational conditions, i.e., temperature, feed time, NO2 /NH4 þ ratio...
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Determination of selected parameters/ analytes in surface water samples collected in the surroundings of the capital of Spitsbergen (Longyearbyen)
PublikacjaPolar regions are extremely sensitive to pollution such as harmful gases, particles or toxic substances which affect the Arctic climate and ecosystems. Spitsbergen, as well as all Arctic region, because of its geographically distant location and lack of industry sector, should be free of chemical pollution. Despite this, many pollutants could be found in the Polar environment, for example in freshwaters. Their occurrence is related...
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Monometallic nanoparticles decorated and rare earth ions doped KTaO3/K2Ta2O6 photocatalysts with enhanced pollutant decomposition and improved H2 generation
PublikacjaNew, monometallic nanoparticles (MNPs) decorated surface and rare earth (RE) ions doped lattice of perovskite-type (KTaO3)/pyrochlore-type (K2Ta2O6) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by facile hydrothermal incorporation of RE ions into KTaO3/K2Ta2O6 lattices followed by photodeposition of MNPs. The impact of noble metal type (MNPs = Au, Pt, Rh) and rare earth dopant type (RE = Er, Pr) on the physicochemical properties correlated...
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Energy efficiency of electric multiple units in suburban operation
PublikacjaThis thesis presents approach to analysis of energy efficiency of a suburban rail network, using novel models developed on the Matlab/Simulink basis. Necessary features and requirements for such models were determined thru in-depth review of the source literature in all applicable fields: electrified transportation systems, electric multiple units construction, vehicle drivetrains and finally, existing simulation methods. Existing...
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Nitrogen oxides removal from hydrogen flue gas using corona discharge in marine boilers: Application perspective
PublikacjaThis paper focuses on the combustion of hydrogen in boilers, as it appears to be a more effective method than using fuel cells for heating purposes due to higher boiler efficiency. One of the main disadvantages of hydrogen combustion in air is NOx formation. Therefore, the authors decided to introduce corona discharge as an inno- vative technique to clean hydrogen flue gas by effectively reducing NOx levels. The method involves...
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Risks related to car fire on innovative Poroelastic Road Surfaces-PERS
PublikacjaTo reduce tyre/road noise, the concept of poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) was invented. PERS is a road surface material that is porous, and at the same time, it is flexible because of the substantial amount of rubber granulate content (from 20% to 85%). The rubber and stone particles are bound by polyurethane resin instead of bitumen. It was feared that in case of fire, because of the high content of rubber and polyurethane, there...
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Combined operation of 900MW power plant with the ORC through the bleed steam extraction point and CO2 recovery system
PublikacjaThe work presented here is aimed at utylisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90 C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach...
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The Influence of the Chemical Composition of Selected Waste Materials from the Production of Copper on the Final Environmental Assessment
PublikacjaThis article presents qualitative and quantitative analysis of the waste produced by KGHM Polska Miedź. The waste has been analyzed according to its chemical composition and balanced in order to be reused and recycled. Special attention has been paid to mining industries producing the biggest amount of waste and ore enrichment businesses generating waste, which isn’t reused nowadays. Laboratory reseach has been conducted on floatation...
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Evaluation of Three Peptide Immobilization Techniques on a QCM Surface Related to Acetaldehyde Responses in the Gas Phase
PublikacjaThe quartz-crystal microbalance is a sensitive and universal tool for measuring concentrations of various gases in the air. Biochemical functionalization of the QCM electrode allows a label-free detection of specific molecular interactions with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, it enables a real-time determination of its kinetic rates and affinity constants. This makes QCM a versatile bioanalytical screening tool for...
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Investigation of functional layers of solid oxide fuel cell anodes for synthetic biogas reforming
PublikacjaSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the most promising energy conversion devices due to their high efficiency, low pollution and fuel flexibility. Unfortunately, when hydrocarbons are used as a fuel, for example in the form of a biogas, solid carbon can deposit on the anode surface. This process leads to the degradation of the fuel cell performance. A possible solution to this problem is to apply an additional catalytic material,...
