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Search results for: DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION.
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Review and comparison of smoothing algorithms for one-dimensional data noise reduction
PublicationThe paper considers the choice of parameters of smoothing algorithms for data denoising. The impact of the window size on smoothing accuracy was analyzed. The parameters of denoising filters were selected with respect to the meansquare error between the computed linear regression and the noisy signal. Finally, we have compared mean, median, SavitzkyGolay, Kalman and Gaussian filter algorithms for the data from the digital sensor....
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Macro-elements and Model Order Reduction for Efficient Three-Dimensional FEM Analysis
PublicationAn efficient model order reduction (MOR) methodology for three dimensional vector finite element method (FEM) is developed to accelerate simulations of the structures containing features that cause strong variations of mesh density. As the result of presented algorithm, FEM subsystems of equations corresponding to the selected refined region are converted into a very compact sets of linear equations, called macro-elements.Numerical...
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Design Space Reduction for Expedited Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Antennas in Highly-Dimensional Spaces
PublicationA surrogate-based technique for efficient multi-objective antenna optimization is discussed. Our approach exploits response surface approximation (RSA) model constructed from low-fidelity antenna model data (here, obtained through coarse-discretization electromagnetic simulations). The RSA model enables fast determination of the best available trade-offs between conflicting design goals. The cost of RSA model construction for multi-parameter...
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A concept of zero-dimensional and three-dimensional thermodynamic modelling of steam storage in a steam cycle
PublicationThis work presents the thermodynamic model of steam storage in a steam cycle. The innovative steam storage is an integral part of the unit and thus responds quickly to changes in load. This enhances the primary control reserve while maintaining high efficiency of energy conversion. With regard to power plants, it improves the operational safety of generation units, as it prevents boiler and turbines overload in the case of steep...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of steam storage in a steam cycle in a different regime of work: A zero-dimensional and three-dimensional approach
PublicationDue to the current trends aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, changes are required in the operation of coal-fired steam units. The unstable nature of renewable energy sources, depending on weather conditions, means that the amount of energy produced varies and is not always in line with peak demand. To ensure the security and stability of energy supplies in the energy system,...
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Efficient model order reduction for FEM analysis of waveguide structures and resonators
PublicationAn efficient model order reduction method for three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of waveguide structures is proposed. The method is based on the Efficient Modal Order Reduction (ENOR) algorithm for creating macro-elements in cascaded subdomains. The resulting macro-elements are represented by very compact submatrices, leading to significant reduction of the overall number of unknowns. The efficiency of the model...
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Latest Achievements in Concrete Structures Three-Dimensional Printing
PublicationWe can hear about three-dimensional printed concrete structures for several years, up to date solutions in this technology allow entire printing settlements of tiny concrete houses. Due to technical limitations, these houses are still small and not very durable, but undoubtedly, this technology is developing. Home printed in three-dimensional technology can be an alternative to modular container buildings implemented in areas affected...
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Thermohydraulic maldistribution reduction in mini heat exchangers
PublicationA detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel 1 mm × 1 mm rectangular minichannels and 1 mm depth minigap section with rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or concave manifolds in Z-type flow configuration. The working medium was ethanol and the mass flow rate was 5 × 10−4 kg/s. Both sections were heated from the bottom side. Heat flux of 10 000 W/m2 and 5000 W/m2 was...
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Testing the Effect of Bathymetric Data Reduction on the Shape of the Digital Bottom Model
PublicationDepth data and the digital bottom model created from it are very important in the inland and coastal water zones studies and research. The paper undertakes the subject of bathymetric data processing using reduction methods and examines the impact of data reduction according to the resulting representations of the bottom surface in the form of numerical bottom models. Data reduction is an approach that is meant to reduce the size...
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Expedited EM-driven multi-objective antenna design in highly-dimensional parameter spaces
PublicationA technique for low-cost multi-objective optimization of antennas in highly-dimensional parameter spaces is presented. The optimization procedure is expedited by exploiting fast surrogate models, including coarse-discretization EM antenna simulations and response surface approximations (RSA). The latter is utilized to yield an initial set of Pareto non-dominated designs which are further refined using response correction methods....
