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Search results for: DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD
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Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study
PublicationThe mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete Element Methods....
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Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study
PublicationAbstract: The mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also on the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete...
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An Efficient PEEC-Based Method for Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Structures
PublicationThis article introduces an efficient method for the equivalent circuit characterization and full-wave analysis of microstrip structures, leveraging the full-wave partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). In particular, the multilayered Green's function is evaluated using the discrete complex-image method (DCIM) and employed to establish the mixed potential integral equations. The proposed strategy considers time delays for the...
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An Improved Method of Minimizing Tool Vibration during Boring Holes in Large-Size Structures
PublicationThe paper presents a thoroughly modified method of solving the problem of vibration suppression when boring large-diameter holes in large-size workpieces. A new approach of adjusting the rotational speed of a boring tool is proposed which concerns the selection of the spindle speed in accordance with the results of the simulation of the cutting process. This streamlined method focuses on phenomenological aspects and involves the...
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A new open-source software developed for numerical simulations usingdiscrete modeling methods
PublicationThe purpose of this work is to present the development of an open-source software based on a discrete description of matter applied to study the behavior of geomaterials. This software uses Object Oriented Programming techniques, and its methodology design uses three different methods, which are the Discrete Element Method (DEM) [F. Donzé, S.A. Magnier, Formulation of a three-dimensional numerical model of brittle behavior, Geophys....
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New Concept of Numerical Ship Motion Modelling for Total Ship Operability Analysis by Integrating Ship and Environment Under One Overall System
PublicationThe paper presents a new concept of overall ship motion modelling for application to total ship operability. The delivered model is a multi-phase and includes both submerged part of ship’s hull and the surrounding water as a unique body. The Discrete Finite Element Method is applied. The model is successfully examined and illustrated for a selected AHTS.
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Numerical investigations of discrete crack propagation in Montevideo splitting test using cohesive elements and real concrete micro-structure
PublicationThe paper is aimed at accurately predicting the discrete fracture process in concrete specimens under complex stress states in two dimensional (2D) simulations. Plain concrete specimens subjected to Montevideo splitting test (MVD) were used for consideration due to non-negligible shear stresses impact in this type of test. In order to reflect the heterogeneous nature of the concrete, the meso-structure of the samples was included...
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Electromagnetic plane wave scattering from a cylindrical object with an arbitrary cross section using a hybrid technique
PublicationA hybrid technique combining finite-element and mode-matching methods for the analysis of scattering problems in open and closed areas is presented. The main idea of the analysis is based on the utilization of the finite-element method to calculate the post impedance matrix and combine it with external excitation. The discrete analysis, which is the most time- and memory-consuming, is limited here only to the close proximity of...
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A pore-scale thermo–hydro-mechanical model for particulate systems
PublicationA pore scale numerical method dedicated to the simulation of heat transfer and associated thermo–hydro-mechanical couplings in granular media is described. The proposed thermo–hydro-mechanical approach builds on an existing hydromechanical model that employs the discrete element method for simulating the mechanical behavior of dense sphere packings and combines it with the finite volume method for simulating pore space fluid flow...
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Non-linear circuit model of a single doubly-fed induction machine formulated in natural axes for drive systems simulation purposes
PublicationMathematical modelling and a circuit model formulated in natural axes of a single doubly-fed induction machine, with the account of magnetic circuit nonlinearity are presented in the paper. Derivation of the model differential equations was based on Lagrange's energy method. State functions of magnetic elements in the model are non-linear and depend on all currents flowing in the machine windings and on the angle of rotor position....
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Badania deformacji w materiałach sypkich podczas dynamicznego przepływu w silosach
PublicationMonografia stanowi próbę połączenia analizy zagadnień powstawania zmian objętościowych oraz pomiaru zmian koncentracji materialu sypkiego podczas opróżniania silosu. W pracy przedstwiono wyniki pomiarów wykonanych z zastooswaneim metody Particle Image Velocimetry, Electrical Capacitance Toomography oraz promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Zamieszczono równeiz wyniki obliczeń wykoanaych z zastooswaniem metody DEM (Discrete Element...
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Numerical investigations on early indicators of fracture in concrete at meso-scale.
PublicationFracture is a major reason of the global failure of concretes. The understanding of fracture is important to ensure the safety of structures and to optimize the material behaviour. In particular an early prediction possibility of fracture in concretes is of major importance. In this paper, concrete fracture under bending was numerically analysed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The real mesoscopic structure of a concrete...