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A state of the art review on the use of fungi in biofiltration to remove volatile hydrophobic pollutants
PublikacjaThe physical/chemical abatement of gas pollutants creates many technical problems, is costly and entails significant environmental impacts. Biological purification of off-gases is a cheap and ecologically safe way of neutralization of gas pollutants. Despite the recent advances, the main technological challenge nowadays is the purification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of hydrophobic character due to their low solubility...
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Improvement of CO2 absorption and inhibition of NH3 escape during CaCO3 precipitation in the presence of selected alcohols and polyols
PublikacjaThis research aims to investigate the effect of selected organic substances containing hydroxyl groups on the reduction of NH3 escape and the improvement of CO2 capture during the precipitation of calcium carbonate by carbonation method using post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process and gas stream containing CO2 in the amount corresponding to the exhausted gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Glycerol, ethylene...
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Organic Vapor Sensing Mechanisms by Large-Area Graphene Back-Gated Field-Effect Transistors under UV Irradiation
PublikacjaThe gas sensing properties of graphene back-gated field-effect transistor (GFET) sensors toward acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform vapors were investigated with the focus on unfolding possible gas detection mechanisms. The FET configuration of the sensor device enabled gate voltage tuning for enhanced measurements of changes in DC electrical characteristics. Electrical measurements were combined with a fluctuation-enhanced...
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Modelling of laminated glass PVB walls of buildings exposed to vehicle impact with different speeds
PublikacjaThis paper presents an analytical model, developed for laminated glass subjected to a low-velocity impact. It has the ability to capture glass cracks as well as large non-linear deformations. It is based mathematically on the firstorder deformation concept, which considers the effect of membrane and transverse shear as well as bending. This theory uses damage mechanics to capture the glass cracking. For this purpose, several experiments...
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Pavement ageing influence on tyre/road noise
PublikacjaRoad surface should be constructed in a way that ensures safe and comfortable traffic conditions, not only when it is newly paved but also during its entire lifetime. An important factor in the asphalt mixture design process is also the expected pavement durability and stability of pavement properties over time. In many countries, road surface starts to play a significant role in traffic noise reduction actions. Selecting a particular...
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Electrocatalytic gas sensor with reference layer
PublikacjaIn recent years electrochemical gas sensors based on solid state electrolytes have been intensively developed. They are easy to obtain, use and relative durable. Nasicon is one of the most promising materials, which have been used in construction of gas sensors. Most of these devices work in potentiometric or amperometric mode. However, some works are dedicated to sensors working in electrocatalytic mode. Principle of operation...
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Investigation of Narrow Transverse and Longitudinal Electrostatic Precipitators
PublikacjaDiesel engines emit fine particles, which are harmful to human and animal health. There are several methods for decrease particulate emission from a diesel engines, but up to now, these methods are not enough effective or very expensive. An electrostatic precipitation was proposed as an alternative method for control of a diesel particulate emission. Therefore, narrow electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have become a subject of...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublikacjaThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Limited selectivity of amperometric gas sensors operating in multicomponent gas mixtures and methods of selectivity improvement
PublikacjaIn recent years, smog and poor air quality have became a growing environmental problem. There is a need to continuously monitor the quality of the air. The lack of selectivity is one of the most important problems limiting the use of gas sensors for this purpose. In this study, the selectivity of six amperometric gas sensors is investigated. First, the sensors were calibrated in order to find a correlation between the concentration...
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Potential of Functionalized Polyolefins in a Sustainable Polymer Economy: Synthetic Strategies and Applications
PublikacjaPolymers play a crucial role in our modern life as no other material exists that is so versatile, moldable, and lightweight. Consequently, the demand for polymers will continue to grow with the human population, modernization, and technological developments. However, depleted fossil resources, increasing plastic waste production, ocean pollution, and related growing emission of greenhouse gases has led to a change in the way we...
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Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour Fluxes of a Alkaline Fen and Their Dependence on Reflectance
PublikacjaThis study shows results of parallel measurements of greenhouse gases fluxes (carbon dioxide and water vapour) and canopy reflectance of alkaline fen. Fluxes were measured using eddy-covariance technique on micrometeorological station located in the Upper Biebrza Basin (NE Poland) in Rogożynek Village. Study site is located in the Biebrza National Park which was established to protect one of the biggest coherent lowland wetland...