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On Nonlinear Dynamic Theory of Thin Plates with Surface Stresses
PublicationWe discuss the modelling of dynamics of thin plates considering surface stresses according to Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. Taking into account the surface mass density we derive the two-dimensional (2D) equations of motion. For the reduction of the three-dimensional (3D) motion equations to the 2D ones we use the trough-the-thickness integration procedure. As a result, the 2D dynamic parameters of the plate depend not only...
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Hybrid Reduced Model of Continuous System
PublicationThe paper introduces an alternative method of modelling and modal reduction of continuous systems. Presented method is a hybrid one. It combines the advantages of modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. In the proposed method continuous structure is divided into one-dimensional continuous elements. For each 1D element modal decomposition and reduction is applied. Interactions between substructures are...
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Local Mesh Deformation for accelerated parametric studies based on the Finite Element Method
PublicationThis paper presents an approach for enhancing the efficiency of two-dimensional Finite Element Method analysis in parametric studies or optimisation process of microwave components. The new approach involves local mesh deformation applied near the elements that are modified during computations. Since in the proposed approach the topology of the mesh remains unchanged, a new mesh does not have to be generated from scratch when the...
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Reliable Multi-Stage Optimization of Antennas for Multiple Performance Figures in Highly-Dimensional Parameter Spaces
PublicationDesign of modern antenna structures needs to account for multiple performance figures and geometrical constraints. Fulfillment of these calls for the development of complex topologies described by a large number of parameters. EM-driven tuning of such designs is mandatory yet immensely challenging. In this letter, a new framework for multi-stage design optimization of multi-dimensional antennas with respect to several performance...
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Subcritical bifurcation of free elastic shell of biological cluster
PublicationIn this paper we will investigate symmetry-breaking bifurcation of equilibrium forms of biological cluster. A biological cluster is a two-dimensional analogue of a gas balloon. The cluster boundary is connected with its kernel by elastic links. The inside part is filled with compressed gas or fluid. Equilibrium forms of biological cluster can be found as solutions of a certain second order ordinary functional-differential equation...
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Detecting coupling directions with transcript mutual information: A comparative study
PublicationCausal relationships are important to understand the dynamics of coupled processes and, moreover, to influence or control the effects by acting on the causes. Among the different approaches to determine cause-effect relationships and, in particular, coupling directions in interacting random or deterministic processes, we focus in this paper on information-theoretic measures. So, we study in the theoretical part the difference between...
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Local mesh morphing technique for parametrized macromodels in the finite element method
PublicationThis paper presents a novel approach for enhancing the efficiency of the design process of microwave devices by means of the finite element method. It combines mesh morphing with local model order reduction (MOR) and yields parametrized macromodels that can be used to significantly reduce the number of variables in the FEM system of equations and acceleration of computer simulation. A projection basis for local reduction is generated...
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Low-cost multi-criterial design optimization of compact microwave passives using constrained surrogates and dimensionality reduction
PublicationDesign of contemporary microwave circuits is a challenging task. Typically, it has to take into account several performance requirements and constraints. The design objectives are often conflicting and their simultaneous improvement may not be possible; instead, compromise solutions are to be sought. Representative examples are miniaturized microwave passives where reduction of the circuit size has a detrimental effect on its electrical...
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Macromodels for efficient FEM simulations of waveguides and resonators
PublicationThis paper introduces a novel technique for enhancing the efficiency of the finite element method (FEM) by incorporating special modules, called macromodels, into the standard eigenvalue formulation. The number of unknowns in the separated macromodel subdomain can be significantly reduced by orthogonal projection, using the efficient nodal order reduction algorithm. The idea of macromodels implementation is demonstrated on a simple...
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Rozkład naprężeń mechanicznych w łyżce o szerokości 500 mm, przeznaczonej do koparki podsiębiernej
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowano optymalizację kształtu łyżki koparki przedsiębiernej z wykorzystaniem analizy wytrzymałościowej. Analizę oparto na trójwymiarowym modelu konstrukcji łyżki z zastosowaniem metody elementów skończonych (MES). Opracowanie wspomnianej metody pozwoliło na modyfikację konstrukcji łyżki, która dała w efekcie obniżenie naprężeń złożonych w newralgicznych obszarach konstrukcji łyżki. Przedstawiona analiza okazała...