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Reduced model of gyroscopic system
PublicationThe paper presents the method of model reduction for the system with gyroscopic interactions. Two methods were used to obtain the approximate discrete models of the continuous structure: the modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. The first approach is used for this part of a system for which it is easy to formulate orthogonality conditions, meanwhile the second one is used for other part. The method enables...
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Sensitivity analysis in design process of sandwich U-shaped composite footbridge
PublicationThe structure of the sandwich composite footbridge of a 14 metre span length and U-shaped cross-section was analysed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to support the design process of this innovative object. Linear discrete sensitivity analysis was performed by means of finite element method. The influence of vari-ation of several design variables i.e. thicknesses of inner and outer laminates on the mid-span deflection, as-sumed...
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Size effect in concrete under splitting tension
PublicationThe size effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete materials. It denotes that both the nominal structural strength and material ductility always decrease with increasing element size under tension. In the paper splitting tensile tests on cylindrical concrete specimens with the different diameter were carried out. Two types of the loading strip (plywood board and steel cylinder) were used. The concrete strength and ductility...
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An algorithm to generate high dense packing of particles with various shapes
PublicationDiscrete Element Method (DEM) is one of available numerical methods to compute movement of particles in large scale simulations. The method has been frequently applied to simulate the cases of grain or bulk material as the major research issue. The paper describes a new method of generating high dense packing with mixed material of two different shape used in DEM simulation. The initial packing is an important parameter to control,...
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MODELLING OF CONCRETE FRACTURE AT AGGREGATE LEVEL USING DEM BASED ON X-RAY mu CT IMAGES OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE
PublicationThe paper describes two-dimensional meso-scale numerical results of fracture in notched concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending. Concrete was modelled as a random heterogeneous 4-phase material composed of aggregate particles, cement matrix, interfacial transitional zones (ITZs) and air voids. As a numerical approach, the discrete element method (DEM) was used. The concrete micro-structure in calculations was directly...
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Size effect in concrete beams under bending – influence of the boundary layer and the numerical description of cracks
PublicationIn the paper the size effect phenomenon in concrete is analysed. The results of numerical simulations of using FEM on geometrically similar un-notched and notched concrete beams under bending are presented. Concrete beams of four different sizes and five different notch heights under three-point bending test were simulated. In total 18 beams were analysed. Two approaches were used to describe cracks in concrete. First, eXtended...
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Data set generation at novel test-rig for validation of numerical models for modeling granular flows
PublicationSignificant effort has been exerted on developing fast and reliable numerical models for modeling particulate flow; this is challenging owing to the complexity of such flows. To achieve this, reliable and high-quality experimental data are required for model development and validation. This study presents the design of a novel test-rig that allows the visualization and measurement of particle flow patterns during the collision...
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On some problems in determining tensile parameters of concrete model from size effect tests
PublicationThe paper presents results of numerical simulations of size effect phenomenon in concrete specimens. The behaviour of in-plane geometrically similar notched and unnotched beams under three-point bending is investigated. In total 18 beams are analysed. Concrete beams of four different sizes and five different notch to depth ratios are simulated. Two methods are applied to describe cracks. First, an elasto-plastic constitutive law...
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Static and dynamic concrete calculations: Breakable aggregates in DEM model
PublicationThe paper deals with the calculations of a 3-point bending beam under static and dynamic loads. The real microstructure was obtained from laboratory tests using micro-tomography images. The quasi-static results were compared directly with experimental data at both macro and micro levels. Subsequently, higher strain rates were applied to investigate dynamic effects. The study focused on the influence of dynamic loading on the macroscopic...
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A constitutive law for concrete with smooth transition from continuous into discontinuous cracks’ description
PublicationPaper presents a constitutive model for concrete that combines a continuous and discontinuous crack’s description to simulate the concrete under tensile dominated loads. In a continuum regime, two different constitutive laws were used. First, a plasticity model with the Rankine failure criterion and an associated flow rule was used. Second, a constitutive law based on isotropic damage mechanics was formulated. Both model alternatives...
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Simulations of hydro-fracking in rock mass at meso-scale using fully coupled DEM/CFD approach
PublicationThe paper deals with two-dimensional (2D) numerical modelling of hydro-fracking (hydraulic fracturing) in rocks at the meso-scale. A numerical model was developed to characterize the properties of fluid-driven fractures in rocks by combining the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The mechanical behaviour of the rock matrix was simulated with DEM and the behaviour of the fracturing fluid flow...