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Plasma-Based Deposition and Processing Techniques for Optical Fiber Sensing
PublikacjaPlasma-based techniques are widely applied for well-controlled deposition, etching or surface functionalization of a number of materials. It is difficult to imagine fabrication of novel microelectronic and optoelectronic devices without using plasma-enhanced deposition of thin films, their selective etching or functionalization of their surfaces for subsequent selective binding of chemical or biological molecules. Depending on...
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Experimental and numerical investigation of mercury removal from flue gas by sorbent polymer composite
PublikacjaThis paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of a sorbent polymer composite (SPC) material used for removing mercury from the flue gases in a full-scale industrial installation. The investigated material is an attractive alternative to activated carbon, which is commonly used for this purpose. While the application of the SPC is characterized by high capital expenditures, this technology offers...
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Green Approaches in Rubber Recycling Technologies: Present Status and Future Perspective
PublikacjaAs a consequence of massive production and consumption of rubbers, rubber blends, and rubber composites for myriad applications, elastomeric products have enormously accumulated and become an environmental threat. The disposal and burning of rubber wastes have been banned because of environmental and economic reasons. By contrast, a great deal of attention has been directed toward strategies enabling recycling and reuse of rubbers....
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Influence of operation temperature instability on gas sensor performance
PublikacjaGas sensors based on the semiconducting metal-oxides, such as SnO2, have been found to be very useful for detecting a wide range of gases. The reversible interactions of the gas with the surface of the sensing layer made of semiconducting metal-oxides are responsible for changes of sensor resistance which is usually used as a measure of sensor response. Semiconductor gas sensors are commercially available and applied in numerous...
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Unusual divergence of magnetoacoustic beams
PublikacjaTwo-dimensional magnetosonic beams directed along a line forming a constant angle h with the equilibrium straight magnetic field are considered. Perturbations in a plasma are described by the system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. The dynamics of perturbations in a beam are different in the cases of fast and slow modes, and it is determined by h and equilibrium parameters of a plasma. In particular, a beam divergence may...
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Badanie i analiza efektywności alokacji strumieni danych w heterogenicznej sieci WBAN
PublikacjaW niniejszej dysertacji doktorskiej poddano dyskusji efektywność alokacji strumieni danych w heterogenicznej radiowej sieci WBAN (Wireless Body Area Networks). Biorąc pod uwagę dynamiczny rozwój nowoczesnych sieci radiokomunikacyjnych piątej generacji (5G), którego część stanowią radiowe sieci działające w obrębie ciała człowieka, bardzo ważnym aspektem są metody maksymalizujące wykorzystanie dostępnych zasobów czasowo –częstotliwościowych...
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Poroelastic Road Surfaces - State of The Art
PublikacjaPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) constitute a specific group of pavements containing a great amount of crumbled rubber. In most cases rubber aggregate constitutes about 20% of the mixture (by weight) and a polyurethane resin is used as a binder. As a result, PERS is characterized by a much higher elasticity than asphalt and a high porosity typical for drainage pavements. Due to this, tire/road noise is greatly reduced and on top...
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CREATING A RANKING OF DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS FOR THE DYNAMIC PROCESS OF A MARINE COMBUSTION ENGINE IN THE ASPECT OF MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATIONS
PublikacjaThe change of some of the engine’s structural parameters affects the change of toxic compound emission in exhaust gases. It mainly applies to the damage sustained by the charge exchange system as well as the fuel system and the engine supercharging system. These changes are definitely higher during dynamic states and the related transient states. As such, it is possible to speak of a diverse sensitivity of the diagnostic parameters...
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Effect of nitrogen doping on TiOxNy thin film formation at reactive high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering
PublikacjaThe paper is focused on a study of formation of TiOxNy thin films prepared by pulsed magnetron sputtering of metallic Ti target. Oxygen and nitrogen were delivered into the discharge in the form of reactive gases O2 and N2. The films were deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering working with discharge repetition frequency f = 250 Hz at low (p = 0.75 Pa) and high (p = 10 Pa) pressure. The substrates were on floating...
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublikacjaUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Possibility to use engine compression ignition engines in floating power plants marine
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. The engines can be used in power industry for electricity generation in a simple or combined steam turbine system in combined heat and power plants. The leading engine in such an arrangement is an internal-combustion piston engine. The main propulsion engines are used in large piston internal-combustion engines...