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Influence of excitons interaction with charge carriers on photovoltaic parameters in organic solar cells
PublicationWe report on theoretical analysis of excitons annihilation on charge carriers in organic solar cells. Numerical calculations based on transient one-dimensional drift-diffusion model have been carried out. An impact of three quantities (an annihilation rate constant, an exciton mobility and a recombination reduction factor) on current density and concentrations of charge carriers and excitons is investigated. Finally, we discuss...
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Multi-fidelity EM simulations and constrained surrogate modelling for low-cost multi-objective design optimisation of antennas
PublicationIn this study, a technique for low-cost multi-objective design optimisation of antenna structures has been proposed. The proposed approach is an enhancement of a recently reported surrogate-assisted technique exploiting variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulations and auxiliary kriging interpolation surrogate, the latter utilised to produce the initial approximation of the Pareto set. A bottleneck of the procedure for higher-dimensional...
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Point cloud unification with optimization algorithm
PublicationTerrestrial laser scanning is a technology that enables to obtain three-dimensional data – an accurate representation of reality. During scanning not only desired objects are measured, but also a lot of additional elements. Therefore, unnecessary data is being removed, what has an impact on efficiency of point cloud processing. It can happen while single point clouds are displayed – user decides what he wants...
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The effect of numerical 2D and 3D FEM element modelling on strain and stress distributions at laser weld notches in steel sandwich type panels
PublicationLike other means of transport, merchant ships face the problem of increasing requirements concerning the environment protection, which, among other issues, implies the reduction of fuel consumption by the ship. Here, the conventional approach which consists in making use of higher strength steels to decrease the mass of the ship hull can be complemented by the use of new steel structures of sandwich panel type. However, the lack...
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Multibeam data processing for 3D object shape reconstruction
PublicationThe technology of hydroacoustic scanning offers an efficient and widely-used source of geospatial information regarding underwater environments, providing measurement data which usually have the structure of irregular groups of points known as point clouds. Since this data model has known disadvantages, a different form of representation based on representing surfaces with simple geometric structures, such as edges and facets,...
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Preparation and Characterization of Nanomaterial Consisting of Silica Aerogel & Carbon Tested as an Electrode in Non-Aqueous Media Containing Lithium Salt.
PublicationSilica aerogel (SiO2ag) was combined with carbonaceous material in the pyrolysis process of hydrocarbons. The obtained nanocomposite SiO2ag/C was amorphous, partially preserving the porous structure of SiO2ag. The specific surface area changes from 445.6 m2/g for pure SiO2ag to 205.52 m2/g SiO2ag/C. The 29Si MAS-NMR shows a three-dimensional matrix with silicon atoms connected to other silicon atoms by four...
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Unusual dynamics and nonlinear thermal self-focusing of initially focused magnetoacoustic beams in a plasma
PublicationUnusual thermal self-focusing of two-dimensional beams in plasma which axis is parallel to the equilibrium straight magnetic field is considered. The equi- librium parameters of plasma determine scenario of a beam divergence (usual or unusual) which is stronger as compared with a flow without magnetic field. Nonlinear thermal self-action of a magnetosonic beam behaves differently in the ordinary and unusual cases. Damping of wave...
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Flow maldistribution and its mitigation in mini heat exchangers
PublicationIn the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel 1 mm x 1 mm rectangular minichannels and 1 mm depth minigap section with rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or concave mani-folds in Z-type flow configuration (16 different cases). The working medium was ethanol and the mass flow rate was 5×10-4 kg/s. Both sections was heated from the bottom side. Heat...
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A Compact Basis for Reliable Fast Frequency Sweep via the Reduced-Basis Method
PublicationA reliable reduced-order model (ROM) for fast frequency sweep in time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations by means of the reduced-basis method is detailed. Taking frequency as a parameter, the electromagnetic field in microwave circuits does not arbitrarily vary as frequency changes, but evolves on a very low-dimensional manifold. Approximating this low-dimensional manifold by a low dimension subspace, namely, reduced-basis space, gives...