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR AT MESO-LEVEL DURING QUASI-STATIC SPLITTING TENSION
PublicationThe paper describes experimental and numerical results of quasi-static splitting tensile tests on concrete specimens at meso-scale level. The loading strip was made of plywood or steel. Fracture in concrete was detected at the aggregate level by means of three non-destructive methods: 3D x-ray micro-computed tomography, 2D scanning electron microscope and manual 2D digital microscope. The discrete element method was used to directly...
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Micro-modelling of shear localization during quasi-static confined granular flow in silos using DEM
PublicationThe paper deals with the quasi-static confined flow of cohesionless sand in a plane strain model silo with parallel walls and a slowly movable bottom. Numerical modelling was carried out by the discrete element method (DEM) using spheres with contact moments to approximately capture a non-uniform shape of sand particles. Different initial void ratios of sand and silo wall roughness grades were employed. Regular triangular grooves...
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Influence of the grains shape on the mechanical behavior of granular materials
PublicationDiscrete Element Method is a numerical method suitable for modeling geotechnical problems concerning granular media. In most cases simple forms of grains, like discs or spheres, are used. But these shapes are capable of soil behavior modeling up to a certain point only, they cannot reflect all of the features of the medium (large shear resistance and large volumetric change). In order to reflect the complex behavior of the real...
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Size effect at aggregate level in microCT scans and DEM simulation – Splitting tensile test of concrete
PublicationThe paper describes an experimental and numerical study of size effect on concrete cylindrical specimens in splitting tensile test. Own experimental campaign was performed on specimens with 5 various diameters from D = 74, 105, 150, 192 and 250 mm with hardboard loading strips (distributed load according to standard methods) scaled proportionally to the specimen diameter. The crack opening-control system was applied to obtain the...
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From Darcy to Turbulent Flow: Investigating Flow Characteristics and Regime Transitions in Porous Media
PublicationThis research addresses the flow characteristics within a porous medium composed of a monolayer of closely packed spheres, spanning from viscous-dominated to turbulent flow regimes. In the first part of this paper, the turbulent flow characteristics at a 30 MPa pressure drop within the domain are presented. The results are averaged across different cross-sections between the inlet and outlet. In the second part of the study, simulations...
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Structured deformation of granular material in the state of active earth pressure
PublicationThe paper focuses on the ability of granular materials to undergo structured deformation by analysing the data from the retaining wall model tests and discrete element simulations. The structured deformation means the movement of a granular material which produces a stable, regular pattern of multiple shear bands. The paper's primary purpose is to study this kind of deformation for the selected data representing the state of active...
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Periodic Properties of 1D FE Discrete Models in High Frequency Dynamics
PublicationFinite element discrete models of various engineering 1D structures may be considered as structures of certain periodic characteristics. The source of this periodicity comes from the discontinuity of stress/strain field between the elements. This behaviour remains unnoticeable, when low frequency dynamics of these structures is investigated. At high frequency regimes, however, its influence may be strong enough to dominate calculated...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Non-uniqueness of fracture parameter choice in simulations of concrete cracking at mesoscale level
PublicationIn the paper a non-uniqueness of fracture parameter choice in simulations of cracking process in plain concrete specimens at mesoscale level under monotonic static loading is analysed. The Finite Element Method is used, where cracks are defined in a discrete way using interface cohesive elements with nonlinear material law including softening. The concrete mesostructure (such as: cement matrix, air voids, aggregates, and Interfacial...
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Towards application of uncertainty quantification procedure combined with experimental procedure for assessment of the accuracy of the DEM approach dedicated for granular flow modeling
PublicationThere is a high demand for accurate and fast numerical models for dense granular flows found in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, before numerical model can be used its need to be always validated against experimental data. During the validation, it is important to consider how the measurement data sets, as well as the numerical models, are affected by errors and uncertainties. In this study, the uncertainty quantification...
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Numerical Test for Stability Evaluation of Discrete-Time Systems
PublicationIn this paper, a new numerical test for stability evaluation of discrete-time systems is presented. It is based on modern root-finding techniques at the complex plane employing the Delaunay triangulation and Cauchy's Argument Principle. The method evaluates if a system is stable and returns possible values and multiplicities of unstable zeros of the characteristic equation. For state-space discrete-time models, the developed test...
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Insights into the flow characteristics during hydraulic fracturing
PublicationThis paper presents a numerical model to study fracture propagation during water-based hydraulic fracturing. To address the computational challenges associated with the numerical model, the proposed approach employs a set of overlapping spheres arranged in a monolayer to construct a porous specimen containing pre-existing cracks. The fluid-filled cracks represent various stages of initiation and propagation of fluid-driven fracture....
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Modelling hydraulic and capillary-driven two-phase fluid flow in unsaturated concretes at the meso-scale with a unique coupled DEM-CFD technique
PublicationThe goal of the research was to demonstrate the impact of thin porous interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between aggregates and cement matrix on fluid flow in unsaturated concrete caused by hydraulic/capillary pressure. To demonstrate this impact, a novel coupled approach to simulate the two-phase (water and moist air) flow of hydraulically and capillary-driven fluid in unsaturated concrete was developed. By merging the discrete...
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Comparative 3D DEM simulations of sand–structure interfaces with similarly shaped clumps versus spheres with contact moments.
PublicationThree-dimensional simulations of a monotonic quasi-static interface behaviour between initially dense cohesionless sand and a rigid wall of different roughness during tests in a parallelly guided direct shear test under constant normal stress are presented. Numerical modelling was carried out by the discrete element method (DEM) using clumps in the form of convex non-symmetric irregularly shaped grains. The clumps had an aspect...
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Combining X-ray tomogrpahy imaging and DEM simulations to investigate granular material flow during silo discharging
PublicationEven after few decades of research, the study of particle motion taking place during silo discharging hasn’t been fully addressed, both experimentally and numerically, because of nontrivial behaviors that occur during associated flow patterns. For instance, discrete element method (DEM) has shown good qualitative prediction potential of velocity profile, but, on the other hand, frequently failed to match quantitatively experimental...
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Meso‐scale analyses of size effect in brittle materials using DEM
PublicationThe paper describes numerical meso-scale results of a size effect on strength, brittleness and fracture in brittle materials like concrete. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the size effect during quasi-static splitting tension with the experimental-based meso-structure. The two-dimensional (2D) calculations were carried out on concrete cylindrical specimens with two diameters wherein two different failure...
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Exact modal absorbing boundary condition for waveguide simulations - discrete Green's function approach
PublicationA modal absorbing boundary condition (ABC) based on the discrete Green's function (DGF) is introduced and applied for termination of waveguides simulated by means of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The differences between the developed approach and implementations already demonstrated in the literature are presented. By applying DGF, a consistent theoretical approach to modal ABC in the FDTD method is obtained....
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Asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA) method
PublicationA new method for a location service in the asynchronous wireless sensor networks is outlined. This method, which is called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables calculation of the position of a mobile node without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between measuring sensors. The ATDOA method is based on the measurement of time difference of arrival between the node and the same sensor at the discrete...
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Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
PublicationIn this article, specific methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical...
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Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
PublicationIn this study, dedicated methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical...
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Windowing of the Discrete Green's Function for Accurate FDTD Computations
PublicationThe paper presents systematic evaluation of the applicability of parametric and nonparametric window functions for truncation of the discrete Green's function (DGF). This function is directly derived from the FDTD update equations, thus the FDTD method and its integral discrete formulation can be perfectly coupled using DGF. Unfortunately, the DGF computations require processor time, hence DGF has to be truncated with appropriate...
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Discrete and continuous fractional persistence problems – the positivity property and applications
PublicationIn this article, we study the continuous and discrete fractional persistence problem which looks for the persistence of properties of a given classical (α=1) differential equation in the fractional case (here using fractional Caputo’s derivatives) and the numerical scheme which are associated (here with discrete Grünwald–Letnikov derivatives). Our main concerns are positivity, order preserving ,equilibrium points and stability...
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Discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump
PublicationThis paper presents results of discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Evolution Strategies (ES) are used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump is performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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Hybrid Technique for the EM Scattering Analysis with the Use of Ring Domain Decomposition
PublicationA hybrid technique combining finite-element and mode-matching methods for the analysis of scattering problems in open space is presented here. The main idea is based on impedance matrix descriptions of the boundary surrounding the discrete computational domain and combine it with external field described analytically. The discrete analysis, which is the most time- and memory-consuming, is limited here only to the close proximity...
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Dyskretno-ciągła metoda modelowania układów dynamicznych
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono oryginalną metodę modelowania układów dyskretno-ciągłych. Metoda polega na dyskretyzowaniu układu trójwymiarowego jedynie w dwóch wybranych kierunkach. W trzecim z kierunków układ pozostaje ciągły. Otrzymany w ten sposób model jest modelem dyskretno-ciągłym. Opisany jest za pomocą równań różniczkowych cząstkowych. Ogólne równania różnicowe układu dyskretnego otrzymano, wykorzystując metodę sztywnych elementów...
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The Discrete-Continuous, Global Optimisation of an Axial Flow Blood Pump
PublicationThis paper presents the results of the discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Differential evolution (DE) is used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in a relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump are performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...