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Three-dimensional characterization of porosity in iron ore pellets: A comprehensive study
PublicationThis paper presents a comprehensive study on the production and reduction of high-quality iron ore pellets characterized by a basicity index nearing 0.5 and diameters ranging from 1 to 2 cm. The reduction process was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures spanning 800–1000 ◦ C and a pressure of 8 bar. Initial f indings revealed substantial variations in pellet density and compressive strength, attributed to their...
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Flood Modelling and Risk Analysis of Cinan Feizuo Flood Protection Area, Huaihe River Basin
PublicationThis study evaluated multiple aspects of flood risks and effects on the Cinan Feizuo flood protection area in the Huaihe River basin. Flooding remains a leading problem for infrastructure, especially in urban, residential areas of the region. Effective flood modeling for urbanized floodplains is challenging, but MIKE (ID-2D) is paramount for analyzing and quantifying the risk in the vulnerable region. The Saint-Venant equation...
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On the compression of multibeam sonar raw bathymetry data
PublicationMultibeam sonars are widely used in applications like high resolution bathymetry measurements or underwater object imaging. One of the significant problems in multibeam sensing of the marine environment is large amount of data which must be transmitted from the sonar processing unit to an operator station using a limited bit rate channel. For instance, such a situation would be in the case when the multibeam sonar was mounted on...
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Using wavelet techniques for multibeam sonar bathymetry data compression
PublicationMultibeam sonars are widely used in applications like high resolution bathymetry measurements or underwater object imaging. One of the significant problems in multibeam sensing of the marine environment is large amount of data which must be transmitted from the sonar processing unit to an operator station using a limited bit rate channel. For instance, such a situation would be in the case when the multibeam sonar was mounted on...
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Down-Sampling of Large LiDAR Dataset in the Context of Off-Road Objects Extraction
PublicationNowadays, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is used in many fields, such as transportation. Thanks to the recent technological improvements, the current generation of LiDAR mapping instruments available on the market allows to acquire up to millions of three-dimensional (3D) points per second. On the one hand, such improvements allowed the development of LiDAR-based systems with increased productivity, enabling the quick acquisition...
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On geometry parameterization for simulation-driven design closure of antenna structures
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools have become ubiquitous in antenna design, especially final tuning of geometry parameters. From the reliability standpoint, the recommended realization of EM-driven design is through rigorous numerical optimization. It is a challenging endeavor with the major issues related to the high computational cost of the process, but also the necessity of handling several objectives and constraints...
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Application of Doubly Connected Dominating Sets to Safe Rectangular Smart Grids
PublicationSmart grids, together with the Internet of Things, are considered to be the future of the electric energy world. This is possible through a two-way communication between nodes of the grids and computer processing. It is necessary that the communication is easy and safe, and the distance between a point of demand and supply is short, to reduce the electricity loss. All these requirements should be met at the lowest possible cost....
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Recent Advances in Accelerated Multi-Objective Design of High-Frequency Structures using Knowledge-Based Constrained Modeling Approach
PublicationDesign automation, including reliable optimization of engineering systems, is of paramount importance for both academia and industry. This includes the design of high-frequency structures (antennas, microwave circuits, integrated photonic components), where the appropriate adjustment of geometry and material parameters is crucial to meet stringent performance requirements dictated by practical applications. Realistic design has...
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Assessment of particular abdominal aorta section extraction from contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography
PublicationThe aim of this work is to improve the accuracy of extraction of a particular abdominal aorta section and to reduce the distortion in three-dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images. Imaging modality and quality plays crucial role in the medical diagnostic process, thus ensuring high quality of images is essential at every stage of acquisition and processing.Noise is defined as a disturbance of the image quality...
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A New Type of Macro-Elements for Efficient Two-Dimensional FEM Analysis
PublicationThis letter deals with a model order reduction technique applicable for driven and eigenvalue problems solved using the finite element method (FEM). It allows one to efficiently compute electromagnetic parameters of structures comprising small features that require strong local mesh refinement. The subdomains of very fine mesh are separated from the global domain as so called macro-elements that undergo model reduction. The macro-elements...
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One-dimensional chaos in a system with dry friction: analytical approach
PublicationWe introduce a new analytical method, which allows to find chaotic regimes in non-smooth dynamical systems. A simple mechanical system consisting of a mass and a dry friction element is considered. The corresponding mathematical model is being studied. We show that the considered dynamical system is a skew product over a piecewise smooth mapping of a segment (the so-called base map). For this base map we demonstrate existence of...
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An Analysis of Neural Word Representations for Wikipedia Articles Classification
PublicationOne of the current popular methods of generating word representations is an approach based on the analysis of large document collections with neural networks. It creates so-called word-embeddings that attempt to learn relationships between words and encode this information in the form of a low-dimensional vector. The goal of this paper is to examine the differences between the most popular embedding models and the typical bag-of-words...
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Comparative analysis of the flow control over a circular cylinder with detached flexible and rigid splitter plates
PublicationA comparative study is performed on a circular cylinder with both flexible and rigid splitter plates (SPs). This study has the novelty of using single and dual detached SPs located downstream of the cylinder. The dimensionless gap distance between the first splitter plate and the cylinder as well as the distance between the SPs are varied. The strain of flexible SPs can be used for energy harvesting from the flow. Therefore, a...
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3D Object Shape Reconstruction from Underwater Multibeam Data and Over Ground Lidar Scanning
PublicationThe technologies of sonar and laser scanning are an efficient and widely used source of spatial information with regards to underwater and over ground environment respectively. The measurement data are usually available in the form of groups of separate points located irregularly in three-dimensional space, known as point clouds. This data model has known disadvantages, therefore in many applications a different form of representation,...
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Low-Cost Multi-Objective Optimization Yagi-Uda Antenna in Multi-Dimensional Parameter Space
PublicationA surrogate-based technique for fast multi-objective optimization of a multi-parameter planar Yagi-Uda antenna structure is presented. The proposed method utilizes response surface approximation (RSA) models constructed using training samples obtained from evaluation of the low-fidelity antenna model. Utilization of the RSA models allowsfor fast determination of the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives in multi-objective...
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5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy
PublicationThe fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks utilizing millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands can be considered the leading player in meeting the continuously increasing hunger of the end user demands in the near future. However, 5G networks are characterized by high power consumption, which poses a significant challenge to the efficient management of base stations (BSs) and user association. Implementing new power consumption and user...
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Discrete element method simulations of fracture in concrete under uniaxial compression based on its real internal structure
PublicationThe paper describes experimental and numerical results of concrete fracture under quasi-static uniaxial compression. Experimental uniaxial compression tests were performed on concrete cubic specimens. Fracture in concrete was detected at the aggregate level by means of three non-destructive methods: three-dimensional X-ray microcomputed tomography, two-dimensional scanning electron microscope and manual two-dimensional digital...
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Solution of the dike-break problem using finite volume method and splitting technique
PublicationIn the paper the finite volume method (FVM) is presented for the solution of two-dimensional shallow water equations. These equations are frequently used to simulate the dam-break and dike-break induced flows. The applied numerical algorithm of FVM is based on the wave-propagation algorithm which ensures a stable solution and simultaneously minimizes the numerical errors. The dimensional decomposition according to the coordinate...
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Three-dimensional Weyl topology in one-dimensional photonic structures
PublicationTopological features, in particular distinct band intersections known as nodal rings, usually requiring three-dimensional structures, have now been demonstrated experimentally in an elegantly simple one-dimensional photonic crystal.
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Two-dimensional gas chromatography – principles and application in fruits analysis
PublicationTwo-dimensional gas chromatography is a rapidly developing analytical technique. One of the major uses of this technique is its use for food analysis. The paper presents the principle of operation and history of this analytical technique. The specification of the two-dimensional gas chromatography technique has been discussed. The principles of separation of ingredients and application of the method, particularly in the analysis...
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DAB+ Coverage Analysis: a New Look at Network Planning using GIS Tools
PublicationFor many years, the matter of designing a transmitter network, optimized for best signal coverage, has been a subject of intense research. In the last decade, numerous researchers and institutions used GIS and spatial analysis tools for network planning, especially transmitter location. Currently, many existing systems operate in a strictly two-dimensional manner, not taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the analyzed...